scholarly journals Carrizo citrange Plants Do Not Require the Presence of Roots to Modulate the Response to Osmotic Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Pérez-Clemente ◽  
Almudena Montoliu ◽  
Sara I. Zandalinas ◽  
Carlos de Ollas ◽  
Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Adverse Condition ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Citrus Rootstock

The study of the effects of a specific stress condition on the performance of plants grown under field conditions is difficult due to interactions among multiple abiotic and biotic factors affecting the system.In vitrotissue-culture-based techniques allow the study of each adverse condition independently and also make possible to investigate the performance of genotypes of interest under stress conditions avoiding the effect of the root. In this paper, the response of Carrizo citrange, a commercial citrus rootstock, to osmotic stress was evaluated by culturingin vitrointact plants and micropropagated shoots. The osmotic stress was generated by adding two different concentrations of polyethyleneglycol to the culture media. Different parameters such as plant performance, organ length, antioxidant activities, and endogenous contents of proline, malondialdehyde, and hormones were determined. Differently to that observed under high salinity, when subjected to osmotic stress conditions, Carrizo citrange showed increased endogenous levels of MDA, proline, and ABA. These results evidence that the mechanisms of response of Carrizo citrange to saline or osmotic stress are different. The presence of roots was not necessary to activate any of the plant responses which indicates that the organs involved in the stress perception and signaling depends on the type of adverse condition to which plants are subjected.

scholarly journals Water Status of Garlic Callus under Various Salt and Osmotic Stress Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Yukihiro Fujime ◽  
Satoshi Terabayashi ◽  
Shuichi Date
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Salt And Osmotic Stress

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) calli in vitro were evaluated over a range of salt concentrations and by adding mannitol to culture medium with reduced salt to provide equivalent osmoticum. The water potential of the medium ranged from -0.27 to -0.73 MPa under the various salt and osmotic stress conditions. The percent increase in calli was highest in standard Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium and was reduced when MS salts were reduced but the water potential of medium was adjusted to that of standard MS medium by addition of mannitol. The water potential of callus tissue was similar to that of tissue culture media over a 20-fold range (10% to 200%) of MS concentrations. Turgor of callus tissue was not influenced by any stress conditions. These results indicate that the optimum concentration of salt and water status of medium for formation of garlic calli was provided by standard MS medium.

scholarly journals In vitro seed germination response of corn hybrids to osmotic stress conditions

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hunt Walne ◽  
Annabeth Gaudin ◽  
W. Brien Henry ◽  
Kambham Raja Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Germination Response

Relationship between auxins and cytokinins in the growth and organogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Grecco a Palla’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Felipe Górski ◽  
Geysiane Moreira Gerotti ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Vitro Development

The in vitro development of a plant is controlled by factors that promote a series of plant responses, which interfere with tissue organogenesis and morphology. For plants of the family Lamiaceae, these factors remain unknown or poorly understood, hindering in vitro cultivation of these plants. The basil cultivar ‘Grecco a palla’ has attractive chemical properties for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries; however, its production is limited due to the lack of appropriate cultivation conditions. Two types of explants of this species (nodal segments and stem apexes) were grown in culture media with auxin and cytokinin, and their development was followed for 60 days. During in vitro cultivation, both explants were subjected to higher concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) produced only calluses, without induction of shoots. Small amounts of regulators favored hyperhydricity as nodal segments or stem apexes in the absence of PGRs produced plants with disturbances, including brittle, light green, and thick leaves. In this case, there was an increase in the cell layers of palisade parenchyma, which had large cell spaces and larger cells. This tissue also advanced to spongy parenchyma and compressed it. The stomatal density was low; however, the stomata were larger with additions mainly in the guard cells and the stomatic opening. Therefore, stem apexes in the absence of PGRs produced more vigorous plants, whereas nodal segments with low amounts of cytokinins and auxins developed a well-branched and abundant root system.

