scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Esther Schelling ◽  
Jakob Zinsstag ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Emawayish Andargie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
The Individual

AbstractInformation on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle woreda of the Somali region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9-15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 46.0-65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5-55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0-33.2) in sheep. In humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4-34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24.2% in females (OR= 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated with age (OR= 8.1; 95% CI 2.8-23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% CI 8.7-18.8) in humans, 17.9 % (95% CI 11.0-27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8-50.7) in camels, 6.3% (95% CI 3.3-11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7-11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity of both Q-fever (55.7%; 95% CI 46.0-65.0) and RVF (42.6%; 95% CI 34.8-50.7). Only a weak correlation was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.8(0.9-6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2-5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0-3.2) in camels. This study showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali regional state and is the first published study to describe RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Collaboration between public and animal health sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008100
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Esther Schelling ◽  
Jakob Zinsstag ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Emawayish Andargie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
The Individual

Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle Woreda of the Somali Region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9–15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 46.0–65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5–55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0–33.2) in sheep. In humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4–34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24.2% in females (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.6–2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated with age (OR = 8.1; 95% CI 2.8–23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% CI 8.7–18.8) in humans, 17.9% (95% CI 11.0–27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8–50.7) in camels, 6.3% (95% CI 3.3–11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7–11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity of both Q-fever and RVF. Only a weak correlation was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.8(0.9–6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2–5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–3.2) in camels. This study showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali Region and is the first published study to describe RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Even though human exposure to RVF virus was reported, public health sector of Somali Region has not given attention to such zoonoses. Collaboration between public and animal health sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of single and mixed infections of Rift Valley fever virus, Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii in dromedary camels in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009275
Author(s):  
Mathew Muturi ◽  
James Akoko ◽  
Daniel Nthiwa ◽  
Bernard Chege ◽  
Richard Nyamota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Zoonotic Infections

Camels are increasingly becoming the livestock of choice for pastoralists reeling from effects of climate change in semi-arid and arid parts of Kenya. As the population of camels rises, better understanding of their role in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases in Kenya is a public health priority. Rift Valley fever (RVF), brucellosis and Q fever are three of the top priority diseases in the country but the involvement of camels in the transmission dynamics of these diseases is poorly understood. We analyzed 120 camel serum samples from northern Kenya to establish seropositivity rates of the three pathogens and to characterize the infecting Brucella species using molecular assays. We found seropositivity of 24.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.5–31.8%) for Brucella, 20.8% (95% CI: 13.6–28.1%) and 14.2% (95% CI: 7.9–20.4%) for Coxiella burnetii and Rift valley fever virus respectively. We found 27.5% (95% CI: 19.5–35.5%) of the animals were seropositive for at least one pathogen and 13.3% (95% CI: 7.2–19.4%) were seropositive for at least two pathogens. B. melitensis was the only Brucella spp. detected. The high sero-positivity rates are indicative of the endemicity of these pathogens among camel populations and the possible role the species has in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases. Considering the strong association between human infection and contact with livestock for most zoonotic infections in Kenya, there is immediate need to conduct further research to determine the role of camels in transmission of these zoonoses to other livestock species and humans. This information will be useful for designing more effective surveillance systems and intervention measures.

scholarly journals High Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever and Evidence for Endemic Circulation in Mbeya Region, Tanzania, in a Cross-Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Heinrich ◽  
Elmar Saathoff ◽  
Nina Weller ◽  
Petra Clowes ◽  
Inge Kroidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valley Fever

scholarly journals Economic Assessment of Zoonotic Diseases: An Illustrative Study of Rift Valley Fever in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Pendell ◽  
J. L. Lusk ◽  
T. L. Marsh ◽  
K. H. Coble ◽  
S. C. Szmania
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever

scholarly journals Active Surveillance in the investigation and analysis of RVFin Western and Central Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Nanfuka ◽  
Milton Bahati ◽  
Eugene Arinaitwe
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
The People ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
The One ◽  
Western Uganda

