scholarly journals Delta-range coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus supported by respiratory rhythmic input from the olfactory bulb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Mofleh ◽  
Bernat Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

AbstractRespiratory rhythm (RR) during sniffing is known to couple with hippocampal theta rhythm. However, outside of the short sniffing bouts, a more stable ~2Hz RR was recently shown to rhythmically modulate non-olfactory cognitive processes, as well. The underlying RR coupling with wide-spread forebrain activity was confirmed using advanced techniques, including current source density and phase modulation of local gamma activity, creating solid premise for investigating how higher networks use this mechanism in their communication. Here we show essential differences in the way prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) processes the RR signal from the olfactory bulb (OB) allowing dynamic PFC-HC coupling utilizing this input. We found stable OB-PFC coherence in waking contrasting low but highly variable OB-HC coherence. PFC-HC coupling however primarily correlated with the latter, indicating that HC access to the PFC output readily segmented and shaped by RR in the delta range is dynamically regulated by the responsiveness of HC to the common rhythmic drive.

scholarly journals Delta-range coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus supported by respiratory rhythmic input from the olfactory bulb in freely behaving rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Mofleh ◽  
Bernat Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
The Common

Abstract An explosion of recent findings firmly demonstrated that brain activity and cognitive function in rodents and humans are modulated synchronously with nasal respiration. Rhythmic respiratory (RR) coupling of wide-spread forebrain activity was confirmed using advanced techniques, including current source density analysis, single unit firing, and phase modulation of local gamma activity, creating solid premise for investigating how higher networks use this mechanism in their communication. Here we show essential differences in the way prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) process the RR signal from the olfactory bulb (OB) allowing dynamic PFC-HC coupling utilizing this input. We used inter-regional coherences and their correlations in rats, breathing at low rate (~ 2 Hz) at rest, outside of the short sniffing bouts. We found strong and stable OB-PFC coherence, contrasting OB-HC coherence which was low but highly variable. PFC-HC coupling, however, primarily correlated with the latter, indicating that HC access to the PFC output is dynamically regulated by the responsiveness of HC to the common rhythmic drive. This pattern was present in both theta and non-theta states of waking, whereas PFC-HC communication appeared protected from RR synchronization in sleep states. The findings help to understand the mechanism of rhythmic modulation of non-olfactory cognitive processes by the on-going regular respiration, reported in rodents as well as humans. These mechanisms may also be important to understand how OB-pathology may lead to neurological consequences, similar to known olfactory disturbances in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Delta-range coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus supported by respiratory rhythmic input from the olfactory bulb in freely behaving rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Mofleh ◽  
Bernat Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
The Common

Abstract An explosion of recent findings firmly demonstrated that brain activity and cognitive function in rodents and humans are modulated synchronously with nasal respiration. Rhythmic respiratory (RR) coupling of wide-spread forebrain activity was confirmed using advanced techniques, including current source density analysis, single unit firing, and phase modulation of local gamma activity, creating solid premise for investigating how higher networks use this mechanism in their communication. Here we show essential differences in the way prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) process the RR signal from the olfactory bulb (OB) allowing dynamic PFC-HC coupling utilizing this input. We used inter-regional coherences and their correlations in rats, breathing at low rate (~2 Hz) at rest, outside of the short sniffing bouts. We found strong and stable OB-PFC coherence, contrasting OB-HC coherence which was low but highly variable. PFC-HC coupling, however, primarily correlated with the latter, indicating that HC access to the PFC output is dynamically regulated by the responsiveness of HC to the common rhythmic drive. This pattern was present in both theta and non-theta states of waking, whereas PFC-HC communication appeared protected from RR synchronization in sleep states. The findings help to understand the mechanism of rhythmic modulation of non-olfactory cognitive processes by the on-going regular respiration, reported in rodents as well as humans. These mechanisms may also be important to understand how OB-pathology may lead to neurological consequences, similar to known olfactory disturbances in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Delta-range coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus supported by respiratory rhythmic input from the olfactory bulb in freely behaving rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Mofleh ◽  
Bernat Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractRespiratory rhythm (RR) during sniffing is known to couple with hippocampal theta rhythm. However, outside of the short sniffing bouts, a more stable ~ 2 Hz RR was recently shown to rhythmically modulate non-olfactory cognitive processes, as well. The underlying RR coupling with wide-spread forebrain activity was confirmed using advanced techniques, creating solid premise for investigating how higher networks use this mechanism in their communication. Here we show essential differences in the way prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) process the RR signal from the olfactory bulb (OB) that may support dynamic, flexible PFC-HC coupling utilizing this input. We used inter-regional coherences and their correlations in rats, breathing at low rate (~ 2 Hz), outside of the short sniffing bouts. We found strong and stable OB-PFC coherence in wake states, contrasting OB-HC coherence which was low but highly variable. Importantly, this variability was essential for establishing PFC-HC synchrony at RR, whereas variations of RRO in OB and PFC had no significant effect. The findings help to understand the mechanism of rhythmic modulation of non-olfactory cognitive processes by the on-going regular respiration, reported in rodents as well as humans. These mechanisms may be impaired when nasal breathing is limited or in OB-pathology, including malfunctions of the olfactory epithelium due to infections, such as in Covid-19.

