scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility and virulence of Candida parapsilosis species complex: an overview of their pathogenic potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Jamille Alencar Sales ◽  
Maria Lucilene Queiroz da Silva ◽  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
Lucas de Alencar Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

scholarly journals Identification of Candida parapsilosis Species Complex and Lodderomyces elongisporus Isolates with MALDI-TOF MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Kaplan ◽  
Ayşe Sultan Karakoyun ◽  
Deniz Alkaya ◽  
Nevzat Ünal ◽  
Aylin Döğen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Tof Ms

Objective: Candida parapsilosis species complex and Lodderomyces elongisporus may have differences in terms of their virulence, prevalence, and antifungal susceptibility profiles. These species are difficult to identify with biochemical methods. Therefore, there is a need for more efficient identification methods in terms of time, cost, and applicability. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the MALDI-TOF MS method in discriminating between isolates belonging to the C. parapsilosis species complex and L. elongisporus. Method: In the current study, a total of 32 reference strains, including the C. parapsilosis (n=8), Candida orthopsilosis (n=7), Candida metapsilosis (n=6), and L. elongisporus (n=11) species were identified using the MALDI-TOF MS method. Results: The species names of 31 (93.7%) isolates belonging to the C. parapsilosis species complex and L.elongisporus were correctly identified. Twenty four isolates including eight (100%) C. parapsilosis, five (83%) C. metapsilosis, five (71%) C. orthopsilosis, and six (54%) L. elongisporus isolates were identified with score values ranging from 1.7 to 2.14. According to the secure identification reference score of ≥ 1.7, the sensitivity and specificity of the MALDI-TOF MS method were determined as 54.5–100% and 96.3–100%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the MALDI-TOF MS method has been shown to be effective in the rapid molecular phenotypic diagnosis of species that were difficult to discriminate using biochemical methods such as C. parapsilosis species complex and L. elongisporus, there is a clear need to optimize the method and develop a larger MS library for species-level identification within secure score ranges.

Candidaemia due to Candida parapsilosis species complex at a hospital in Brazil: Clinical characteristics and antifungal susceptibility profile

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora de Souza Olartechea de Alencar ◽  
Rosianne Assis de Sousa Tsujisaki ◽  
Fernanda Luiza Espinosa Spositto ◽  
Maína de Oliveira Nunes ◽  
Adriana Araújo de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility

scholarly journals Comparison of Cryptococcus gattii/neoformans Species Complex to Related Genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) Reveal Variances in Virulence Associated Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Sarita de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Luciana Magalhães Pinto ◽  
Mariana Araújo Paulo de Medeiros ◽  
Dena L. Toffaletti ◽  
Jennifer L. Tenor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Clinical Series

Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by encapsulated yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. The genus Cryptococcus includes several species distributed around the world. The C. gattii/neoformans species complex is largely responsible for most cases of cryptococcosis. However, clinical series have been published of infections caused by Papiliotrema (Cryptococcus) laurentii and Naganishia albida (Cryptococcus albidus), among other related genera. Here, we examined the pathogenic potential and antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) and related genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) isolated from environmental and clinical samples. P. laurentii (clade III), N. liquefasciens/N. albidosimilis (clade IV); and N. adeliensis/N. albida (clade V) strains produced higher levels of phospholipase and hemolysins, whereas the C. gattii/neoformans species complex strains (clades I and II) had markedly thicker capsules, produced more biofilm biomass and melanin, which are known virulence attributes. Interestingly, 40% of C. neoformans strains (clade II) had MICs above the ECV established for this species to amphotericin B. Several non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) had MICs equal to or above the ECVs established for C. deuterogattii and C. neoformans for all the three antifungal drugs tested. Finally, all the non-C. gattii/neoformans clinical isolates (clades III to V) produced more melanin than the environmental isolates might reflect their particularly enhanced need for melanin during in vivo protection. It is very clear that C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) strains, in general, show more similar virulence phenotypes between each other when compared to non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) isolates. These observations together with the fact that P. laurentii and Naganishia spp. (clades III to V) strains were collected from the outside of a University Hospital, identify features of these yeasts important for environmental and patient colonization and furthermore, define mechanisms for infections with these uncommon pathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis Species Complex in Eastern China: A 15-Year Retrospective Study by ECIFIG

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Dan Qiao ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type Rate ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Wild Type Rate