ObjectiveTo detect presence of circulating Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFv) in animals of Western and Central Uganda following its confirmation in humans.To establish and communicate reliable information using the one health platformSignificnce:Although in E. Africa RVF was initially detected and known to be a disease endermic in Kenya, the people in Uganda were still hesitating wether the disease is already in existence. Following its first detection in 2016 in Humans there was need to carry out an investigation in the hot spot areas of the human infection to get the real picture and to inform the policy makers for informed decisions.IntroductionRift Valley fiver is viral zoonotic disease which was investigated and reported in Uganda in 20101. For some time now people are not aware whether the disease was still circulating or emerged in animals reared as a result of the inter country trade by the community of the cattle corridor in Uganda, since the last reports in 19682. The increase in the number of disease outbreaks in some parts of central and western Uganda from 2016 to date and the number of human patients investigated, diagnosed and confirmed with RVF by Ministry Of Health (MOH) under the one health program, has placed the disease to be among the top re-emerging diseases in the country3&4 and number 5 of the Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017 under One Health perspective6.MethodsRift valley Fever was investigated in cattle, goats and sheep of Gomba,Mityana, Kiboga and Kiruhura in Central and Western Uganda. This followed 2 people that had been confirmed with RVF in 20161 Samples were aseptically collected from hot places from 543 victim’s animals including those of the neighbouring areas covering the victims routes of movement plus those areas where people were still sick and where death had reportedly occurred. Samples were then delivered to NADDEC laboratory from where tests were conducted.ResultsSamples were screened using a competition IgG ELISA, then IgM ELISA to capture the recently infected animals. The positive samples from the IgM ELISA were then confirmed using RT-PCR; 169/543 (31%) tested positive to IgG screening ELISA indicating exposure to RVF. The actual infection was found to be 13% (22/169) with IgM ELISA and 3/22 (13.6%) with RT-PCR.ConclusionsZoonotic diseases continue to be a public health burden to the people of Uganda. Considering some people’s behavior of eating the sick and dead animals, has posed a difficult situation to combat the ailment which has resulted in negative socioeconomic impacts, affecting the national policies that range from health security to control of diseases. Uganda has however developed capacity to investigate, test and confirm RVF disease. Since exposure was found in all animal species, detailed active surveillance plan and procedures have been set up to investigate any additional cases in animals to reduce chances of spread to humans and to cub international spread and also to determine the magnitude of exposure.References1 Nabukenya, Investigation and response to Rift Valley Fever and Yellow Fever outbreaks in humans in Uganda, 20162 Nyakarahuka L.prevalence and risk factors of Rift valley in humans and animals from kabale, 20163 Wang LF, Crameri G.Emerging zoonotic viral diseases.Rev Sci Tech Int Epiz.2014;33Institute of Medicine (U.S.), Committee on Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for surveillance and4 Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin, Keusch G. Sustaining global surveillance and response to emerging zoonotic diseases, 20095 Musa Sekamatte, Vikram K.Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017, A One Health perspective6 Munyua P, Bitek A, Osoro E, Pieracci EG, Muema J,Mwatondo A,et al, Prioritization of Zoonotic Diseases in Kenya,2015. PLOS ONE. 2016;11:e0161576. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161576 PMID:27557120 

Reprint of “Epidemiology of brucellosis, Q Fever and Rift Valley Fever at the human and livestock interface in northern Côte d’Ivoire”

Acta Tropica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssouf B. Kanouté ◽  
Biégo G. Gragnon ◽  
Christian Schindler ◽  
Bassirou Bonfoh ◽  
Esther Schelling
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals Rift Valley fever: Real or perceived threat for Zambia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Dautu ◽  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Aaron S. Mweene ◽  
Kenny L. Samui ◽  
Polly Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Southern Africa Development Community

Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Zambia was first reported in 1974 during an epizootic of cattle and sheep that occurred in parts of Central, Southern and Copperbelt Provinces. In 1990, the disease was documented in nine districts of the provinces of Zambia. In the last two decades, there have been no reports of RVF. This long period without reported clinical disease raises questions as to whether RVF is a current or just a perceived threat. To address this question, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) disease occurrence data on RVF for the period 2005−2010 in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) was analysed. From the analysis, it was evident that most countries that share a common border with Zambia had reported at least one occurrence of the disease during the period under review. Due to the absence of natural physical barriers between Zambia and most of her neighbours, informal livestock trade and movements is a ubiquitous reality. Analysis of the rainfall patterns also showed that Zambia received rains sufficient to support a mosquito population large enough for high risk of RVF transmission. The evidence of disease occurrence in nearby countries coupled with animal movement, and environmental risk suggests that RVF is a serious threat to Zambia. In conclusion, the current occurrence of RVF in Zambia is unclear, but there are sufficient indications that the magnitude of the circulating infection is such that capacity building in disease surveillance and courses on recognition of the disease for field staff is recommended. Given the zoonotic potential of RVF, these measures are also a prerequisite for accurate assessment of the disease burden in humans.

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