scholarly journals Sphaerochaeta multiformis sp. nov., an anaerobic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from subseafloor sediment, and emended description of the genus Sphaerochaeta

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4147-4154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miyazaki ◽  
Sanae Sakai ◽  
Kirsti M. Ritalahti ◽  
Yayoi Saito ◽  
Yuko Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Shimokita Peninsula ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Coccoid Cell ◽  
Bacterium Strain

An anaerobic, psychrophilic bacterium, strain MO-SPC2T, was isolated from a methanogenic microbial community in a continuous-flow bioreactor that was established from subseafloor sediments collected from off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the north-western Pacific Ocean. Cells were pleomorphic: spherical, annular, curved rod, helical and coccoid cell morphologies were observed. Motility only occurred in helical cells. Strain MO-SPC2T grew at 0–17 °C (optimally at 9 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimally at pH 6.8–7.2) and in 20–40 g NaCl l−1 (optimally at 20–30 NaCl l−1). The strain grew chemo-organotrophically with mono-, di- and polysaccharides. The major end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The abundant polar lipids of strain MO-SPC2T were phosphatidylglycolipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. The major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω9. Isoprenoid quinones were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 32.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain MO-SPC2T was affiliated with the genus Sphaerochaeta within the phylum Spirochaetes , and its closest relatives were Sphaerochaeta pleomorpha GrapesT (88.4 % sequence identity), Sphaerochaeta globosa BuddyT (86.7 %) and Sphaerochaeta coccoides SPN1T (85.4 %). Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic traits, strain MO-SPC2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphaerochaeta , for which the name Sphaerochaeta multiformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MO-SPC2T ( = JCM 17281T = DSM 23952T). An emended description of the genus Sphaerochaeta is also proposed.

scholarly journals Geofilum rubicundum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from deep subseafloor sediment

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miyazaki ◽  
Osamu Koide ◽  
Tohru Kobayashi ◽  
Kozue Mori ◽  
Shigeru Shimamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Shimokita Peninsula ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Isoprenoid Quinones ◽  
Deep Subseafloor

A novel, facultatively anaerobic bacterium (strain JAM-BA0501T) was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample at a depth of 247 m below seafloor off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the north-western Pacific Ocean (Site C9001, 1180 m water depth). Cells of strain JAM-BA0501T were Gram-negative, filamentous, non-spore-forming and motile on solid medium by gliding. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JAM-BA0501T indicated a distant relationship to strains representing genera within the order Bacteroidales , such as Alkaliflexus imshenetskii Z-7010T (91.1 % similarity), Marinilabilia salmonicolor ATCC 19041T (86.2 %) and Anaerophaga thermohalophila Fru22T (89.3 %). The new isolate produced isoprenoid quinones with menaquinone MK-7 as the major component, and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 42.9 mol%. Based on its taxonomic distinctiveness, strain JAM-BA0501T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Marinilabiliaceae , for which the name Geofilum rubicundum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Geofilum rubicundum is JAM-BA0501T ( = JCM 15548T  = NCIMB 14482T).

Spirochaeta psychrophila sp. nov., a psychrophilic spirochaete isolated from subseafloor sediment, and emended description of the genus Spirochaeta

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2798-2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miyazaki ◽  
Sanae Sakai ◽  
Yuko Yamanaka ◽  
Yumi Saito ◽  
Ken Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Shimokita Peninsula ◽  
Unknown Lipid

