scholarly journals A defect in carbohydrate metabolism ameliorates symptom severity in virus-infected Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Handford ◽  
John P. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leaf Symptoms ◽  
Severe Leaf

Altered starch accumulation is a characteristic biochemical symptom of virus infection in plants. To assess its biological importance, infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with Turnip vein-clearing virus, Cucumber mosaic virus or Cauliflower mosaic virus was investigated in plants grown under continuous illumination (under which there is no net breakdown of starch) and in pgm1 mutant plants lacking chloroplastic phosphoglucomutase, an enzyme required for starch biosynthesis. Virus-infected wild-type plants grown under continuous light exhibited more severe leaf symptoms, but no reduction in growth compared with plants grown under diurnal illumination. Comparing lines grown in perpetual light, pgm1 mutant plants displayed less severe symptoms than the wild-type controls. However, accumulation of all three viruses was similar in wild-type and mutant plants and was unaffected by the light regime. The results show that, although changes in starch accumulation during infection are not required for successful viral infection, carbohydrate metabolism does influence symptom development.

scholarly journals The Avirulence Domain of Cauliflower mosaic virus Transactivator/Viroplasmin Is a Determinant of Viral Virulence in Susceptible Hosts

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kappei Kobayashi ◽  
Thomas Hohn
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Host Defense Response ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) transactivator/viroplasmin (Tav) is a multifunctional protein essential for basic replication of CaMV. It also plays a role in viral pathogenesis in crucifer and solanaceous host plants. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that N- and C-terminal parts of Tav are not essential for CaMV replication in transfected protoplasts. Two deletion mutants having only minimal defects in basic replication were infectious in turnips but only with highly attenuated virulence. This was shown to be due to delayed virus spread within the inoculated leaves and to the upper leaves. Unlike the wild-type virus, the mutant viruses successfully spread locally without inducing a host defense response in inoculated Datura stramonium leaves, but did not spread systemically. These results provide the first evidence that a Tav domain required for avirulence function in solanaceous plants is not essential for CaMV infectivity but has a role in viral virulence in susceptible hosts.

scholarly journals The 5′ Third of Cauliflower mosaic virus Gene VI Conditions Resistance Breakage in Arabidopsis Ecotype Tsu-0

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Agama ◽  
S. Beach ◽  
J. Schoelz ◽  
S. M. Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Gene ◽  
Arabidopsis Ecotype ◽  
Passive Mechanism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes vary in their responses to viruses. In this study, we analyzed the variation in response of A. thaliana ecotype Tsu-0 to Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). This ecotype was previously reported to be resistant to two CaMV isolates (CM1841 and CM4-184), but susceptible to W260. In this study, we show that Tsu-0 is resistant to four additional CaMV isolates. CaMV propagated within the rosette leaves of Tsu-0 plants, but did not appear to spread systemically into the inflorescence. However, virus viability in rosette leaves of Tsu-0 plants apparently was not compromised because infectious CaMV could be recovered from these organs. W260 overcomes Tsu-0 resistance by a passive mechanism (i.e., this virus avoids activating plant defenses). The portion of the viral genome responsible for W260 resistance breakage was mapped to the 5′ third of gene VI, which we have termed RBR-1. This region is also responsible for controlling the ability of CaMV to infect different types of solanaceous plants. Hence, the pathways by which plants of different families interact with CaMV may be conserved through evolution.

Limitations on the use of fused green fluorescent protein to investigate structure–function relationships for the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1851-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole L. Thomas ◽  
Andrew J. Maule
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tubule Formation ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Green Fluorescent

To investigate the process of tubule formation for the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein (CaMV MP), the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to the MP to provide a vital marker for MP location after expression in insect cells. In contrast to the long tubular structures seen previously following baculovirus-based expression of the wild-type MP, the fusion protein produced only aggregates of fluorescing material in the cytoplasm. However, by co-expressing wild-type MP and GFP–MP, or by engineering their co-accumulation by introducing a foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A cleavage sequence between GFP and MP, long GFP-fluorescing tubules were formed. The experiments suggest that the presence of GFP at the N or C terminus of the tubule-forming domain of the CaMV MP places steric constraints upon the aggregation of the MP into a tubule but that this can be overcome by providing wild-type protein for inclusion in the aggregate.

