scholarly journals Newborn dried blood spots for serological surveys of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feimei Liu ◽  
Mytien Nguyen ◽  
Pavithra Vijayakumar ◽  
Alanna Kaplan ◽  
Amit Meir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Spots

As COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, the need for inexpensive, large-scale prevalence surveillance testing increases. We present a method for testing newborn dried blood spots (DBS) for anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies, and demonstrate its applicability as an easily accessible proxy for measuring maternal seroprevalence.

scholarly journals Comparison of dried blood spots and venous blood for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of nursing home residents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Meyers ◽  
Stefan Heytens ◽  
Asangwing Formukong ◽  
Hanne Vercruysse ◽  
An De Sutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Blood Spots

In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, testing for SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies is paramount to monitor immune responses in post-authorization vaccination and sero-epidemiology studies. However, large scale and iterative serological testing by venipuncture in older persons can be challenging. Capillary blood sampled using a finger prick and collected on protein saver cards, i.e. dried blood spots (DBS), has already proven to be a promising alternative. However, elderly persons have a reduced cutaneous microvasculature, which may affect DBS-based antibody testing. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance of DBS for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in nursing homes residents. We collected venous blood and paired Whatman and EUROIMMUN DBS from nursing home residents, and from staff as a reference population. Venous blood samples were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using the Abbot chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). DBS were analyzed by the EUROIMMUN enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. We performed a statistical assessment to optimize the ELISA cut-off value for the DBS using the Youden's J index. A total of 273 paired DBS-serum samples were analyzed, of which 129 were positive as assessed by the reference test. The sensitivities and specificities of DBS ranged from 95% to 97.1% and from 97.1% to 98.8%, respectively, depending on population (residents or staff) or DBS card type. These results demonstrate that DBS sampling is a valid alternative to venepuncture for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the elderly.

scholarly journals Measurement of Glycated Hemoglobin A1c from Dried Blood by Turbidimetric Immunoassay

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishnan Lakshmy ◽  
Ruby Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
The Impact

Background: Glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) is an important marker in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Dried blood measurement of A1C is useful in large scale epidemiological evaluation of A1C, especially to assess the impact of intervention programs. The possibility of using dried blood for measurement of A1C by the immunoturbidimetric method was explored in the present study. Method: Blood was collected from 30 patients, and blood spots were prepared and dried. The dried blood spot samples were kept for different lengths of time at 4°C to assess stability. Glycated hemoglobin was measured in whole blood and dried blood on the day of collection as well as on days 10 and 15 by immunoturbidimetric method. Results: The A1C values of 30 samples analyzed for comparison between whole blood estimation and dried blood ranged from 4.6% to 9.9%. The mean A1C on the day of sample collection was 6.01% ± 1.58% in fresh whole blood samples and 5.94% ± 1.58 % in dried blood spots. A linear and highly correlated relationship was observed between dried blood A1C values and those in whole blood ( r = 0.986 and intraclass correlation value = 0.993). Glycated hemoglobin values on day 10 and day 15 were comparable with the values on day 1 with a shift in mean of just 1% on day 10 and 3.04% on day 15. Conclusion: In conclusion, dried blood can be used for measurement of A1C by immunoturbidimetric method, and further stability of A1C measurement from dried blood for up to 15 days at 4°C makes it an ideal matrix for transportation in developing countries like India.

scholarly journals Enzymatic diagnosis of Pompe disease: lessons from 28 years of experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Y. Niño ◽  
Mark Wijgerde ◽  
Douglas Oliveira Soares de Faria ◽  
Marianne Hoogeveen-Westerveld ◽  
Atze J. Bergsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorder ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biochemical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Abstract Pompe disease is a lysosomal and neuromuscular disorder caused by deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), and causes classic infantile, childhood onset, or adulthood onset phenotypes. The biochemical diagnosis is based on GAA activity assays in dried blood spots, leukocytes, or fibroblasts. Diagnosis can be complicated by the existence of pseudodeficiencies, i.e., GAA variants that lower GAA activity but do not cause Pompe disease. A large-scale comparison between these assays for patient samples, including exceptions and borderline cases, along with clinical diagnoses has not been reported so far. Here we analyzed GAA activity in a total of 1709 diagnostic cases over the past 28 years using a total of 2591 analyses and we confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 174 patients. We compared the following assays: leukocytes using glycogen or 4MUG as substrate, fibroblasts using 4MUG as substrate, and dried blood spots using 4MUG as substrate. In 794 individuals, two or more assays were performed. We found that phenotypes could only be distinguished using fibroblasts with 4MUG as substrate. Pseudodeficiencies caused by the GAA2 allele could be ruled out using 4MUG rather than glycogen as substrate in leukocytes or fibroblasts. The Asian pseudodeficiency could only be ruled out in fibroblasts using 4MUG as substrate. We conclude that fibroblasts using 4MUG as substrate provides the most reliable assay for biochemical diagnosis and can serve to validate results from leukocytes or dried blood spots.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in dried blood spots