An obligately anaerobic, psychrophilic spirochaete, strain MO-SPC1T, was isolated from a methanogenic microbial community grown in a continuous-flow bioreactor. Originally, this community was obtained from subseafloor sediments off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the north-western Pacific Ocean. The cells were motile, Gram-stain-negative, helical, 0.25–0.55×3.6–15 µm, with a wavelength of approximately 0.5–0.6 µm. Strain MO-SPC1T grew at 0–18 °C (optimally at 15 °C), at pH 6.0–7.5 (optimally at pH 6.8–7.0) and in 20–70 g NaCl l−1 (optimally at 30–40 NaCl l−1). The strain grew chemo-organotrophically with mono-, di- and polysaccharides. The major end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, ethanol, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The abundant polar lipids of strain MO-SPC1T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 % of the total) were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C13 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C13 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the fatty acids iso-C13 : 0 and anteiso-C13 : 0 from a species of the genus Spirochaeta . Isoprenoid quinones were not found. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain MO-SPC1T was affiliated with the genus Spirochaeta , and its closest relatives were Spirochaeta isovalerica MA-2T (95.6 % sequence identity) and Spirochaeta litoralis R1T (89.4 %). Based on its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic traits, strain MO-SPC1T is placed in a separate taxon at the level of a novel species within the genus Spirochaeta, for which the name Spirochaeta psychrophila sp. nov. is proposed, reflecting its true psychrophilic physiology. The type strain is MO-SPC1T ( = JCM 17280T = DSM 23951T). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an isolate of the phylum Spirochaetes from a deep-sea sedimentary environment, and of an obligately psychrophilic nature.

Orbus sasakiae sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the gut of the butterfly Sasakia charonda, and emended description of the genus Orbus

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Yong Kim ◽  
Jina Lee ◽  
Na-Ri Shin ◽  
Ji-Hyun Yun ◽  
Tae Woong Whon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Unidentified Phospholipid ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Major Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Sasakia Charonda

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, strain C7T, was isolated from the gut of the butterfly Sasakia charonda. Strain C7T grew optimally at 20–25 °C, at pH 7–8 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain was negative for oxidase activity but positive for catalase activity. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain C7T and Orbus hercynius CN3T shared 96.8 % similarity. The major fatty acids identified were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and summed feature 2 (comprising C14 : 0 3-OH/iso-C16 : 1). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The polar lipids of strain C7T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA extracted from strain C7T was 32.1 mol%. Taken together, the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain C7T represents a novel species of the genus Orbus , for which the name Orbus sasakiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C7T ( = KACC 16544T = JCM 18050T). An emended description of the genus Orbus is provided.

Eikenella glucosivorans sp. nov., isolated from a human throat swab, and emendation of the genus Eikenella to include saccharolytic species

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Hering ◽  
Moritz K. Jansson ◽  
Michael E. J. Buhl
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Bacterium Strain

A novel species within the genus Eikenella is described, based on the phenotypical, biochemical and genetic characterization of a strain of a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. Strain S3360T was isolated from the throat swab of a patient sampled during routine care at a hospital. Phylogenetic analyses (full-length 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences) placed the strain in the genus Eikenella , separate from all recognized species but with the closest relationship to Eikenella longinqua (NML 02-A-017T). Eikenella is one of the genera in the HACEK group known to be responsible for rare cases of endocarditis in humans. Until the recent descriptions of Eikenella exigua , Eikenella halliae and Eikenella longinqua , Eikenella corrodens had been the only validly published species in this genus since its description as Bacteroides corrodens in 1958. Unlike these species, strain S3360T is able to metabolize carbohydrates (glucose). The average nucleotide identities of strain S3360T with E. longinqua (NML 02-A-017T) and E. corrodens (NCTC 10596T), the type species of the genus, were 90.5 and 84.7 %, respectively, and the corresponding genome-to-genome distance values were 41.3 and 29.0 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain S3360T was 58.4 mol%. Based on the phenotypical, biochemical and genetic findings, strain S3360T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Eikenella , for which the name Eikenella glucosivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S3360T (DSM 110714T=CCOS 1935T=CCUG 74293T). In addition, an emendation of the genus Eikenella is proposed to include species which are saccharolytic.

Photobacterium arenosum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeraya Weerawongwiwat ◽  
Seokmin Yoon ◽  
Jong-Hwa Kim ◽  
Jung-Hoon Yoon ◽  
Jung Sook Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive bacterium, strain CAU 1568T, was isolated from marine sediment sand sampled at Sido Island in the Republic of Korea. The optimum conditions for growth were at 25–30 °C, at pH 6.5–8.5 and with 0–4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CAU 1568T was a member of the genus Photobacterium with high similarity to Photobacterium salinisoli JCM 30852T (97.7 %), Photobacterium halotolerans KACC 17089T (97.3 %) and Photobacterium galatheae LMG F28894T (97.3 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω7c and/or C18 : 1  ω6c), with Q-8 as the major of isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, two aminophospholipids and three unidentified lipids. The whole genome size of strain CAU 1568T was 4.8 Mb with 50.1 mol% G+C content; including 38 contigs and 4233 protein-coding genes. These taxonomic data support CAU 1568T as representing a novel Photobacterium species, for which the name Photobacterium arenosum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this novel species is CAU 1568T (=KCTC 82404T=MCCC 1K05668T).

