scholarly journals Therapeutic Management of COVID-19 Patients: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Tobaiqy ◽  
Mohammed Qashqary ◽  
Shrooq Al-Dahery ◽  
Alaa Mujallad ◽  
Almonther Abdullah Hershan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Review Protocol

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the COVID-19 that has been declared a global pandemic by the WHO in 2020. The COVID-19 treatment guidelines vary in each country, and yet there is no approved therapeutic for COVID-19.Aims of the studythis review aimed to report any evidence of therapeutics used for the management of COVID-19 patients in clinical practice since the emergence of the virus.MethodsA systematic review protocol was developed based on PRISMA Statement. Articles for review were selected from electronic databases (Embase, Medline and Google Scholar). Readily accessible peer-reviewed full articles in English published from December 1 st, 2019 to March 26 th, 2020 were included. The search terms included combinations of: COVID, SARS-COV-2, glucocorticoids, convalescent plasma, antiviral, antibacterial. There were no restrictions on the type of study design eligible for inclusion.ResultsAs of March 26, 2020, of the initial manuscripts identified (n=449) articles. Forty-one studies were included, of which clinical trials (n=3), (case reports n=7), case series (n=10), retrospective (n=11) and prospective (n=10) observational studies. Thirty-six studies were conducted in China (88%).The most common mentioned and reported medicine in this systematic review was corticosteroids (n=25), followed by Lopinavir (n=21) and oseltamivir (n=16).ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review up to date related to the therapeutics used in COVID-19 patients. Only forty-one research articles on COVID-19 and therapeutics were found eligible to be included, most conducted in China, corticosteroid therapy was found to be the most used medicine in these studies.

scholarly journals B waves: a systematic review of terminology, characteristics, and analysis methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martinez-Tejada ◽  
Alexander Arum ◽  
Jens E. Wilhjelm ◽  
Marianne Juhler ◽  
Morten Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Review Protocol

Abstract Background Although B waves were introduced as a concept in the analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) recordings nearly 60 years ago, there is still a lack consensus on precise definitions, terminology, amplitude, frequency or origin. Several competing terms exist, addressing either their probable physiological origin or their physical characteristics. To better understand B wave characteristics and ease their detection, a literature review was carried out. Methods A systematic review protocol including search strategy and eligibility criteria was prepared in advance. A literature search was carried out using PubMed/MEDLINE, with the following search terms: B waves + review filter, slow waves + review filter, ICP B waves, slow ICP waves, slow vasogenic waves, Lundberg B waves, MOCAIP. Results In total, 19 different terms were found, B waves being the most common. These terminologies appear to be interchangeable and seem to be used indiscriminately, with some papers using more than five different terms. Definitions and etiologies are still unclear, which makes systematic and standardized detection difficult. Conclusions Two future lines of action are available for automating macro-pattern identification in ICP signals: achieving strict agreement on morphological characteristics of “traditional” B waveforms, or starting a new with a fresh computerized approach for recognition of new clinically relevant patterns.

scholarly journals Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12511
Author(s):  
Giulia Orilisi ◽  
Marco Mascitti ◽  
Lucrezia Togni ◽  
Riccardo Monterubbianesi ◽  
Vincenzo Tosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Global Pandemic

Background: COVID-19 disease first appeared in 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, causing a global pandemic. The oral cavity represents a target of SARS-CoV-2, and oral lesions are observed in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients. This systematic review aims to investigate the frequency of oral manifestations in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including articles published up to September 2021. The review protocol was based on PRISMA-P. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Joana Briggs Institute. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE instrument. Results: Fifty-nine articles were included: 19 case reports, 17 case series, 2 case-control studies, 13 cross-sectional studies, 4 observational studies, and 4 retrospective studies. Oral ulcers, cheilitis, and tongue lesions were more common in patients before hospitalization, while perioral pressure ulcers, macroglossia, blisters, and oral candidiasis were more recurrent in patients during hospitalization. The first could be related directly to COVID-19, while the latter could be caused by medical devices, treatments, prone position, and immunological impairment. Conclusions: An accurate oral examination during the hospital admission of all confirmed COVID-19 cases is encouraged to recognize oral early manifestations and to apply appropriate treatments.

