scholarly journals Recognition memory: familiarity signals increase selectively in the lateral entorhinal cortex following hippocampal lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Mahnke ◽  
Erika Atucha ◽  
Takashi Kitsukawa ◽  
Magdalena M. Sauvage
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Tonic Inhibition ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Enhance Activity

AbstractThe sense of familiarity for events is crucial for successful recognition memory. However, the neural substrate and mechanisms supporting familiarity remain unclear. Some human and animal studies suggest that the lateral entorhinal (LEC) and the perirhinal (PER) cortices might be essential for familiarity judgments while others attribute this function to the hippocampus (HIP) and it is unclear whether LEC, PER and HIP interact within this frame. Here, we especially investigate if LEC and PER’s contribution to familiarity depends on hippocampal integrity. Using a human to rat translational memory task and high resolution IEG imaging, we report that hippocampal lesions selectively enhance activity in LEC during familiarity judgments. These findings suggest that different mechanisms support familiarity in LEC and PER and, that HIP might exert a tonic inhibition on LEC during recognition memory that might be released when HIP is compromised, possibly constituting a compensatory mechanism in aging and amnesic patients.

scholarly journals Lesion of the hippocampus selectively enhances LEC’s activity during recognition memory based on familiarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Mahnke ◽  
Erika Atucha ◽  
Eneko Pina-Fernàndez ◽  
Takashi Kitsukawa ◽  
Magdalena M. Sauvage
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Tonic Inhibition ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Enhance Activity ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe sense of familiarity for events is crucial for successful recognition memory. However, the neural substrate and mechanisms supporting familiarity remain unclear. A major controversy in memory research is whether the parahippocampal areas, especially the lateral entorhinal (LEC) and the perirhinal (PER) cortices, support familiarity or whether the hippocampus (HIP) does. In addition, it is unclear if LEC, PER and HIP interact within this frame. Here, we especially investigate if LEC and PER's contribution to familiarity depends on hippocampal integrity. To do so, we compare LEC and PER neural activity between rats with intact hippocampus performing on a human to rat translational task relying on both recollection and familiarity and rats with hippocampal lesions that have been shown to then rely on familiarity to perform the same task. Using high resolution Immediate Early Gene imaging, we report that hippocampal lesions enhance activity in LEC during familiarity judgments but not PER’s. These findings suggest that different mechanisms support familiarity in LEC and PER and led to the hypothesis that HIP might exert a tonic inhibition on LEC during recognition memory that is released when HIP is compromised, possibly constituting a compensatory mechanism in aging and amnesic patients.

scholarly journals Lesion of The Hippocampus Selectively Enhances LEC's Activity During Recognition Memory Based On Familiarity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Mahnke ◽  
Erika Atucha ◽  
Eneko Pina-Fernàndez ◽  
Takashi Kitsukawa ◽  
Magdalena M. Sauvage
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Tonic Inhibition ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Enhance Activity ◽  
Do So

Abstract The sense of familiarity for events is crucial for successful recognition memory. However, the neural substrate and mechanisms supporting familiarity remain unclear. A major controversy in memory research is whether the parahippocampal areas, especially the lateral entorhinal (LEC) and the perirhinal (PER) cortices, support familiarity or whether the hippocampus (HIP) does. In addition, it is unclear if LEC, PER and HIP interact within this frame. Here, we especially investigate if LEC and PER's contribution to familiarity depends on hippocampal integrity. To do so, we compare LEC and PER neural activity between rats with intact hippocampus performing on a human to rat translational task relying on both recollection and familiarity and rats with hippocampal lesions that have been shown to then rely on familiarity to perform the same task. Using high resolution Immediate Early Gene imaging, we report that hippocampal lesions enhance activity in LEC during familiarity judgments but not PER’s. These findings suggest that different mechanisms support familiarity in LEC and PER and led to the hypothesis that HIP might exert a tonic inhibition on LEC during recognition memory that is released when HIP is compromised, possibly constituting a compensatory mechanism in aging and amnesic patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration on Human Encoding and Recall Memory Function: A Pharmacological fMRI Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs G. Bossong ◽  
Gerry Jager ◽  
Hendrika H. van Hell ◽  
Lineke Zuurman ◽  
J. Martijn Jansma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
The Right