scholarly journals Effect of in vitro and in vivo induction of polyethelene glycol-mediated osmotic stress on hybrid taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Madhumita DasGupta ◽  
Archana Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Polyethelene Glycol

Taro hybrid TSL (Topi X Satasankha), along with its parental lines, was evaluated for stress tolerance under in vitro and in vivo polyethelene glycol (PEG) -mediated osmotic stress conditions. Aseptic cultures were raised in vitro under control and PEG-mediated stress conditions. Stress index for survival and growth parameters like rooting ability in cultures and number of leaves produced per plantlet revealed the better response of hybrid lineTSL than its parental lines. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to pots for evaluation of morpho-physico-biochemical parameters under PEG-mediated osmotic stress conditions. Significant variations were observed in stress index for plant height. number of leaves, leaf area, % relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll stability mdex (CSI), % injury by dessication and yield. Decline in biochemical traits like protein content but increase in catalase and peroxidase activities was observed under the osmotic stress conditions. Less variation in morpho-physico-biochemical characters were recorded in TSL under stress conditions as compared to its parents. The hybrid line-TSL showed tolerance to osmotic stress with a minimum yield reduction. TSL can be used for the future breeding program for the development of drought tolerant lines and can become the source of favorable genes for drought tolerance in taro.

scholarly journals Exemestane Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promoting the Secretion of Interleukin 10

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Hui Wang ◽  
Rong-Kun Li ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiao-Mei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Exemestane (EXE) is an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor mainly used as an adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women suffering from breast cancer. Besides inhibiting aromatase activity, EXE has multiple biological functions, such as antiproliferation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities which are all involved in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, we investigated the role of EXE during the progress of hepatic fibrosis. The effect of EXE on liver injury and fibrosis were assessed in two hepatic fibrosis rat models, which were induced by either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL). The influence of EXE treatment on activation and proliferation of primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was observedin vitro. The results showed that EXE attenuated the liver fibrosis by decreasing the collagen deposition andα-SMA expressionin vivoand inhibited the activation and proliferation of primary rat HSCsin vitro. Additionally, EXE promoted the secretion of antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10in vivoand in HSC-T6 culture media. In conclusion, our findings reveal a new function of EXE on hepatic fibrosis and prompted its latent application in liver fibrotic-related disease.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Genetic Responses of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Microplants under Mannitol-Induced Osmotic Stress In Vitro

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Lidiia Samarina ◽  
Alexandra Matskiv ◽  
Taisiya Simonyan ◽  
Natalia Koninskaya ◽  
Valentina Malyarovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Responses

Osmotic stress is a major factor reducing the growth and yield of many horticultural crops worldwide. To reveal reliable markers of tolerant genotypes, we need a comprehensive understanding of the responsive mechanisms in crops. In vitro stress induction can be an efficient tool to study the mechanisms of responses in plants to help gain a better understanding of the physiological and genetic responses of plant tissues against each stress factor. In the present study, the osmotic stress was induced by addition of mannitol into the culture media to reveal biochemical and genetic responses of tea microplants. The contents of proline, threonine, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were increased in leaves during mannitol treatment. The expression level of several genes, namely DHN2, LOX1, LOX6, BAM, SUS1, TPS11, RS1, RS2, and SnRK1.3, was elevated by 2–10 times under mannitol-induced osmotic stress, while the expression of many other stress-related genes was not changed significantly. Surprisingly, down-regulation of the following genes, viz. bHLH12, bHLH7, bHLH21, bHLH43, CBF1, WRKY2, SWEET1, SWEET2, SWEET3, INV5, and LOX7, was observed. During this study, two major groups of highly correlated genes were observed. The first group included seven genes, namely CBF1, DHN3, HXK2,SnRK1.1, SPS, SWEET3, and SWEET1. The second group comprised eight genes, viz. DHN2, SnRK1.3, HXK3, RS1, RS2,LOX6, SUS4, and BAM5. A high level of correlation indicates the high strength connection of the genes which can be co-expressed or can be linked to the joint regulons. The present study demonstrates that tea plants develop several adaptations to cope under osmotic stress in vitro; however, some important stress-related genes were silent or downregulated in microplants.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bioaccessible Fraction fromEryngium foetidumLeaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwitcha Dawilai ◽  
Chawanphat Muangnoi ◽  
Phawachaya Praengamthanachoti ◽  
Siriporn Tuntipopipat
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Bioaccessible Fraction

