scholarly journals Dietary adaptation of FADS genes in Europe varied across time and geography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixiong Ye ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
David Wang ◽  
Ofer Bar-Yosef ◽  
Alon Keinan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Rate Limiting

AbstractFatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes encode rate-limiting enzymes for the biosynthesis of omega-6 and omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). This biosynthesis is essential for individuals subsisting on LCPUFAs-poor, plant-based diets. Positive selection on FADS genes has been reported in multiple populations, but its presence and pattern in Europeans remain elusive. Here, with analyses of ancient and modern DNA, we demonstrated that positive selection acted on the same FADS variants both before and after the advent of farming in Europe, but on opposite alleles. Selection in recent farmers also varied geographically, with the strongest signal in Southern Europe. These varying selection patterns concur with anthropological evidence of differences in diets, and with the association of recently-adaptive alleles with higher FADS1 expression and enhanced LCPUFAs biosynthesis. Genome-wide association studies revealed associations of recently-adaptive alleles with not only LCPUFAs, but also other lipids and decreased risk of several inflammation-related diseases.

scholarly journals Investigating the genetic architecture of disease resilience in pigs by genome-wide association studies of complete blood count traits collected from a natural disease challenge model

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechun Bai ◽  
Tianfu Yang ◽  
Austin M. Putz ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Changxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Background Genetic improvement for disease resilience is anticipated to be a practical method to improve efficiency and profitability of the pig industry, as resilient pigs maintain a relatively undepressed level of performance in the face of infection. However, multiple biological functions are known to be involved in disease resilience and this complexity means that the genetic architecture of disease resilience remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 465,910 autosomal SNPs for complete blood count (CBC) traits that are important in an animal’s disease response. The aim was to identify the genetic control of disease resilience. Results Univariate and multivariate single-step GWAS were performed on 15 CBC traits measured from the blood samples of 2743 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows drawn at 2-weeks before, and at 2 and 6-weeks after exposure to a polymicrobial infectious challenge. Overall, at a genome-wise false discovery rate of 0.05, five genomic regions located on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 2, SSC4, SSC9, SSC10, and SSC12, were significantly associated with white blood cell traits in response to the polymicrobial challenge, and nine genomic regions on multiple chromosomes (SSC1, SSC4, SSC5, SSC6, SSC8, SSC9, SSC11, SSC12, SSC17) were significantly associated with red blood cell and platelet traits collected before and after exposure to the challenge. By functional enrichment analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and literature review of previous CBC studies, candidate genes located nearby significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be involved in immune response, hematopoiesis, red blood cell morphology, and platelet aggregation. Conclusions This study helps to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of CBC traits collected before and after exposure to a polymicrobial infectious challenge and provides a step forward to improve disease resilience.

scholarly journals Investigating the genetic architecture of disease resilience in pigs by genome-wide association studies of complete blood count traits collected from a natural disease challenge model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechun Bai ◽  
Tianfu Yang ◽  
Austin Putz ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Changxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract BackgroundGenetic improvement for disease resilience is anticipated to be a practical method to improve efficiency and profitability of the pig industry, as resilient pigs maintain a relatively undepressed level of performance in the face of infection. However, multiple biological functions are known to be involved in disease resilience and this complexity means that the genetic architecture of disease resilience remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 465,910 autosomal SNPs for complete blood count (CBC) traits that are important in an animal’s disease response. The aim was to identify the genetic control of disease resilience.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate single-step GWAS were performed on fifteen CBC traits measured from the blood samples of 2743 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows drawn at 2-weeks before, and at 2 and 6-weeks after exposure to a polymicrobial infectious challenge. Overall, at a genome-wise false discovery rate of 0.05, five genomic regions located on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 2, SSC4, SSC9, SSC10, and SSC12, were significantly associated with white blood cell traits in response to the polymicrobial challenge, and nine genomic regions on multiple chromosomes (SSC1, SSC4, SSC5, SSC6, SSC8, SSC9, SSC11, SSC12, SSC17) were significantly associated with red blood cell and platelet traits collected before and after exposure to the challenge. By functional enrichment analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and literature review of previous CBC studies, candidate genes located nearby significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be involved in immune response, hematopoiesis, red blood cell morphology, and platelet aggregation.ConclusionsThis study helps to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of CBC traits collected before and after exposure to a polymicrobial infectious challenge and provides a step forward to improve disease resilience.

scholarly journals Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of Estimated Fatty Acid Desaturase Activity in Serum and Adipose Tissue: Relationships with Insulin Sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Marklund ◽  
Stefan Gustafsson ◽  
Sarah Keildson ◽  
Andrew Morris ◽  
Erik Ingelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Human Genomic Loci Important in Common Infectious Diseases: Role of High-Throughput Sequencing and Genome-Wide Association Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Mboowa ◽  
Ivan Sserwadda ◽  
Marion Amujal ◽  
Norah Namatovu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Host Pathogen

HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria are 3 major global public health threats that undermine development in many resource-poor settings. Recently, the notion that positive selection during epidemics or longer periods of exposure to common infectious diseases may have had a major effect in modifying the constitution of the human genome is being interrogated at a large scale in many populations around the world. This positive selection from infectious diseases increases power to detect associations in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has transformed both the management of infectious diseases and continues to enable large-scale functional characterization of host resistance/susceptibility alleles and loci; a paradigm shift from single candidate gene studies. Application of genome sequencing technologies and genomics has enabled us to interrogate the host-pathogen interface for improving human health. Human populations are constantly locked in evolutionary arms races with pathogens; therefore, identification of common infectious disease-associated genomic variants/markers is important in therapeutic, vaccine development, and screening susceptible individuals in a population. This review describes a range of host-pathogen genomic loci that have been associated with disease susceptibility and resistant patterns in the era of HTS. We further highlight potential opportunities for these genetic markers.

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