Deficits in memory function are an incapacitating aspect of various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Animal studies have recently provided strong evidence for involvement of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in memory function. Neuropsychological studies in humans have shown less convincing evidence but suggest that administration of cannabinoid substances affects encoding rather than recall of information. In this study, we examined the effects of perturbation of the eCB system on memory function during both encoding and recall. We performed a pharmacological MRI study with a placebo-controlled, crossover design, investigating the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhalation on associative memory-related brain function in 13 healthy volunteers. Performance and brain activation during associative memory were assessed using a pictorial memory task, consisting of separate encoding and recall conditions. Administration of THC caused reductions in activity during encoding in the right insula, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the left middle occipital gyrus and a network-wide increase in activity during recall, which was most prominent in bilateral cuneus and precuneus. THC administration did not affect task performance, but while during placebo recall activity significantly explained variance in performance, this effect disappeared after THC. These findings suggest eCB involvement in encoding of pictorial information. Increased precuneus activity could reflect impaired recall function, but the absence of THC effects on task performance suggests a compensatory mechanism. These results further emphasize the eCB system as a potential novel target for treatment of memory disorders and a promising target for development of new therapies to reduce memory deficits in humans.

scholarly journals Similar time course of fast familiarity and slow recollection processes for recognition memory in humans and macaques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhemeng Wu ◽  
Martina Kavanova ◽  
Lydia Hickman ◽  
Fiona Lin ◽  
Mark J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection

AbstractAccording to dual-process theory, recognition memory performance draws upon two processes, familiarity and recollection. The relative contribution to recognition memory are commonly distinguished in humans by analyzing receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curves; analogous methods are more complex and very rare in animals but fast familiarity and slow recollective-like processes (FF/SR) have been detected in non-human primates (NHPs) based on analyzing recognition error response time profiles. The relative utility of these methods to investigate familiarity and recollection/recollection-like processes across species is uncertain; indeed, even how comparable the FF/SR measures are across humans and NHPs remains unclear. Therefore in this study a broadly similar recognition memory task was exploited in both humans and NHPs to investigate the time course of the two recognition processes. We first show that the FF/SR dissociation exists in this task in human participants and then we demonstrate a similar profile in NHPs which suggests that FF/SR processes are comparable across species. We then verified, using ROC-derived indices for each time-bin in the FF/SR profile, that the ROC and FF/DR measures are related. Hence we argue that the FF/SR approach, procedurally easier in animals, can be used as a decent proxy to investigate these two recognition processes in future animal studies, important given that scant data exists as to the neural basis underlying recollection yet many of the most informative techniques primarily exist in animal models.

Perceptual and Linguistic Encoding in Recognition Memory and Paired-Associate Learning

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar A. Chenoweth ◽  
Gerry L. Wilcove
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Paired Associates

A perceptual paired-associates task was presented in which pictures of objects and consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams served as stimulus and response members of the P-A unit, respectively. Introductory psychology students had been classified previously into encoding groups on the basis of their performance on a memory task. The prediction that the linguistic encoders would learn the PA task more slowly than the perceptual encoders was supported by the results.

scholarly journals The Caudal Medial Entorhinal Cortex: a Selective Role in Recollection-Based Recognition Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (46) ◽  
pp. 15695-15699 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Sauvage ◽  
Z. Beer ◽  
M. Ekovich ◽  
L. Ho ◽  
H. Eichenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Medial Entorhinal Cortex

Age Effects in the Processing of Typical and Distinctive Faces

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Johnston ◽  
Hadyn D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Differential Processing ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Adults And Children

Two experiments exploring the differential processing of distinctive and typical faces by adults and children are reported. Experiment 1 employed a recognition memory task. On three out of four dimensions of measurement, children of 5 years of age did not show an advantage for distinctive faces, whereas older children and adults did. In Experiment 2, however, subjects of all ages classified typical faces faster than distinctive ones in a face/non-face decision task: the 5-year-olds performed exactly as did adults and older children. The different patterns in performance between these two tasks are discussed in relation to possible cognitive architectures for the way young children represent faces in memory. Specifically, we examine two alternative architectures proposed by Ellis (1992) as precursors for Valentine's (1991a) multidimensional adult face-space and discuss whether implementations of these spaces should be based on a norm-based or an exemplar-based framework.

scholarly journals When twice is better than once: increased liking of repeated items influences memory in younger and older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Palumbo ◽  
Alberto Di Domenico ◽  
Beth Fairfield ◽  
Nicola Mammarella
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Mere Exposure Effect ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Repeated Presentation ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Numerous studies have reported that the repeated presentation of a stimulus leads to an increase in positive affect towards the stimulus itself (the so-called mere exposure effect). Here, we evaluate whether changes in liking due to repetition may have a differential impact on subsequent memories in younger and older adults. Method In two experiments, younger and older adults were asked to rate a series of nonwords (Experiment 1) or unfamiliar neutral faces (Experiment 2) in terms of how much they like them and then presented with a surprise yes–no recognition memory task. At study, items were repeated either consecutively (massed presentation) or with a lag of 6 intervening items (spaced presentation). Results In both experiments, participants rated spaced repeated items more positively than massed items, i.e. they liked them most. Moreover, older adults remembered spaced stimuli that they liked most better than younger adults. Conclusions The findings are discussed in accordance with the mechanisms underlying positivity effects in memory and the effect of repetition on memory encoding.

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