scholarly journals Treatment of Tinnitus in Children—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. Dullaart ◽  
Marijn Kip ◽  
Adriana L. Smit ◽  
Inge Stegeman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objectives: To systematically review studies on the effect of treatment of subjective tinnitus in children.Data Sources: We searched for studies in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, after which additional studies were hand searched using Scopus databases. The methods are described in the study protocol, which has been registered in the PROSPERO register. PRISMA guidelines were followed in the reporting of this study.Eligibility Criteria: We considered for inclusion randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, case reports, and case series, with tinnitus as primary outcome in children (0–18 years old) with acute or chronic subjective tinnitus. We excluded studies in which both children and adults participated but outcomes were not specifically reported for children, as well as animal studies, studies with a non-original study design and studies about children with pulsatile or objective tinnitus.Data Selection: Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility and quality, collected and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed in case of homogeneous outcomes.Results: The search yielded a total of 4,447 studies. Of these, 147 eligible studies were selected. One case report and five observational studies met the eligibility criteria. Three studies applied counseling and (simplified-)TRT and reported improvement in tinnitus outcome in 68 out of 82 children after 3–6 months of treatment. Two studies used pharmacological treatments and reported improvement in 74 out of 86 patients after 10 days to 3 months of treatment. One study reported the outcome of biofeedback therapy, describing an improvement in tinnitus loudness and annoyance after 2 months of treatment.Conclusion: Due to the high risk of bias of the included studies, we cannot determine the effectiveness of the treatment of subjective tinnitus in children. Also, owing to brief follow-up periods, it is not possible to draw conclusions regarding long-term effects. Randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up periods are necessary to provide substantial evidence of the effects of therapies for children affected by tinnitus. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42020178134].

scholarly journals Real-World Safety of CFTR Modulators in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Renée V. E. Dagenais ◽  
Victoria C. Su ◽  
Bradley S. Quon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Real World ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Cftr Modulators

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies target the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), and are generally well-tolerated; however, real-world studies indicate the frequency of discontinuation and adverse events (AEs) may be higher than what was observed in clinical trials. The objectives of this systematic review were to summarize real-world AEs reported for market-available CFTR modulators (i.e., ivacaftor (IVA), lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUM/IVA), tezacaftor/ivacaftor (TEZ/IVA), and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA)), and to identify ways in which the pharmacist on CF healthcare teams may contribute to mitigating and managing these AEs. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection online databases were searched from 2012 to 1 Aug 2020. Full manuscripts or conference abstracts of observational studies, case series, and case reports were eligible for inclusion. The included full manuscripts and conference abstracts comprised of 54 observational studies, 5 case series, and 9 case reports. The types of AEs reported generally aligned with what have been observed in clinical trials. LUM/IVA was associated with a higher frequency of respiratory-related AE and discontinuation in real-world studies. A signal for mental health and neurocognitive AEs was identified with all 4 CFTR modulators. A systematic approach to monitoring for AEs in people with CF on CFTR modulators in the real-world setting is necessary to help better understand potential AEs, as well as patient characteristics that may be associated with higher risk of certain AEs. Pharmacists play a key role in the safe initiation and monitoring of people with CF on CFTR modulator therapies.

scholarly journals Patients’ values and other decisional factors regarding treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Bassatne ◽  
Maya Rahme ◽  
Thomas Piggott ◽  
Mohammad H Murad ◽  
Layal Hneiny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy ◽  
Review Protocol

Abstract Background: Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the second most common cause of hypercalcemia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several treatment options are available including pharmacological therapy with bisphosphonates, denosumab, glucocorticoids, and calcimimetics, as well as conventional therapy with hydration and possibly calcitonin. While guidelines have previously considered treatment effects, no guideline has yet considered a range of contextual factors impacting recommendations for the management. Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize the available evidence on important decisional factors for the development of guidelines for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy. These include patient’s values and preferences, cost, acceptability, feasibility, and equity. Methods/Design: This is a systematic review of observational studies, case series, trials, reviews and qualitative studies involving treatment of adult patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy. We developed and executed two independent search strategies using five databases: Pubmed, Medline (OVID), Embase.com, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane, and reviewed their combined output. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and full texts and will implement data abstraction from relevant studies independently and in duplicate. The outcomes of interest are the decisional factors that influence drug selection, with possible subgroup analyses by drug class or etiology of hypercalcemia of malignancy. We will present the data collected in a narrative and thematic approach. Discussion: This systematic review will identify important treatment decisional factors, and will assist guidelines panels, physicians and patients to decide on therapeutic options based on the current evidence.

scholarly journals Assessment of the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Dashti ◽  
Tahereh Fathi Najafi ◽  
Hamid Reza Tohidinik ◽  
Narjes Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Care Providers

Abstract BackgroundThe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has put a great burden on global health and healthcare systems. One of the vulnerable groups to COVID-19 infection and complications is the pregnant women. There is controversy regarding the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to infant. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 based on currently published literature including observational studies. All published articles including case reports, case series,MethodsThis study will be conducted on all published observational studies, including cross-sectional studies, cohort, case-control, case reports, and case series, in peer reviewed journals in any language until the end of March 2020. Editorials, commentaries and letter to editors will be excluded from the review. Search will be conducted in international bibliographic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Primary search will be performed in PubMed and Embase using the Coronavirus 2019 and vertical transmission keywords based on medical subject heading (MeSH) terms along with free text searching in combination with Boolean operations. The search strategy will be improved and finalized based on the results of the primary search. The World Health Organization (WHO) and google scholar websites will be searched as grey literature. Articles will be reviewed by two authors independently for the relevance of titles and abstracts. Data extraction of the included articles will be performed by two researchers using the Zotero and review manager (revMan) software. Heterogeneity of the articles will be assessed using DerSimonian & Laird Q test and I 2 statistic. The pooled estimated prevalence of vertical transmission of COVID-19 will be performed using the Metaprop command. Publication bias will be assessed using the Begg's rank correlation and the Egger weighted regression methods.DiscussionThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis will help practitioners and health care providers in decision making for the care and management of COVID-19 infected pregnant women. Systematic review registration In process

