scholarly journals mRNA and Small RNA-seq Reveal Insights into Immune Regulation in Apis cerana after Chinese Sacbrood Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun Deng ◽  
Hongxia Zhao ◽  
Shuo Shen ◽  
Sa Yang ◽  
Dahe Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Go Annotation ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Cuticle Proteins

Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) is a serious threat to eastern honeybees (Apis cerana), especially larvae. However, the pathological mechanism of this deadly disease is remains unclear. Here, we employed an mRNA-seq and sRNA-seq approach in healthy and CSBV-infected 3rd Apis cerana larval. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis of 203 differentially expressed genes showed that CSBV infection affected host development by up-regulating the expression of larval cuticle proteins, such as larval cuticle proteins A1A and A3A, resulting in elevated susceptibility to CSBV. In addition, viral infection not only affected the expression of serine protease related to the melanization pathway and but also altered fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis, thus progressed to disturb host immune response. Interestingly, GO annotation and KEGG analysis on target genes of CSBV-specific siRNA (vsiRNAs) showed that serine/threonine kinase activity and serine-type endopeptidas as well as fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). Among these vsiRNAs, vsiRNA-1441 with relatively high expression targeted extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase. This study provides new evidence that CSBV attacks a distinct immune response pathway and mediates the expression of cuticle protein to gain the more chance of proliferation.

scholarly journals Identification of Immune Response to Sacbrood Virus Infection in Apis cerana Under Natural Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun Deng ◽  
Hongxia Zhao ◽  
Shuo Shen ◽  
Sa Yang ◽  
Dahe Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Natural Condition ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Sacbrood Virus

scholarly journals Effects of overexpression of STB5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on fatty acid biosynthesis, physiology and transcriptome

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bergman ◽  
Dóra Vitay ◽  
John Hellgren ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Jens Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Glucose Limitation ◽  
Production Route ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTMicrobial conversion of biomass to fatty acids (FA) and products derived thereof is an attractive alternative to the traditional oleochemical production route from animal and plant lipids. This study examined if NADPH-costly FA biosynthesis could be enhanced by overexpressing the transcription factor Stb5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Stb5 activates expression of multiple genes encoding enzymes within the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and other NADPH-producing reactions. Overexpression of STB5 led to a decreased growth rate and an increased free fatty acid (FFA) production during growth on glucose. The improved FFA synthetic ability in the glucose phase was shown to be independent of flux through the oxidative PPP. RNAseq analysis revealed that STB5 overexpression had wide-ranging effects on the transcriptome in the batch phase, and appeared to cause a counterintuitive phenotype with reduced flux through the oxidative PPP. During glucose limitation, when an increased NADPH supply is likely less harmful, an overall induction of the proposed target genes of Stb5 (eg. GND1/2, TAL1, ALD6, YEF1) was observed. Taken together, the strategy of utilizing STB5 overexpression to increase NADPH supply for reductive biosynthesis is suggested to have potential in strains engineered to have strong ability to consume excess NADPH, alleviating a potential redox imbalance.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiles of Long Non-coding RNAs Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis at Filling Stage of Soybean Pods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohan Ma ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Mohamed Khalifa ◽  
Meng Teng ◽  
Aijing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Low Linolenic

Abstract Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of more than 200 nucleotides. To date, the roles of lncRNAs in soybean fatty acid synthesis have not been fully studied. Here, the low-linolenic acid ‘mutant 72’ (MT72) and the wild-type control ‘JiNong 18’(JN18) were used. Based on the previously published data on lncRNAs related RNA-seq in young pods of soybean 30 d to 40 d after flowering, lncRNAs and mRNAs from soybean pods 50 d after flowering were identified using high-throughput sequencing. The possible target genes of lncRNAs were predicted, and the functions related to fatty acid synthesis were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).Results: A total of 10,500 lncRNAs and 54,370 mRNAs were identified, and 115 possible target genes of 1,805 differentially expressed lncRNAs were found to be involved in fatty acid synthesis. A network of lncRNAs and mRNAs was constructed, and a total of 604 lncRNAs and 1,484 mRNAs had regulatory relationships. Among them, 115 target genes of 77 lncRNAs were directly or indirectly involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.Conclusions: The function related to fatty acid synthesis was predicted by differential expression of the target gene mRNAs interacting with lncRNAs. In conclusion, our results provide a theoretical basis for studies on fatty acid synthesis of lncRNAs in soybean.

