scholarly journals Influence of electromagnetic radiation emitted by daily-use electronic devices on the Eyemate® system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzurra Invernizzi ◽  
Shereif Haykal ◽  
Valeria Lo Faro ◽  
Vincenzo Pennisi ◽  
Lars Choritz
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
Cordless Phone ◽  
Plastic Bag

AbstractPurposeEyemate® is a system for the continual monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP), comprised of an intraocular sensor, and a hand-held reader device. The eyemate®-IO sensor is surgically implanted in the eye during cataract surgery. Once implanted, the sensor communicates telemetrically with the hand-held device to activate and record IOP measurements. The aim of this study was to assess the possible influence of electromagnetic radiation emitted by daily-use electronic devices on the eyemate® IOP measurements.MethodsThe eyemate®-IO sensor was placed in a plastic bag, immersed in a sterile sodium chloride solution at 0.9% and placed in a water bath at 37°C. The antenna, connected to a laptop for recording the data, was positioned at a fixed distance of 1 cm from the sensor. Approximately two hours of “quasi-continuous” measurements was recorded for the baseline and for cordless phone, smart-phone and laptop. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare any possible differences between the baseline and the tested devices.ResultsFor baseline measurements, the sensor maintained a steady-state. The same behavior was observed with the devices measurements during active and inactive states.ConclusionWe found no evidence of signal drifts or fluctuations associated with the tested devices, thus showing a lack of electromagnetic interference with data transmission. Patients who already have the eyemate®-IO sensor implanted, or those considering it, can be informed that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by their daily-use electronic devices does not interfere with IOP measurements made by the eyemate®-IO sensor.

scholarly journals Original Findings Confirmed in Replication Study: Provocation with 2.4 GHz Cordless Phone affects the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) as measured by Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Havas ◽  
Jeffrey Marrongelle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cordless Phone

This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled replication of a study that we previously conducted in Colorado with 25 subjects designed to test the effect of radio frequency radiation (RFR) generated by the base station of a cordless phone on heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we analyzed the response of 69 subjects between the ages of 26 and 80 in both Canada and the USA. Subjects were exposed to radiation for 3-min intervals generated by a 2.4-GHz cordless phone base station (3–8 microW/cm2). Prior to provocation we conducted an orthostatic test to assess the state of adrenal exhaustion, which interferes with a person’s ability to mount a response to a stressor. A few participants had a severe reaction to the RFR with an increase in heart rate and altered HRV indicative of an alarm response to stress. Based on the HRV analyses of the 69 subjects, 7% were classified as being “moderately to very sensitive”, 29% were “little to moderately sensitive”, 30% were “not to a little sensitive” and 6% were “unknown”. These results are not psychosomatic and are not due to electromagnetic interference. Twenty-five percent of the subjects’ self-proclaimed sensitivity corresponded to that based on the HRV analysis, while 32% overestimated their sensitivity and 42% did not know whether or not they were electrically sensitive. Of the 39 participants who claimed to experience some electrical hypersensitivity, 36% claimed they also reacted to a cordless phone and experienced heart symptoms and, of these, 64% were classified as having some degree of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) based on their HRV response. Novel findings include documentation of a delayed response to radiation. This protocol underestimates the reaction to electromagnetic radiation and may provide a false negative for those with a delayed reaction and/or with adrenal exhaustion. Orthostatic HRV testing combined with provocation testing may provide a useful diagnostic tool for some sufferers of EHS when they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation. It can be used to confirm EHS but not to reject EHS as a diagnosis since not everyone with EHS has an ANS reaction to electromagnetic radiation.

METHODS FOR COLLECTING AND EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC SIGNALS IN ANALYSIS OF EMF IMPACT ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
М.А. Ромащенко ◽  
Д.В. Васильченко ◽  
А.Л. Неклюдов ◽  
С.Н. Рожненко ◽  
К.Ч. Колбая
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Radio Electronic ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
External Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Network Technologies