scholarly journals Natural variation of Arabidopsis thaliana responses to Cauliflower mosaic virus infection upon water deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e1008557
Author(s):  
Sandy E. Bergès ◽  
François Vasseur ◽  
Alexis Bediée ◽  
Gaëlle Rolland ◽  
Diane Masclef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for the study of plant–virus co-evolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1548) ◽  
pp. 1983-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pagán ◽  
Aurora Fraile ◽  
Elena Fernandez-Fueyo ◽  
Nuria Montes ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Virus Genotypes

Understanding plant–virus coevolution requires wild systems in which there is no human manipulation of either host or virus. To develop such a system, we analysed virus infection in six wild populations of Arabidopsis thaliana in Central Spain. The incidence of five virus species with different life-styles was monitored during four years, and this was analysed in relation to the demography of the host populations. Total virus incidence reached 70 per cent, which suggests a role of virus infection in the population structure and dynamics of the host, under the assumption of a host fitness cost caused by the infection. Maximum incidence occurred at early growth stages, and co-infection with different viruses was frequent, two factors often resulting in increased virulence. Experimental infections under controlled conditions with two isolates of the most prevalent viruses, cauliflower mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus, showed that there is genetic variation for virus accumulation, although this depended on the interaction between host and virus genotypes. Comparison of Q ST -based genetic differentiations between both host populations with F ST genetic differentiation based on putatively neutral markers suggests different selection dynamics for resistance against different virus species or genotypes. Together, these results are compatible with a hypothesis of plant–virus coevolution.

scholarly journals Components of Arabidopsis Defense- and Ethylene-Signaling Pathways Regulate Susceptibility to Cauliflower mosaic virus by Restricting Long-Distance Movement

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Love ◽  
Valérie Laval ◽  
Chiara Geri ◽  
Janet Laird ◽  
A. Deri Tomos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Systemic Spread

We analyzed the susceptibility of Arabidopsis mutants with defects in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling to infection by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Mutants cpr1-1 and cpr5-2, in which SA-dependent defense signaling is activated constitutively, were substantially more resistant than the wild type to systemic infection, implicating SA signaling in defense against CaMV. However, SA-deficient NahG, sid2-2, eds5-1, and pad4-1 did not show enhanced susceptibility. A cpr5 eds5 double mutant also was resistant, suggesting that resistance in cpr5 may function partially independently of SA. Treatment of cpr5 and cpr5 eds5, but not cpr1, with salicyl-hydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of alternative oxidase, partially restored susceptibility to wild-type levels. Mutants etr1-1, etr1-3, and ein2-1, and two mutants with lesions in ET/JA-mediated defense, eds4 and eds8, also showed reduced virus susceptibility, demonstrating that ET-dependent responses also play a role in susceptibility. We used a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing CaMV recombinant to monitor virus movement. In mutants with reduced susceptibility, cpr1-1, cpr5-2, and etr1-1, CaMV-GFP formed local lesions similar to the wild type, but systemic spread was almost completely absent in cpr1 and cpr5 and was substantially reduced in etr1-1. Thus, mutations with enhanced systemic acquired resistance or compromised ET signaling show diminished long-distance virus movement.

scholarly journals Host Suppressors in Arabidopsis thaliana of Mutations in the Movement Protein Gene of Cauliflower mosaic virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton S. Callaway ◽  
Zhong Huang ◽  
Stephen H. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Movement Protein Gene ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Made In

A novel genetic screen was used to identify host factors in Arabidopsis thaliana that suppress mutations in the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) movement protein gene (gene I). A series of small mutations was made in gene I and the mutations were tested for their suitability in a suppressor screen. The first round of screening yielded only revertants or second-site mutations in gene I. A derivative of one of the second-site mutant viruses (N7) that was delayed in symptom production was used in a second round of screening for suppressor plants that accelerated symptom production. Two candidate suppressor plants were found that accelerated by 1 to 4 days the first appearance of symptoms caused by the mutant viruses. One of the suppressors (5-2), called asc1 (acceleration of symptoms by CaMV N7), was mapped to chromosome 1. Two additional loci that differentially affect N7 virus susceptibility in the parental Columbia and Ler ecotypes were mapped to chromosomes 3 and 4 by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis.

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