scholarly journals Sulfurimonas xiamenensis sp. nov. and Sulfurimonas lithotrophica sp. nov., hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs within the Epsilonproteobacteria isolated from coastal sediments, and an emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2657-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Wang ◽  
Lijing Jiang ◽  
Xuewen Liu ◽  
Suping Yang ◽  
Zongze Shao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Emended Description

Strains 1-1NT and GYSZ_1T were isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of Xiamen, PR China. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped or slightly curved. Strain 1-1NT was non-motile, whereas strain GYSZ_1T was motile by means of one polar flagellum. The temperature, pH and salinity concentration ranges for growth of 1-1NT were 10–45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5.5–8.0 (optimum 7.0) and 0–90 g l−1 NaCl (optimum 50 g l−1), while the growth of GYSZ_1T occurred at 4–45 °C (optimum 33 °C), pH 5.0–8.5 (optimum 6.5) and 5–90 g l−1 NaCl (optimum 20 g l−1). The two novel isolates were obligate chemolithoautotrophs capable of growth using hydrogen, thiosulfate, sulfide or elemental sulfur as the sole energy source, and nitrate, elemental sulfur or molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. The major fatty acids of 1-1NT were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C18 : 0, while the predominant fatty acids of strain GYSZ_1T were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c and C14 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C contents of 1-1NT and GYSZ_1T were 34.5 mol% and 33.2 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 1-1NT and GYSZ_1T represented members of the genus Sulfurimonas , with the highest sequence similarities to Sulfurimonas crateris SN118T (97.4 %) and Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM 1251T (94.7 %), respectively. However, 1-1NT and GYSZ_1T shared 95.5 % similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences, representing different species of the genus Sulfurimonas . On the basis of the physiological properties and the results of phylogenetic analyses, including average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values, strains 1-1NT and GYSZ_1T represent two novel species within the genus Sulfurimonas , for which the names Sulfurimonas xiamenensis sp. nov. and Sulfurimonas lithotrophica sp. nov. are proposed, with the type strains 1-1NT (=MCCC 1A14514T=KCTC 15851T) and GYSZ_1T (=MCCC 1A14739T=KCTC 15853T), respectively. Our results also justify an emended description of the genus Sulfurimonas .

Xenorhabdus lircayensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema unicornum

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez ◽  
Simona Prodan ◽  
Alan Zamorano ◽  
Ernesto San-Blas ◽  
Erwin Aballay
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Species List ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Bacterium Strain

Xenorhabdus is a symbiotic group of bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae. Although the described Steirnernema species list is extensive, not all their symbiotic bacteria have been identified. One single motile, Gram-negative and non-spore-forming rod-shaped symbiotic bacterium, strain VLST, was isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema unicornum. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene determined that the VLST isolate belongs to the genus Xenorhabdus , and its closest related species is Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM 16338T (98.2 %). Deeper analyses using the whole genome for phylogenetic reconstruction indicate that VLST exhibits a unique clade in the genus. Genomic comparisons considering digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values confirms this result, showing that the VLST values are distant enough from the 70 % threshold suggested for new species, sharing 30.7, 30.5 and 30.3 % dDDH with Xenorhabdus khoisanae MCB, Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi DSM 18168T and Xenorhabdus miraniensis DSM 18168T, respectively, as the closest species. Detailed physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests of the VLST isolate reveal consistent differences from previously described Xenorhabdus species. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic approaches show that VLST represents a new species of the genus Xenorhabdus , for which the name Xenorhabdus lircayensis sp. nov. (type strain VLST=CCCT 20.04T=DSM 111583T) is proposed.

