Reassortants of pandemic influenza A virus H1N1/2009 and endemic porcine HxN2 viruses emerge in swine populations in Germany

The incursion of the human pandemic influenza A virus H1N1 (2009) (H1N1 pdm) into pig populations and its ongoing co-circulation with endemic swine influenza viruses (SIVs) has yielded distinct human–porcine reassortant virus lineages. The haemagglutinin (HA) gene of H1N1 pdm was detected in 41 influenza virus-positive samples from seven swine herds in north-west Germany in 2011. Eight of these samples yielded virus that carried SIV-derived neuraminidase N2 of three different porcine lineages in an H1N1 pdm backbone. The HA sequences of these viruses clustered in two distinct groups and were distinguishable from human and other porcine H1 pdm by a unique set of eight non-synonymous mutations. In contrast to the human population, where H1N1 pdm replaced seasonal H1N1, this virus seems to co-circulate and interact more intensely with endemic SIV lineages, giving rise to reassortants with as-yet-unknown biological properties and undetermined risks for public health.

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Human monoclonal antibodies derived from a patient infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A virus broadly cross-neutralize group 1 influenza viruses

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.060 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 450 (1) ◽

pp. 42-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yang Pan ◽

Tadahiro Sasaki ◽

Ritsuko Kubota-Koketsu ◽

Yuji Inoue ◽

Mayo Yasugi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Group 1

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One-step real-time RT-PCR for pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 matrix gene detection in swine samples

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.12.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 164 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Alessio Lorusso ◽

Kay S. Faaberg ◽

Mary Lea Killian ◽

Leo Koster ◽

Amy L. Vincent

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Virus H1n1 ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Gene Detection ◽

Matrix Gene ◽

One Step

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Evidence of Cross-Reactive Immunity to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A Virus in Workers Seropositive to Swine H1N1 Influenza Viruses Circulating in Italy

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0057576 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e57576 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maria A. De Marco ◽

Stefano Porru ◽

Paolo Cordioli ◽

Bruno M. Cesana ◽

Ana Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses

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Infection with 2010 pandemic influenza a virus H1N1 in pregnancy: a study of hospitalised cases

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition ◽

10.1136/fetalneonatal-2012-301809.146 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 97 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A46.2-A46

Author(s):

J Ahmed ◽

N Mohammed ◽

M Johnson

Keyword(s):

Influenza A Virus ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Virus H1n1 ◽

In Pregnancy

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A single dose vaccination with an elastase-dependent H1N1 live attenuated swine influenza virus protects pigs from challenge with 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.2478/acve-2014-0002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 10-23

Author(s):

Aleksandar Mašić ◽

Niziti Woldeab ◽

Carissa Embury-Hyatt ◽

Yan Zhou ◽

Shawn Babiuk

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Single Dose ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Influenza A ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Swine Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Intranasal Route

Abstract The 2009 outbreak of H1N1 influenza A viruses in humans underscored the importance of pigs in influenza A virus evolution and the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. In addition, influenza A virus infections continued to cause production losses in the agricultural industry resulting in a significant drop of profit. The primary method to control influenza A virus infections in pigs is through vaccination. Previously we demonstrated that two doses of an elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus administered by either the intratracheal or intranasal route can provide a high degree of protection in pigs against challenge with both homologous and different heterologous swine influenza viruses. Here we report the protection efficacy of a single dose elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus administered by the intranasal route against challenge with homologous subtypic H1N1 2009 pandemic swine-like influenza virus. Protection was observed in the absence of neutralizing antibodies specific for H1N1 2009 in sera.

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Epidemiological Surveillance of Influenza Virus Matrix Gene in Pigs, in Lagos, Nigeria, 2015-2016

Annals of Science and Technology ◽

10.2478/ast-2018-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin ◽

Olumuyiwa B. Salu ◽

Akeeb O.B. Oyefolu ◽

Bamidele O. Oke ◽

James B. Ayorinde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Viral Gene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Matrix Gene

AbstractThe co-infection of different influenza A virus enable viral gene re-assortments especially in pigs that serve as mixing vessel with the possibility of emergence of novel subtypes. Such re-assortants pose serious public health threat, as epitomised by the emergence of pandemic influenza in 2009. In Nigeria, there is mixture of animal species and highly populated densities that can increase the risk of influenza virus endemicity, genetic reshuffling and emergence of future pandemic influenza viruses. Thus, this study was aimed at determining influenza virus disease burden in pigs. This study was a cross sectional molecular surveillance of influenza virus. A total of 194 pig nasal samples from reported cases and randomly sampled were collected from pig farms in Ojo and Ikorodu in Lagos State between October, 2015 and April, 2016. The samples were investigated for the presence of influenza virus matrix gene by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction and detected by gel electrophoresis. P-values were calculated using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The result showed that 25 (12.9%) samples were positive for influenza A virus, out of which, 20 (80%) were samples from Ojo while 5 (20%) were samples from Ikorodu. Epidemiological parameters for the sampled locations, methods either as reported case or randomised, and sex compared were significant at 95% confidence interval. This study determined influenza viral burden in pigs with a molecular prevalence of 12.9% to influenza A. It further confirmed the sub-clinical and clinical circulation of Influenza A virus in pigs in Ojo and Ikorodu in Lagos. Therefore, the detection of influenza A virus in commercial pigs in Nigeria accentuates the importance of continuous surveillance and monitoring of the virus in order to prevent the advent of virulent strains that may spread to Pig-handlers and the community at large.

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