Eryngium foetidum(EF) has long been used as a medicinal plant and culinary spice in tropical regions. Phytochemicals in its leaves have been proposed to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study usedin vitrodigestion coupled with Caco-2 cells to assess such activities. Caco-2 cells were incubated with aqueous fraction from simulated digestion (bioaccessible fraction) of EF leaves with/without bile extract prior to stimulation with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-8 in culture media and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Approximately 24%β-carotene and 35% lutein of leaves were present in the aqueous fraction. The transfer of caffeic and chlorogenic acids to the aqueous fraction was 76%–81%, while that of kaempferol was 48%. Prior incubation of Caco-2 cells with the bioaccessible fraction suppressed IL-1βactivated IL-8 and MCP-1 by 33%, but the fraction lacking mixed micelles decreased IL-8 and MCP-1 levels only by 11%. The pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with the bioaccessible fraction of EF reduced ROS by 34%; the fraction lacking mixed micelles decreased ROS by 28%. These data suggest that bioactive compounds partitioning in mixed micelles play a significant role to suppress the proinflammatory insult but with a modest antioxidant effect.

scholarly journals Betaine Modulates Rumen Archaeal Community and Functioning during Heat and Osmotic Stress Conditions In Vitro

Archaea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mubarik Mahmood ◽  
Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard ◽  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Renée M. Petri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fibrous Materials

Rumen archaea play an important role in scavenging ruminal hydrogen (H2) and thus facilitate rumen fermentation. They require optimum temperature and osmolality for their growth and metabolism; however, a number of external factors may put archaea under heat and osmotic stress. Betaine is an osmolyte, molecular chaperone, and antioxidant; therefore, it bears potential to combat against these stressors. In this in vitro study, three betaine levels, namely, 0 (control), 51 (low), and 286 (high) ppm, were used. Each of these was subjected to two temperatures (39.5 and 42°C) and two osmolality conditions (295 and 420 mOsmol kg-1) with n = 6 per treatment. Sequencing analyses of the solid phase (which use solid materials containing primarily fibrous materials of low-density feed particles) and the liquid phase (rumen fermenter liquid) using 16S rRNA revealed that more than 99.8% of the ruminal archaea in fermenters belong to the phylum Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, Methanobrevibacter was the most prevalent in both phases, and Methanosaeta was only detected in the liquid phase. The genera Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacterium both showed a positive correlation with methane (CH4) formation in the liquid and solid phases, respectively ( P < 0.05 ). Heat stress increased the relative abundance of genus Methanimicrococcus at the expense of candidate archaeal genus Vadin CA11 ( P < 0.05 ). In the solid phase, osmotic stress significantly reduced the Shannon and Simpson indices of diversity, and relative abundance was higher for Methanobrevibacter at the expense of Methanimicrococcus. In the liquid phase, osmotic stress increased not only the abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and singles parameters of diversity but also the relative abundances of Methanosphaera and Methanobacterium. The overall decrease in all gas parameters and estimated metabolic hydrogen ([2H]) utilization was observed during osmotic stress conditions ( P < 0.05 ). Betaine enhanced the diversity of solid phase archaea as indicated by the increase in ACE and singles during heat stress, and only a high dose improved all diversity parameters in the liquid phase during osmotic stress ( P < 0.05 ). Thus, betaine alleviates the effects of heat stress and osmotic stress on the archaea community.

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