scholarly journals Bayesian reconstruction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission networks in a high incidence area over two decades in Malawi reveals associated risk factors and genomic variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sobkowiak ◽  
Louis Banda ◽  
Themba Mzembe ◽  
Amelia C. Crampin ◽  
Judith R. Glynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Bayesian Reconstruction ◽  
Genomic Variants ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
High Incidence Area

Tuberculosis risk factors and Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission among HIV-infected patients in Vietnam

Tuberculosis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Quynh Mai ◽  
Elena Martinez ◽  
Ranjeeta Menon ◽  
Nguyen Thi Van Anh ◽  
Nguyen Tran Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Tuberculosis Risk

scholarly journals Assessment of Extrapyramidal Symptoms Associated with Psychotropics Pharmacological Treatments, and Associated Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dania Abu-Naser ◽  
Sara Gharaibeh ◽  
Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani ◽  
Qais Alefan ◽  
Renad Abunaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) are unwanted symptoms commonly originating from the use of certain medications. The symptoms can range from minimal discomfort to permanent involuntary muscular movements. The aims of the study were to examine the incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS), associated risk factors, and clinical characteristics. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study of di-EPS conducted in outpatient clinics of Jordan using the longitudinal health database (Hakeem®) for data collection. Patients who received drugs with the risk of EPS during the period 2010-2020 were included and followed. Patients with any of the known underlying conditions that may cause EPS or were currently taking drugs that may mask the symptoms were excluded. Gender and age-matched control subjects were included in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: The final dataset included 34898 exposed patients and 69796 matched controls. The incidence of di-EPS ranged from 9.8% [Amitriptyline 25mg] to 28.9% (Imipramine 25mg). Baseline factors associated with a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS were age {HR: 1.1 [95%CI: 0.8-1.2, p=0.003], smoking {HR: 1.7 (95%CI: 1.3-2.2), p=0.02}, tremor history {HR: 7.4 (95%CI: 5.9-8.3), p=.002} and history of taking antipsychotics {HR: 3.9, (95% CI: 2.5-4.6), p=0.001}. Patients taking paroxetine {HR: 8.6 [95%CI: 7.4-9.8], p=.0002},imipramine {HR: 8.3, [7.1-10.5], p=0.01}, or fluoxetine {HR: 8.2 (95%CI: 6.8-9.3), p=.006} had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram. Myoclonus, blepharospasm, symptoms of the basal ganglia dysfunction, and organic writers' cramp were reported among participants. Conclusion: Patients treated with paroxetine, imipramine, fluoxetine, or clomipramine had a higher risk of developing di-EPS than patients treated with citalopram. The difference in gender was not significantly related to di-EPS development. Whereas age, smoking, and history of taking antipsychotics were significantly associated with di-EPS development. Key findings: • High incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS) was reported • Age, smoking, tremor history, and history of taking antipsychotics were risk factors of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. • Patients taking paroxetine, imipramine or fluoxetine had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram

scholarly journals A high incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after pancreaticoduodenectomy and the associated risk factors

HPB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S281
Author(s):  
C. Chamnan ◽  
T. Ruengsawang ◽  
A. Thepbunchonchai ◽  
W. Inthasotti ◽  
K. Chaiyabutr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for oesophageal cancer in a high incidence area in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikash Sewram ◽  
Freddy Sitas ◽  
Dianne O’Connell ◽  
Jonny Myers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Area

Risk factors for hip fracture in a high incidence area: A case-control study from Oslo, Norway

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Meyer ◽  
C. Henriksen ◽  
J. A. Falch ◽  
J. I. Pedersen ◽  
A. Tverdal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Control Study ◽  
High Incidence Area

scholarly journals Regional Variation on Rates of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Associated Risk Factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ximena Rojas ◽  
Mario Augusto Rojas ◽  
Juan Manuel Lozano ◽  
Martín Alonso Rondón ◽  
Laura Patricia Charry
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Respiratory Management ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Background. An abnormally high incidence (44%) of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with variations in rates among cities was observed in Colombia among premature infants. Objective. To identify risk factors that could explain the observed high incidence and regional variations of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Study Design. A case-control study was designed for testing the hypothesis that differences in the disease rates were not explained by differences in city-of-birth specific population characteristics or by differences in respiratory management practices in the first 7 days of life, among cities. Results. Multivariate analysis showed that premature rupture of membranes, exposure to mechanical ventilation after received nasal CPAP, no surfactant exposure, use of rescue surfactant (instead of early surfactant), PDA, sepsis and the median daily FIO2, were associated with a higher risk of dysplasia. Significant differences between cases and controls were found among cities. Models exploring for associations between city of birth and dysplasia showed that being born in the highest altitude city (Bogotá) was associated with a higher risk of dysplasia (OR 1.82 95% CI 1.31–2.53). Conclusions. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was manly explained by traditional risk factors. Findings suggest that altitude may play an important role in the development of this disease. Prenatal steroids did not appear to be protective at high altitude.

Study on Bovine Trypanosomosis and Associated Risk Factors in Chora District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Alemitu Adisu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Bovine Trypanosomosis is one of the most parsimoniously challenging diseases in influencing mammals like cattle and it is a grave haemoprotozoan disease triggered by different species of unicellular eukaryotic parasite of the genus trypanosome. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, and the influence of associated risk factors on cattle reared in Chora district of Buno Bedele Zone. A Blood sample was collected from a total of 401 cattle of age ranges from 1 to 6 years. The presence of parasites from sampled blood was examined using a method of Buffy Coat Technique and a technique of Giemsa-stained thin blood films was used to identify the existing trypanosome species in the study area. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of collected blood samples was determined using haematocrit. A total of 50 traps were deployed to study the entomological survey. In general, 2.99 % of the studied cattle were infected with Trypanosomosis and the T.Vivax (58.33%) was the dominant species of trypanosomosis and followed by T. congulense (41.67%) in the study area. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed due to associated risk factors viz. Body Condition and age of cattle, whereas sampling sites and sex did not significantly affect the prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis. The mean PCV value of Parasitaemic and Aparasitaemic animals were 21.37 ± 0.19 and 27.89 ± 0.16, respectively and they were statistically different at (P< 0.05). Overall of 0.80 flies per trap per day was recorded from the study area and among the caught flies of Glossina species, 10%, 54% and 36% of them were, G.tachinoides, G.pallidipes and G.fuscipes, respectively. Therefore, the veterinarian’s has to continue providing the appropriate medication/treatment for the infected animals per appropriate recommendation and Bedele NTTICC has to take more focus to control the density and distribution of tsetse flies as well as biting flies for the transmission of high incidence of T. Vivax through mechanical ways of transmission of the disease.

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