Candida parapsilosis complex is one of the most common non-albicans Candida species that cause candidemia, especially invasive candidiasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibilities of both colonized and invasive clinical C. parapsilosis complex isolates to 10 drugs: amphotericin (AMB), anidulafungin (AFG), caspofungin (CAS), micafungin (MFG), fluconazole (FLZ), voriconazole (VRZ), itraconazole (ITZ), posaconazole (POZ), 5-flucytosine (FCY), and isaconazole (ISA). In total, 884 C. parapsilosis species complex isolates were gathered between January 2005 and December 2020. C. parapsilosis, Candida metapsilosis, and Candida orthopsilosis accounted for 86.3, 8.1, and 5.5% of the cryptic species, respectively. The resistance/non-wild-type rate of bloodstream C. parapsilosis to the drugs was 3.5%, of C. metapsilosis to AFG and CAS was 7.7%, and of C. orthopsilosis to FLZ and VRZ was 15% and to CAS, MFG, and POZ was 5%. The geometric mean (GM) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of non-bloodstream C. parapsilosis for CAS (0.555 mg/L), MFG (0.853 mg/L), FLZ (0.816 mg/L), VRZ (0.017 mg/L), ITZ (0.076 mg/L), and POZ (0.042 mg/L) were significantly higher than those of bloodstream C. parapsilosis, for which the GM MICs were 0.464, 0.745, 0.704, 0.015, 0.061, and 0.033 mg/L, respectively (P < 0.05). The MIC distribution of the bloodstream C. parapsilosis strains collected from 2019 to 2020 for VRZ, POZ, and ITZ were 0.018, 0.040, and 0.073 mg/L, significantly higher than those from 2005 to 2018, which were 0.013, 0.028, and 0.052 mg/L (P < 0.05). Additionally, MIC distributions of C. parapsilosis with FLZ and the distributions of C. orthopsilosis with ITZ and POZ might be higher than those in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute studies. Furthermore, a total of 143 C. parapsilosis complex isolates showed great susceptibility to ISA. Overall, antifungal treatment of the non-bloodstream C. parapsilosis complex isolates should be managed and improved. The clinicians are suggested to pay more attention on azoles usage for the C. parapsilosis complex isolates. In addition, establishing the epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for azoles used in Eastern China may offer better guidance for clinical treatments. Although ISA acts on the same target as other azoles, it may be used as an alternative therapy for cases caused by FLZ- or VRZ-resistant C. parapsilosis complex strains.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm-related genes expression in planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida parapsilosis species complex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Modiri ◽  
Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Roshanak Daie Ghazvini ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis complex isolates are mainly responsible for nosocomial catheter-related infection in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is regarded as one of the most pertinent key virulence factors in the development of these emerging infections. The present study aimed to compare in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and biofilm-related genes expression ratio in planktonic and biofilm’s cells of clinically C. parapsilosis complex isolates.Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on a number of 17 clinical C. parapsilosis complex (10 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 5 C. orthopsilosis, and 2 C. metapsilosis). The antifungal susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in planktonic and biofilm forms were closely examined using CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The expression levels of biofilm-related genes (BCR1, EFG1, and FKS1) were evaluated in planktonic and biofilm’s cells using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.Results: The obtained results indicated that all C. parapsilosis complex isolates were able to produce high and moderate amounts of biofilm forms. In addition, the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported to be high for fluconazole (≥ 64 μg/ml), itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (≥ 16 μg/ml), as compared to planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antifungal susceptibility patterns for all azole antifungal agents (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BCR1 overexpression was considered significant in biofilms with regard to planktonic cells in C. parapsilosis species complex (P=0.002).Conclusion: C. parapsilosis complex isolates were found susceptible to most of the tested antifungal drugs, while biofilms demonstrated a noticeable resistant to azoles. The marked discrepancy noted in antifungal susceptibility patterns among these species should be highlighted to achieve effective therapeutic treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis bloodstream isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Xavier Bonfietti ◽  
Marilena dos Anjos Martins ◽  
Maria Walderez Szeszs ◽  
Sandra Brasil Stolf Pukiskas ◽  
Sonia Ueda Purisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

scholarly journals Candida parapsilosis Candidemia Resistance Patterns and Treatment Outcomes: An Opportunity for Antifungal Stewardship

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S86-S86
Author(s):  
Gary Fong ◽  
Kim Ngo ◽  
Hannah Russo ◽  
Nicholas Beyda
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Fluconazole Therapy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Candida parapsilosis has emerged as an important fungal pathogen with mortality rates up to 30%. Recent studies show no difference in treatment outcomes for patients treated both empirically and definitively with either echinocandins or fluconazole. However, the impact of antifungal susceptibility testing and opportunities for antifungal stewardship are less clear in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to assess antifungal susceptibility rates, treatment patterns, and outcomes among patients with C. parapsilosis candidemia. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort review of adult patients with a positive blood culture for C. parapsilosis hospitalized at Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center, between 2006 and 2016. Patients with mixed or breakthrough candidemia were excluded as well as patients who expired within 3 days of candidemia onset. Results Eighty patients with C. parapsilosis candidemia were identified of which 48 met inclusion criteria. Nine patients had infections caused by fluconazole non-susceptible isolates (19%). The most common empiric treatment choice was an echinocandin (33/48, 69%), followed by fluconazole (9/48, 19%), and combination therapy (6/48, 13%). Of the 39 patients with fluconazole susceptible isolates, only 17 were treated with fluconazole definitively (44%). Among patients who received empiric echinocandin vs. fluconazole therapy, there was no difference in 14-day mortality (9% vs. 11%, P = 1.00) or in-hospital mortality (12% vs. 11%, P = 1.00). Empiric combination therapy was the only independent risk factor for treatment failure (OR, 13.8; 95% CI, 1.4–138.3; P = 0.03). Conclusion Treatment outcomes for patients receiving echinocandins were similar for those receiving fluconazole. At our institution, the increased incidence of fluconazole non-susceptible isolates warrants the use of echinocandins empirically. Patients were more likely to remain on echinocandin therapy even when fluconazole susceptible isolates were identified. This study reinforces the guideline suggestion that neither echinocandins nor fluconazole treatment leads to superior outcomes, but also identifies a cohort of patients in need of antifungal stewardship. Disclosures N. Beyda, Astellas: Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Research grant

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