scholarly journals Serial Section-Based 3D Reconstruction of Anaxagorea (Annonaceae) Carpel Vasculature and Implications on Integrated Axial-Foliar Origin of Angiosperm Carpels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Basic Unit ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Basal Ring ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Homologous Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin ◽  
Circular Arrangement ◽  
Lateral Bundle

The carpel is the basic unit of the gynoecium in angiosperms and one of the most important morphological features distinguishing angiosperms from gymnosperms; therefore, carpel origin is of great significance in angiosperm phylogenetic origin. Recent consensus favors the interpretation that the carpel originates from the fusion of an ovule-bearing axis and the phyllome that subtends it. It has been confirmed by morphological and molecular evidence that foliar homologs are involved in carpel evolution. Consequently, if axial homologs can be traced in the carpel, it would more likely be derived from an integrated axial-foliar structure. This study aimed to reveal the axial structures in carpels by analyzing the continuous changes in vasculature from the receptacle to the carpels and ovules. Anaxagorea is the most basal genus in a primitive angiosperm family, Annonaceae. The conspicuous carpel stipe at the base of each carpel makes it an ideal material for exploring the possible axial homologous structure in the carpel. In this study, floral organogenesis and the topological vasculature structure were delineated in Anaxagorea luzonensis and Anaxagorea javanica, and a 3D-model of the carpel vasculature was reconstructed based on the serial sections. The results show that (1) at the flowering stage, the number of vascular bundles entering each Anaxagorea carpel from the receptacle was significantly higher than three, arranged in a radiosymmetric pattern, and forming a basal ring at the base of each carpel. (2) All carpel bundles were only connected with the central stele. (3) At the slightly upper part of the carpel, all lateral bundles from the basal ring were reorganized into two groups, each forming a lateral bundle complex below the respective placenta. Bundles in each lateral bundle complex were also ringed. (4) The ovule bundles were composed of non-adjacent bundles in the lateral bundle complex. The results of the present study suggest that the circular arrangement of bundles in the receptacle, carpel stipe, and placenta of Anaxagorea are in line with the composite axial-foliar nature of the carpel, and provide a morphological basis for further research on the origin of the carpel.

scholarly journals Transcriptional control of local auxin distribution by the CsDFB1-CsPHB module regulates floral organogenesis in cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. e2023942118
Author(s):  
Jing Nie ◽  
Nan Shan ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Xuehui Yao ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Plant cystatins are cysteine proteinase inhibitors that play key roles in defense responses. In this work, we describe an unexpected role for the cystatin-like protein DEFORMED FLORAL BUD1 (CsDFB1) as a transcriptional regulator of local auxin distribution in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). CsDFB1 was strongly expressed in the floral meristems, floral primordia, and vasculature. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of CsDFB1 led to a significantly increased number of floral organs and vascular bundles, together with a pronounced accumulation of auxin. Conversely, accompanied by a decrease of auxin, overexpression of CsDFB1 resulted in a dramatic reduction in floral organ number and an obvious defect in vascular patterning, as well as organ fusion. CsDFB1 physically interacted with the cucumber ortholog of PHABULOSA (CsPHB), an HD-ZIP III transcription factor whose transcripts exhibit the same pattern as CsDFB1. Overexpression of CsPHB increased auxin accumulation in shoot tips and induced a floral phenotype similar to that of CsDFB1-RNAi lines. Furthermore, genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that CsDFB1 impairs CsPHB-mediated transcriptional regulation of the auxin biosynthetic gene YUCCA2 and the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1, and thus plays a pivotal role in auxin distribution. In summary, we propose that the CsDFB1-CsPHB module represents a regulatory pathway for local auxin distribution that governs floral organogenesis and vascular differentiation in cucumber.

Phylogenetic origin ofBeckmannia(Poaceae) inferred from molecular evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Mei XU ◽  
Chang-You QU ◽  
Wen-Guang YU ◽  
Xue-Jie ZHANG ◽  
Fa-Zeng LI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin

Direct molecular evidence for the expression of the 5-HT4 receptor in rat colonocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A171-A171
Author(s):  
M STONER ◽  
D YAGER ◽  
J KELLUM
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evidence

A new species of Contomastix (Squamata, Teiidae) supported by total evidence, with remarks on diagnostic characters defining the genus

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Mario. R. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Formerly Cnemidophorus was thought to be the most speciose genus of Teiidae. This genus comprised four morphological groups that were later defined as four different genera, Ameivula, Aurivela, Cnemidophorus and Contomastix. The last appears as paraphyletic in a recent phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphology, but monophyletic in a reconstruction using molecular characters. Six species are allocated to Contomastix. One of them, C. lacertoides, having an extensive and disjunct geographic distribution in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Preliminary analyses revealed morphological differences among its populations, suggesting that it is actually a complex of species. Here, we describe a new species corresponding to the Argentinian populations hitherto regarded as C. lacertoides, by integrating morphological and molecular evidence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of notched proximal margin of the tongue is a character that defines the genus Contomastix.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

Molecular evidence of osteoblast dysfunction in elderly men with osteoporotic hip fractures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Foger-Samwald ◽  
Alaghebandan Afarin ◽  
Janina Patsch ◽  
Doris Schamall ◽  
Sylvia Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Elderly Men

Yu.F. Samarin’s Model of the National State: Between Archaic and Modern

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Alexey B. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
National State ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Ethnocultural Community ◽  
Communicative Space

Yu. F. Samarin’s works are traditionally viewed through the prism of his affiliation with Slavophilism. His view of the state is opposed to the idea of the complex empire based on unequal interaction of the central power with the elite of national districts. At the same time it was important for Samarin to see the nation not as an ethnocultural community, but as classless community of equal citizens, who were in identical position in the face of the emperor. Samarin’s attitude to religion and nationality had pragmatic character and were understood as means for the creation of the uniform communicative space inside the state. This position for the most part conformed with the framework of the national state basic model, however there still existed one fundamental difference. Samarin considered not an individual, but the rural community that owned the land, to be the basic unit of the national state. As the result the model of national state was viewed as the synthesis of modernistic (classlessness, pragmatism, equality) and archaic (communality) features.

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