Crassaminicella thermophila sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney and emended description of the genus Crassaminicella

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Gong Li ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
Shi-Jie Bai ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Ze-Xi Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Emended Description

A novel moderately thermophilic, anaerobic, heterotrophic bacterium (strain SY095T) was isolated from a hydrothermal vent chimney located on the Southwest Indian Ridge at a depth of 2730 m. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, straight to slightly curved rods forming terminal endospores. SY095T was grown at 45–60 °C (optimum 50–55 °C), pH 6.0–7.5 (optimum 7.0), and in a salinity of 1–4.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2.5 %). Substrates utilized by SY095T included fructose, glucose, maltose, N-acetyl glucosamine and tryptone. Casamino acid and amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, lysine, methionine, serine and histidine) were also utilized. The main end products from glucose fermentation were acetate, H2 and CO2. Elemental sulphur, sulphate, thiosulphate, sulphite, fumarate, nitrate, nitrite and Fe(III) were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0 (60.5%) and C16 : 0 (7.6 %). The main polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. No respiratory quinones were detected. The chromosomal DNA G+C content was 30.8 mol%. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that SY095T was closely related to Crassaminicella profunda Ra1766HT (95.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). SY095T exhibited 78.1 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) to C. profunda Ra1766HT. The in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) value indicated that SY095T shared 22.7 % DNA relatedness with C. profunda Ra1766HT. On the basis of its phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, SY095T is suggested to represent a novel species of the genus Crassaminicella , for which the name Crassaminicella thermophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SY095T (=JCM 34213=MCCC 1K04191). An emended description of the genus Crassaminicella is also proposed.

Acidovorax antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample of Collins Glacier front, Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xiaoya Peng ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Yongping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Fildes Peninsula ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Glacier Front ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Sequence Similarities

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and aerobic bacterium, strain 16-35-5T, was isolated from Collins Glacier front soil from the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. The bacterium grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0–4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analyses, it was concluded that 16-35-5T represented a member of the genus Acidovorax and had the highest sequence similarities with Acidovorax anthurii CFBP 3232T (96.48 %). The genome of 16-35-5T is 4.2 Mb long with a DNA G+C content of 66.3 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between the genomes of 16-35-5T and Acidovorax wautersii DSM 27981T, was 85.29 %. Strain 16-35-5T had ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the respiratory ubiquinone. The polar lipids of 16-35-5T were consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The main fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 25.2 %), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, 12.9 %), C16 : 0 (35.2 %), and C17 : 0 cyclo (19.0 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, 16-35-5T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Acidovorax , for which the name Acidovorax antarcticus sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain 16-35-5T (=CCTCC AB 2019325T=KCTC 72915T).

scholarly journals Descriptions of Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris sp. nov., Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris sp. nov., and emended description of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 1790-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Venkata Ramana ◽  
S. Kalyana Chakravarthy ◽  
P. Shalem Raj ◽  
B. Vinay Kumar ◽  
E. Shobha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Type Strains

Four strains (JA310T, JA531T, JA447 and JA490) of red to reddish brown pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from soil and freshwater sediment samples from different geographical regions of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The major cellular fatty acid of strains JA310T and JA531T was C18 : 1ω7c, the quinone was Q-10 and polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an aminohopanoid and an unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strains JA531T, JA447 and JA490 were genotypically (>80 % related based on DNA–DNA hybridization) and phenotypically closely related to each other and the three strains were distinct from strain JA310T (33 % related). Furthermore, all four strains had less than 48 % relatedness (DNA–DNA hybridization) with type strains of members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas , i.e. Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC 17001T, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis JCM 11668T and Rhodopseudomonas rhenobacensis DSM 12706T. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains JA310T and JA531T were 63.8 and 62.4 mol%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that strains JA310T ( = NBRC 106083T = KCTC 5839T) and JA531T ( = NBRC 107575T = KCTC 5841T) be classified as the type strains of two novel species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas , Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae sp. nov., respectively. In addition, we propose that strain DSM 123T ( = NBRC 100419T) represents a novel species, Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris sp. nov., since this strain differs genotypically and phenotypically from R. palustris ATCC 17001T and other members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas . An emended description of R. palustris is also provided.

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