В настоящее время перед разработчиками радиоэлектронных устройств стоит множество проблем, которые необходимо учитывать в процессе проектирования радиоэлектронных средств (РЭС). Одной из таких проблем является обеспечение бесперебойной работы устройства в неблагоприятной для него радиоэлектронной обстановке и прохождение обязательной сертификации изделия по стандартам помехозащищенности. Ярким примером неблагоприятной радиоэлектронной обстановки являются современные города, где присутствует множество индустриальных помех, обусловленных активным использованием и высокой концентрацией высокочастотных средств связи, радиостанций, сетевых технологий, компьютерной аппаратуры и бытовых приборов. Такая большая концентрация радиоэлектронного оборудования при работе вызывает множество внешних электромагнитных полей, которые негативно сказываются на работоспособности других электронных устройств, вызывая их сбои и нарушение работоспособности в целом. Статья рассматривает основные принципы методики анализа данных при тестировании электронных средств на воздействие электромагнитного излучения. Проблема, на решение которой направлена данная методика - выявление степени устойчивости электронных средств к воздействию электромагнитного излучения на этапе их проектирования. Методика описывает сбор данных из аппаратной части комплекса тестирования электронных средств на воздействие электромагнитных помех, а также дальнейшую их обработку на основании базы эвристических решений Currently, the developers of radio electronic devices face many problems that must be taken into account in the process of designing radio electronic devices (RED). One of these problems is to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the device in an unfavorable radio-electronic environment and the passage of the mandatory certification of the product according to noise immunity standards. A striking example of an unfavorable radio-electronic environment are modern cities, where there is a lot of industrial interference caused by the active use and high concentration of high-frequency communications, radio stations, network technologies, computer equipment and household appliances. Such a large concentration of radio electronic equipment during operation causes many external electromagnetic fields, which negatively affect the performance of other electronic devices, causing them to malfunction and malfunction in general. This article examines the basic principles of data analysis methodology when testing electronic devices for exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The problem to be solved by this technique is to identify the degree of resistance of electronic devices to the effects of electromagnetic radiation at the stage of their design. The methodology describes the collection of data from the hardware of the complex for testing electronic devices for the effect of electromagnetic interference, as well as their further processing based on the base of heuristic solutions

One Size Fits All?

Methodology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Patrick E. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Latent Curve

The use of latent curve models (LCMs) has increased almost exponentially during the last decade. Oftentimes, researchers regard LCM as a “new” method to analyze change with little attention paid to the fact that the technique was originally introduced as an “alternative to standard repeated measures ANOVA and first-order auto-regressive methods” (Meredith & Tisak, 1990, p. 107). In the first part of the paper, this close relationship is reviewed, and it is demonstrated how “traditional” methods, such as the repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA, can be formulated as LCMs. Given that latent curve modeling is essentially a large-sample technique, compared to “traditional” finite-sample approaches, the second part of the paper addresses the question to what degree the more flexible LCMs can actually replace some of the older tests by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, a structural equation modeling alternative to Mauchly’s (1940) test of sphericity is explored. Although “traditional” methods may be expressed as special cases of more general LCMs, we found the equivalence holds only asymptotically. For practical purposes, however, no approach always outperformed the other alternatives in terms of power and type I error, so the best method to be used depends on the situation. We provide detailed recommendations of when to use which method.

Polymeric textile-based electromagnetic interference shielding materials, their synthesis, mechanism and applications – A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110370
Author(s):  
Faiza Safdar ◽  
Munir Ashraf ◽  
Amjed Javid ◽  
Kashif Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Shielding Composites

The rapid proliferation of electronic devices and their operation at high frequencies has raised the contamination of artificial electromagnetic radiations in the atmosphere to an unprecedented level that is responsible for catastrophe for ecology and electronic devices. Therefore, the lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are of vital importance for controlling the pollution generated by such high-frequency EM radiations for protecting ecology and human health as well as the other nearby devices. In this regard, polymeric textile-based shielding composites have been proved to be the best due to their unique properties such as lightweight, excellent flexibility, low density, ease of processability and ease of handling. Moreover, such composites cover range of applications from everyday use to high-tech applications. Various polymeric textiles such as fibers, yarn, woven, nonwoven, knitted, as well as their hybrid composites have been extensively manipulated physically and/or chemically to act as shielding against such harmful radiations. This review encompasses from basic concept of EMI shielding for beginner to the latest research in polymeric-based textile materials synthesis for experts, covering detailed mechanisms with schematic illustration. The review also covers the gap of materials synthesis and their application on polymeric textiles which could be used for EMI shielding applications. Furthermore, recent research regarding rendering EMI shielding properties at various stages of polymeric textile development is provided for readers with critical analysis. Lastly, the applications along with environmental compliance have also been presented for better understanding.

