scholarly journals HIND GUT DUPLICATION–DOUBLING OF COLON AND GENITAL URINARY TRACTS

1953 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Ravitch
Keyword(s):  
Hind Gut

scholarly journals Taxonomic differences of gut microbiomes drive cellulolytic enzymatic potential within hind-gut fermenting mammals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. L. Finlayson-Trick ◽  
Landon J. Getz ◽  
Patrick D. Slaine ◽  
Mackenzie Thornbury ◽  
Emily Lamoureux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Gut

Biotin studies in pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kopinski ◽  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
W. L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
Hind Gut

Eight pigs were given a semi-purified diet based on maize flour and casein containing 10 μg biotin/kg. The diet was given ad lib. with or without a supplement of 70 μg biotin/kg diet from 5 to 94 d of age. The flow of biotin in the stomach was similar to the biotin intake (13.5 and 112 μg/d) for the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs respectively. The flow of biotin through the small intestine decreased for the biotin-supplemented pigs from 39 μg/d in the first quarter of the small intestine to 7.9 μg/d in the last quarter. The flows of biotin in the caecum, large intestine and colon were similar for both the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs, with values of 17–54 μg/d, indicating the synthesis of biotin in the hind-gut.

Identification and functional characterization of legumain in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Teng ◽  
Hiroshi Wada ◽  
Shicui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Branchiostoma Belcheri ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Catalytic Dyad ◽  
Pepstatin A

Legumain has been reported from diverse sources such as plants, parasites (animals) and mammals, but little is known in the lower chordates. The present study reports the first characterization of legumain cDNA from the protochordate Branchiostoma belcheri. The deduced 435-amino-acid-long protein is structurally characterized by the presence of a putative N-terminal signal peptide, a peptidase_C13 superfamily domain with the conserved Lys123-Gly124-Asp125 motif and catalytic dyad His153 and Cys195 and two potential Asn-glycosylation sites at Asn85 and Asn270. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that B. belcheri legumain forms an independent cluster together with ascidian legumain, and is positioned at the base of vertebrate legumains, suggesting that B. belcheri legumain gene may represent the archetype of vertebrate legumain genes. Both recombinant legumain expressed in yeast and endogenous legumain are able to be converted into active protein of ~37 kDa via a C-terminal autocleavage at acid pH values. The recombinant legumain efficiently degrades the legumain-specific substrate Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-MCA (benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-asparagine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide) at optimum pH 5.5; and the enzymatic activity is inhibited potently by iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide, partially by hen's-egg white cystatin, but not by E-64 [trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane], PMSF and pepstatin A. In addition, legumain is expressed in vivo in a tissue-specific manner, with main expression in the hepatic caecum and hind-gut of B. belcheri. Altogether, these results suggest that B. belcheri legumain plays a role in the degradation of macromolecules in food.

Voluntary intake, digestibility and rate of passage of a hay and a silage fed to horses and to cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
B. McLean ◽  
A. Afzalzadeh ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
R.W. Mayes ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

It is well established that the intake and digestibility of roughages by ruminants is positively correlated with rate of passage (ARC, 1980), presumably to enable as complete a microbial degradation of the poorer roughages as possible. On the other hand hind gut fermenters such as horses have been thought to have adopted the alternative strategy of using a high rate of passage to ‘cream’ off the rapidly degradable material of poor quality roughages so as to maintain adequate nutrient intakes. Surprisingly, there are remarkably few actual comparisons between ruminants and hindgut fermenters in the literature. Traditionally dried roughages (hay) and cereal and ‘by-product concentrates’ have been used as horse feeds (grains, brans sugar beet pulp). Recently there has been more interest in the use of silages with horses (eg Smoulders and Hobiers, 1988). However the information as to the utilisation of silages by horses is limited.