Inhibition of early steps of de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis by different xenobiotica

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Manfred Focke ◽  
Andrea Feld ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Development of 'S', 'N’ Heterocycles as Antimycobacterials Targeting Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Dahiwade ◽  
S. R. Rochlani ◽  
P. B. Choudhari ◽  
R. P. Dhavale ◽  
H. N. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative organism of tuberculosis, which is most deadly disease after cancer in a current decade. The development of multidrug and broadly drug- resistant strains making the tuberculosis problem more and more critical. In last 40 years, only one molecule is added to the treatment regimen. Generally, drug design and development programs are targeted proteins whose function is known to be essential to the bacterial cell. Objectives: Reported here are the development of 'S', 'N’ heterocycles as antimycobacterials targeting fatty acid biosynthesis. Material and Methods: In the present communication, rational development of anti-mycobacterial agent's targeting fatty acid biosynthesis has been done by integrating the pocket modelling and virtual analysis. Results: The identified potential 33 lead compounds were synthesized, characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods like IR, NMR spectroscopy and further screened for antimycobacterial activity using isoniazid as standard. All the designed compounds have shown profound antimycobacterial activity. Conclusion: In this present communication, we found that 3c, 3f, 3l and 4k molecules had expressive desirable biological activity and specific interactions with fatty acids. Further optimization of these leads is necessary for the development of potential antimycobacterial drug candidate having less side effects.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Pepino Leaves Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocellular Lipotoxicity via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Jen-Ying Hsu ◽  
Hui-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Charng-Cherng Chyau ◽  
Zhi-Hong Wang ◽  
Jing-Hsien Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Nrf2 Expression

Saturated fatty acid is one of the important nutrients, but contributes to lipotoxicity in the liver, causing hepatic steatosis. Aqueous pepino leaf extract (AEPL) in the previous study revealed alleviated liver lipid accumulation in metabolic syndrome mice. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of AEPL on saturated long-chain fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Moreover, the phytochemical composition of AEPL was identified in the present study. HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) were used for exploring the effect of AEPL on lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ER stress, and antioxidant response. The chemical composition of AEPL was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. AEPL treatment reduced PA-induced ROS production and lipid accumulation. Further molecular results revealed that AEPL restored cytochrome c in mitochondria and decreased caspase 3 activity to cease apoptosis. In addition, AEPL in PA-stressed HepG2 cells significantly reduced the ER stress and suppressed SREBP-1 activation for decreasing lipogenesis. For defending PA-induced oxidative stress, AEPL promoted Nrf2 expression and its target genes, SOD1 and GPX3, expressions. The present study suggested that AEPL protected from PA-induced lipotoxicity through reducing ER stress, increasing antioxidant ability, and inhibiting apoptosis. The efficacy of AEPL on lipotoxicity was probably concerned with kaempferol and isorhamnetin derived compounds.

scholarly journals Genome-edited Camelina sativa with a unique fatty acid content and its potential impact on ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kawall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Multiple Copies

Abstract‘Genome editing’ is intended to accelerate modern plant breeding enabling a much faster and more efficient development of crops with improved traits such as increased yield, altered nutritional composition, as well as resistance to factors of biotic and abiotic stress. These traits are often generated by site-directed nuclease-1 (SDN-1) applications that induce small, targeted changes in the plant genomes. These intended alterations can be combined in a way to generate plants with genomes that are altered on a larger scale than it is possible with conventional breeding techniques. The power and the potential of genome editing comes from its highly effective mode of action being able to generate different allelic combinations of genes, creating, at its most efficient, homozygous gene knockouts. Additionally, multiple copies of functional genes can be targeted all at once. This is especially relevant in polyploid plants such as Camelina sativa which contain complex genomes with multiple chromosome sets. Intended alterations induced by genome editing have potential to unintentionally alter the composition of a plant and/or interfere with its metabolism, e.g., with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phytohormones or other biomolecules. This could affect diverse defense mechanisms and inter-/intra-specific communication of plants having a direct impact on associated ecosystems. This review focuses on the intended alterations in crops mediated by SDN-1 applications, the generation of novel genotypes and the ecological effects emerging from these intended alterations. Genome editing applications in C. sativa are used to exemplify these issues in a crop with a complex genome. C. sativa is mainly altered in its fatty acid biosynthesis and used as an oilseed crop to produce biofuels.

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