scholarly journals Ultrathin, Lightweight, and Flexible CNT Buckypaper Enhanced Using MXenes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongliang Yang ◽  
Xuchun Gui ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Qingmei Hu ◽  
Leilei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Emi Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
X Band ◽  
Wearable Electronic Devices ◽  
Emi Se

AbstractLightweight, flexibility, and low thickness are urgent requirements for next-generation high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for catering to the demand for smart and wearable electronic devices. Although several efforts have focused on constructing porous and flexible conductive films or aerogels, few studies have achieved a balance in terms of density, thickness, flexibility, and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). Herein, an ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypaper enhanced using MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) for high-performance EMI shielding is synthesized through a facile electrophoretic deposition process. The obtained Ti3C2Tx@CNT hybrid buckypaper exhibits an outstanding EMI SE of 60.5 dB in the X-band at 100 μm. The hybrid buckypaper with an MXene content of 49.4 wt% exhibits an EMI SE of 50.4 dB in the X-band with a thickness of only 15 μm, which is 105% higher than that of pristine CNT buckypaper. Furthermore, an average specific SE value of 5.7 × 104 dB cm2 g−1 is exhibited in the 5-μm hybrid buckypaper. Thus, this assembly process proves promising for the construction of ultrathin, flexible, and high-performance EMI shielding films for application in electronic devices and wireless communications.

Time of imagery’s effect on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colton Haight ◽  
Sandra Moritz ◽  
Tanis Walch
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Physical Effect ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe relationships among the time of imagery use on performance and self-efficacy in college baseball players during a hitting task was examined. Participants (n=24) were randomly assigned to one of three imagery conditions: (a) before practice, (b) during practice, (c) after practice. A one-shot MG-M imagery intervention was used. Results from a 3 (imagery group) ×2 (pretest and posttest) repeated measures ANOVA showed only a significant time by imagery group interaction for self-efficacy (F (2, 21)=4.67, p<0.05). These findings suggest that imagery had a stronger psychological effect than physical effect.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Interference assessment of small electronic devices with a TEM cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 1826 (1) ◽  
pp. 012093
Author(s):  
J H Angelo ◽  
M S Dias ◽  
M L Pereira Filho ◽  
A F G F Junior ◽  
J M Janiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Tem Cell

scholarly journals Differences in Graphomotor Skills by the Writing Medium and Children’s Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Boram No ◽  
Naya Choi
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Print Size ◽  
Writing Practice ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Factors of graphomotor skills may serve as indicators to determine a writer’s handwriting proficiency or acclimation to different writing surface textures. This study examines differences in children’s graphomotor skills based on types of writing medium and gender. Participants were 97 six-year-old Korean preschool children who had not received formal writing training prior to the study. Writing tasks were completed on a tablet screen and paper. Writing samples were analyzed using the Eye and Pen software to investigate spatial, temporal, and pressure exertion exhibited during the writing tasks. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed differences in graphomotor skills such as print size, writing speed, and writing pressure. Writing on a tablet screen decreased clarity of writing; print size and speed increased as the stylus slides across the tablet surface with relatively less friction, thereby decreasing the exertion of writing pressure. Analysis of writing differences according to gender indicated that boys generated larger print sizes than girls. Results suggest that while simple writing tasks may be feasible on the tablet screen, providing children with a larger writing medium and encouraging larger print sizes for writing practice, especially for boys, may be beneficial in the development of graphomotor skills among young learners.

scholarly journals Microhardness evaluation of root dentin after using resin sealer solvents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Gamze Nalci ◽  
Tayfun Alaçam ◽  
Bülent Altukaynak
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Ultrasonic Agitation ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Hardness Values

Background. This study aimed to assess the effects of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and ethyl acetate (EA) on dentin microhardness, used as resin sealer solvents. Methods. Eighty halves of single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into four groups to apply MEK, EA, chloroform, or saline solution. Vickers hardness values were measured for three root levels before and after the direct application of solvents for 5 and 15 minutes or a 1-minute application with ultrasonic agitation. The results were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, and adjustments were made for comparisons with Bonferroni tests. Results. The dentin microhardness decreased in all the solvent groups (P<0.05). The changes in microhardness increased with prolonged exposure times, except for the saline solution group. Chloroform exhibited the most significant decrease in value. Furthermore, ultrasonic agitation elicited a more substantial decline in values. Conclusion. MEK and EA might be preferred over chloroform as a solvent for resin sealers because they offer an attenuated decrease in dentin microhardness and do not have gutta-percha-dissolving properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document