Bovine or equine faeces as sources of micro-organisms instead of rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry in vitro digestibility technique for evaluating forages in Tanzania

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
H. Whittall ◽  
E.J. Mtengeti ◽  
L.A. Mtenga ◽  
D.L. Romney ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Consequent Improvement

Akhter et al.(1994) demonstrated bovine faeces to have considerable potential as a source of microorganisms to replace rumen liquor in the in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) for evaluating temperate gramminaceous forages, under UK laboratory conditions. In view of the difficulties and costs of maintaining fistulated animals in tropical, less-developed countries, the present study was undertaken in Tanzania to investigate the potential of bovine faeces as a substitute for rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry technique for evaluating local, gramminaceous forages. Use of equine faeces was also investigated in view of the prevalence of equines in some tropical countries. It was also hypothesised that equines, being hind-gut fermentors, would yield faeces containing more micro-organisms than faeces from bovines, with a consequent improvement in digestibility.

scholarly journals The migration and loss of human primordial germ stem cells from the hind gut epithelium towards the gonadal ridge

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (10-11-12) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Salto Mamsen ◽  
Christian Beltoft Brchner ◽  
Anne Grete Byskov ◽  
Kjeld Mllgard
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Hind Gut

Effect of saline drinking water on the size and water content of the gut and other organs of male and female mallards

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Hughes ◽  
D C Bennett ◽  
T M Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Hind Gut

Ducks absorb imbibed Na+ and water in the anterior gut and reabsorb Na+ and water from urine refluxed into the hind gut. In Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) this process is sexually disparate: males reflux and reabsorb more water, mainly in the ceca. We examined the effect of saline acclimation on the size of Mallard organs, especially the gut and other osmoregulatory organs (kidneys, salt glands) in both sexes. We tested and accept two hypotheses: (1) saline increases the mass of the Mallard hind gut and other osmoregulatory organs and (2) saline has a greater effect on the organs of males. Drinking saline did not affect the mass of body, kidney, heart, or liver, but increased the mass of the salt glands, ileum, and ceca. Increases in organ mass were greater in males than in females. Saline acclimation increased the length of the jejunum only in males and decreased the length of the esophagus and the length and mass of the proventriculus only in females. Our data suggest that the upper and lower gut segments may play somewhat different roles in ion and water transport in the two sexes.

scholarly journals Natural history bycatch: a pipeline for identifying metagenomic sequences in RADseq data

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Holmes ◽  
Alison R. Davis Rabosky
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Site ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Tissue Banks ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Assembly Pipeline ◽  
Hind Gut

Background Reduced representation genomic datasets are increasingly becoming available from a variety of organisms. These datasets do not target specific genes, and so may contain sequences from parasites and other organisms present in the target tissue sample. In this paper, we demonstrate that (1) RADseq datasets can be used for exploratory analysis of tissue-specific metagenomes, and (2) tissue collections house complete metagenomic communities, which can be investigated and quantified by a variety of techniques. Methods We present an exploratory method for mining metagenomic “bycatch” sequences from a range of host tissue types. We use a combination of the pyRAD assembly pipeline, NCBI’s blastn software, and custom R scripts to isolate metagenomic sequences from RADseq type datasets. Results When we focus on sequences that align with existing references in NCBI’s GenBank, we find that between three and five percent of identifiable double-digest restriction site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequences from host tissue samples are from phyla to contain known blood parasites. In addition to tissue samples, we examine ddRAD sequences from metagenomic DNA extracted snake and lizard hind-gut samples. We find that the sequences recovered from these samples match with expected bacterial and eukaryotic gut microbiome phyla. Discussion Our results suggest that (1) museum tissue banks originally collected for host DNA archiving are also preserving valuable parasite and microbiome communities, (2) that publicly available RADseq datasets may include metagenomic sequences that could be explored, and (3) that restriction site approaches are a useful exploratory technique to identify microbiome lineages that could be missed by primer-based approaches.

scholarly journals Digestive And Tracheal System of Menopon Gallinae (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) Infesting Poultry Bird (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surman Arya ◽  
Suneel Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Poultry Shaft Louse ◽  
Alary Muscles

The digestive and tracheal system of a poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) has been studied in greater details. Alimentary canal of louse was dissected out along with crop under stereozoom binocular microscope. Entire alimentary canal of M. gallinae was found more or less straight and has three basic parts (fore-gut, mid-gut and hind-gut) while crop-teeth was present in the crop. The posterior end of crop contains 20-30 well developed crop-teeth arranged in a single arced plate, in comb-like fashion. Mid-gut was found as simple tube and contributes nearly one half of the total length, while the hind-gut was marked by the opening of Malpighian tubules in alimentary canal. The heart of M. gallinae is of simplest kind, one chambered bulbous structure having three pairs of laterally placed ostia and supported by four pairs of alary muscles. In the tracheal system there were seven pairs of spiracles occurred on the terga of M. gallinae. The first pair of spiracle was found located close to legs while remaining six abdominal spiracles occur from segment 3rd to 8th. The degree of tracheation of various visceral organs has also been noted.

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