Medial prefrontal cortex cells show dynamic modulation with the hippocampal theta rhythm dependent on behavior

Hippocampus ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Hyman ◽  
Eric A. Zilli ◽  
Amanda M. Paley ◽  
Michael E. Hasselmo
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Hippocampal Theta Rhythm ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

scholarly journals Respiratory coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats anesthetized with urethane in theta and non-theta states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Mofleh ◽  
Bernat Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
The Common ◽  
Respiratory Modulation

Respiratory modulation of forebrain activity, long considered hard to reliably separate from breathing artifacts, has been firmly established in recent years using a variety of advanced techniques. Respiratory related oscillation (RRO) is derived from rhythmic nasal airflow in the olfactory bulb (OB) and is conveyed to higher order brain networks, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC), where it may potentially contribute to communication between these structures by synchronizing their activities at the respiratory rate. RRO was shown to change with sleep-wake states, it is strongest in quiet waking, somewhat less in active waking, characterized with theta activity in the HC, and absent in sleep. The goal of this study was to test RRO synchronization between PFC and HC under urethane anesthesia where theta and non-theta states spontaneously alternate. We found that in theta states, PFC-HC coherences significantly correlated with OB-HC but not with OB-PFC, even though RRO was stronger in PFC than in HC. In non-theta states, PFC-HC synchrony correlated with coherences connecting OB to either PFC or HC. Thus, similar to freely behaving rats, PFC-HC synchrony at RRO was primarily dependent on the response of HC to the common rhythmic drive, but only in theta state. The findings help outlining the value and the limits of applications in which urethane-anesthetized rats can be used for modeling the neural mechanisms of RRO in behaving animals.

Carotid and cardiopulmonary chemoreceptor activity increases hippocampal theta rhythm in conscious rabbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. R973-R979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Hui Yu ◽  
W. W. Blessing
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Conscious Rabbits ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Hippocampal Eeg ◽  
The Brain

We have examined whether activation of carotid artery chemoreceptors causes alerting in conscious rabbits. Injection of phenylbiguanide (a 5-hydroxytryptamine3-receptor agonist) into the common carotid artery of conscious rabbits increased the proportion of theta rhythm in the hippocampal EEG, commencing in the first 5-s epoch after the injection. Intravenous injection of phenylbiguanide also increased the proportion of theta rhythm in the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG), but the onset of the change was not until the second 5-s epoch following injection. Injection of Ringer solution, either into the common carotid artery or into the marginal ear vein, did not affect the hippocampal EEG. Results suggest that phenylbiguanide-mediated activation of carotid and cardiopulmonary chemoreceptor afferents alerts the animal, as assessed by induction of theta rhythm in the hippocampal EEG. This alerting response presumably reflects the action of neural inputs that enter the brain with the carotid sinus nerve at the level of the medulla oblongata.

scholarly journals The rhythm of memory: how breathing shapes memory function

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef H. Heck ◽  
Robert Kozma ◽  
Leslie M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
New Findings

The mammalian olfactory bulb displays a prominent respiratory rhythm, which is linked to the sniff cycle and is driven by sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nasal sensory epithelium. In rats and mice, respiratory frequencies occupy the same band as the hippocampal θ-rhythm, which has been shown to be a key player in memory processes. Hippocampal and olfactory bulb rhythms were previously found to be uncorrelated except in specific odor-contingency learning circumstances. However, many recent electrophysiological studies in both rodents and humans reveal a surprising cycle-by-cycle influence of nasal respiration on neuronal activity throughout much of the cerebral cortex beyond the olfactory system, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and subcortical structures. In addition, respiratory phase has been shown to influence higher-frequency oscillations associated with cognitive functions, including attention and memory, such as the power of γ-rhythms and the timing of hippocampal sharp wave ripples. These new findings support respiration’s role in cognitive function, which is supported by studies in human subjects, in which nasal respiration has been linked to memory processes. Here, we review recent reports from human and rodent experiments that link respiration to the modulation of memory function and the neurophysiological processes involved in memory in rodents and humans. We argue that respiratory influence on the neuronal activity of two key memory structures, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, provides a potential neuronal mechanism behind respiratory modulation of memory.

scholarly journals Hippocampal-Prefrontal Interactions during Spatial Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas CS Tavares ◽  
Adriano BL Tort
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Choice Point ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Spatial Alternation ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
Alternation Task

AbstractThe hippocampus has been linked to memory encoding and spatial navigation, while the prefrontal cortex is associated with cognitive functions such as decision-making. These regions are hypothesized to communicate in tasks that demand both spatial navigation and decision-making processes. However, the electrophysiological signatures underlying this communication remain to be better elucidated. To investigate the dynamics of the hippocampal-prefrontal interactions, we have analyzed their local field potentials and spiking activity recorded from rats performing an odor-cued spatial alternation task in an 8-shaped maze. We found that the phase coherence of theta peaked around the choice point area of the maze. Moreover, Granger causality revealed a hippocampus->prefrontal cortex directionality of information flow at theta frequency, peaking at starting areas of the maze, and on the reverse direction at delta frequency, peaking near the turn onset. Additionally, the patterns of phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling within and between the regions also showed spatial selectivity, and a new method revealed that hippocampal theta and prefrontal delta modulated not only gamma amplitude but also inter-regional gamma synchrony. Lastly, we found that the theta rhythm dynamically modulated neurons in both regions, with the highest modulation at the choice area; interestingly, prefrontal cortex neurons were more strongly modulated by the hippocampal theta rhythm than by their local field rhythm. In all, our results reveal maximum electrophysiological interactions between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex near the decision-making period of the spatial alternation task. These results corroborate the hypothesis that a dynamic interplay between these regions takes place during spatial decisions.

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