231 Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Waardenburg Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lovett ◽  
M Eastwood ◽  
C Metcalfe ◽  
J Muzaffar ◽  
P Monksfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Waardenburg Syndrome ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Hearing Outcomes

Abstract Aim This systematic review aims to establish outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with a diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome (WS). Method A systematic review and narrative synthesis were undertaken. Databases searched: Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov. No limits placed on language or year of publication. A review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Results Searches identified 160 abstracts and 157 full texts. Of these, 22 studies met inclusion criteria reporting outcomes in 191 patients and at least 209 implants. Hearing outcomes of those receiving cochlear implantation were generally good. Five studies included genetic analysis of one or more of the participants. A total of 10 intra- or post-operative complications were reported. The methodological quality of included studies was modest, mainly comprising case reports and non-controlled case series with small cohort size. All studies were OCEBM grade III-IV. Conclusions Hearing outcomes following CI in Waardenburg syndrome are generally good with the majority of patients experiencing improvement in audiometry, speech perception, and speech intelligibility. Cochlear implant teams must use their clinical expertise to assess individual patients’ needs in order to perform cochlear implantation at the optimum age and provide thorough rehabilitation to maximise implantation benefits.

A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Incidence of Neuropsychiatric Conditions in Populations With Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S454-S455
Author(s):  
N. Zaman ◽  
D.R. Faruqui
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Organic Personality Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

IntroductionThe relationship between traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric conditions has a strong clinical link. Despite significant clinical presentations, there has been a limited focus on quantifying the association between traumatic brain injury and psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence and incidence of neuropsychiatric conditions in patients with traumatic brain injury.AimsTo determine the association between traumatic brain injury and psychiatric illness.MethodsA systematic search was made of Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and article bibliographies. Search terms for rates of psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety conditions, organic personality disorder, neuropsychiatric disorders, neuro-behavioural disorders, aggression, dementia and frontal lobe disorder were utilised. We followed MOOSE criteria and did not apply temporal limits.ResultsThere were 845 relevant searches in total. After exclusion of duplicates, case reports, case series reports, letters, reviews, commentaries, systematic reviews, and editorials there were 143 relevant abstracts identified. This was further reduced to a review of 48 full text papers. We identified prevalence rates of depression between 6.9–62.5%, mania of 9–12.5%, PTSD 1.9–50%, aggression 28.4–57%, anxiety disorders 6–63% (including GAD 8–9%, agoraphobia 2–6%, panic disorder 9%, social phobia 1%) insomnia 11–29%, personality change of 33.3%, dementia 8.16% and substance use 3–8%.ConclusionsWe have identified significant rates of neuropsychiatric morbidity in patients with traumatic brain injury. We have particularly identified limited research studies into psychosis, mania, dementia and personality disorders in this patient group. The review further emphasises the importance of identifying neuropsychiatric comorbidities in post-traumatic brain injury and the importance of addressing these comorbidities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Management of sigmoid volvulus using percutaneous endoscopic colostomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 654-662
Author(s):  
S Jackson ◽  
MO Hamed ◽  
J Shabbir
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Sigmoid Volvulus ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Tube Removal

Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the current literature on the use of percutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) as an alternative to major surgery and endoscopic decompression alone for treating sigmoid volvulus in frail, comorbid patients. Methods A systematic literature search of literature published between April 2000 and January 2017 was carried out using the MEDLINE®, Embase™ and CINAHL® (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. The search terms were “percutaneous endoscopic colostomy”, “PEC”, “sigmoidopexy”, “sigmoidostomy” and “sigmoid volvulus”. The studies identified were screened and those that did not fulfil the inclusion criteria were excluded. Findings Seven observational studies and seven case reports (comprising eighty-one patients) were found to match our inclusion criteria. All patients had recurrent sigmoid volvulus and were treated with PEC either with a single PEC tube or with two PEC tubes inserted. Sigmoid volvulus recurred in 10 of the 81 patients; 3 of these individuals developed recurrence with PEC tubes in situ and 7 following tube removal. There were seven deaths after the procedure. The most frequent morbidity associated with PEC tube insertion was site infection (n=6). Conclusions Our systematic review highlights the use of PEC as an alternative in managing recurrent sigmoid volvulus in frail, comorbid patients unfit for or refusing surgery, with the best outcomes seen in those patients where two PEC tubes were inserted and remained in situ indefinitely. Further studies are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of the procedure as well as post-procedure care.

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