2021 ◽  
pp. 115425
Author(s):  
Coleman T. Turgeon ◽  
Karen A. Sanders ◽  
Dane Granger ◽  
Stephanie L. Nett ◽  
Heather Hilgart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Spots

scholarly journals Comparative performance of PCR using DNA extracted from dried blood spots and whole blood samples for malaria diagnosis: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aongart Mahittikorn ◽  
Frederick Ramirez Masangkay ◽  
Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui ◽  
Giovanni De Jesus Milanez ◽  
Manas Kotepui
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) provides a fast, inexpensive, and convenient method for large-scale epidemiological studies. This study compared the performance of PCR between DNA extracted from DBS and DNA obtained from whole blood for detecting malarial parasites. Primary studies assessing the diagnostic performance of PCR using DNA extracted from DBS and whole blood for detecting malarial parasites were obtained from the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were plotted in forest plots using Review Manager version 5.3. Statistical analysis was performed via random-effects meta-analysis. Data heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Of the 904 studies retrieved from the databases, seven were included in this study. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the comparative performance of PCR for detecting malaria parasites between DNA extracted from DBS and that extracted from whole blood (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.62–1.16; I2 = 78%). However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that PCR using DNA extracted from DBS was less accurate in detecting Plasmodium vivax than that using DNA extracted from whole blood (OR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.77–0.94). In conclusion, a significant difference in detecting P. vivax was observed between PCR using DNA extracted from DBS and that using DNA extracted from whole blood. Therefore, P. vivax in endemic areas should be identified and detected with care with PCR using DNA obtained from DBS which potentially leads to a negative result. Further studies are required to investigate the performance of PCR using DBS for detecting P. vivax and other malarial parasites to provide data in research and routine surveillance of malaria, especially with renewed efforts towards the eradication of the disease.

scholarly journals Investigating host and parasite factors surrounding seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Bama, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyirékun Somé ◽  
Thomas Bazié ◽  
Ehrlich Hanna Y. ◽  
Justin Goodwin ◽  
Aine Lehane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽  
Parasite Factors

Abstract Background: Since 2014, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ-SP) has been implemented on a large scale during the high malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso. We report in this paper the prevalence of microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection at the outset and after the first round of SMC in children under five years old in Bama, Burkina Faso, as well as host and parasite factors involved in mediating the efficacy and tolerability of SMC. Methods: Two sequential cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the first month of SMC in a rural area in southwest Burkina Faso. Blood smears and dried blood spots were collected from 106 and 93 children under five, respectively, at the start of SMC and again three weeks later. Malaria infection was detected by microscopy and by PCR from dried blood spots. For all children, day 7 plasma concentrations of desethyl-amodiaquine (DEAQ) were measured and CYP2C8 genetic variants influencing AQ metabolism were genotyped. Samples were additionally genotyped for pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y, molecular markers associated with reduced amodiaquine susceptibility. Results: 2.8% (3/106) of children were positive for Plasmodium falciparum infection by microscopy and 13.2% (14/106) by nested PCR within 2 days of SMC administration. Three weeks after SMC administration, in the same households, 4.3% (4/93) of samples were positive by microscopy and 14.0% (13/93) by PCR (p=0.0007). CYP2C8*2, associated with impaired amodiaquine metabolism, was common with an allelic frequency of 17.1% (95%CI=10.0-24.2). Day 7 concentration of DEAQ ranged from 0.48 to 362.80 ng/mL with a median concentration of 56.34 ng/mL. Pfmdr1 N86 predominated at both time points, whilst a non-significant trend towards a higher prevalence of pfcrt 76T was seen at week 3. Conclusion: This study showed a moderate prevalence of low-level malaria parasitemia in children 3 weeks following SMC during the first month of administration. Day 7 concentrations of the active DEAQ metabolite varied widely, likely reflecting variability in adherence and possibly metabolism. Our findings highlight factors that may contribute to the effectiveness of SMC in children in a high transmission setting.

scholarly journals Investigating selected host and parasite factors potentially impacting upon seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Bama, Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyirékun Somé ◽  
Thomas Bazié ◽  
Ehrlich Hanna Y. ◽  
Justin Goodwin ◽  
Aine Lehane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽  
Parasite Factors

Abstract Background: Since 2014, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with amodiaquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ-SP) has been implemented on a large scale during the high malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso. We report in this paper the prevalence of microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection at the outset and after the first round of SMC in children under five years old in Bama, Burkina Faso, as well as host and parasite factors involved in mediating the efficacy and tolerability of SMC. Methods: Two sequential cross-sectional surveys were conducted in late July and August 2017 during the first month of SMC in a rural area in southwest Burkina Faso. Blood smears and dried blood spots were collected from 106 and 93 children under five, respectively, at the start of SMC and again three weeks later. Malaria infection was detected by microscopy and by PCR from dried blood spots. For all children, day 7 plasma concentrations of desethyl-amodiaquine (DEAQ) were measured and CYP2C8 genetic variants influencing AQ metabolism were genotyped. Samples were additionally genotyped for pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y, molecular markers associated with reduced amodiaquine susceptibility. Results: 2.8% (3/106) of children were positive for Plasmodium falciparum infection by microscopy and 13.2% (14/106) by nested PCR within 2 days of SMC administration. Three weeks after SMC administration, in the same households, 4.3% (4/93) of samples were positive by microscopy and 14.0% (13/93) by PCR (p=0.0007). CYP2C8*2, associated with impaired amodiaquine metabolism, was common with an allelic frequency of 17.1% (95%CI=10.0-24.2). Day 7 concentration of DEAQ ranged from 0.48 to 362.80 ng/mL with a median concentration of 56.34 ng/mL. Pfmdr1 N86 predominated at both time points, whilst a non-significant trend towards a higher prevalence of pfcrt 76T was seen at week 3. Conclusion: This study showed a moderate prevalence of low-level malaria parasitemia in children 3 weeks following SMC during the first month of administration. Day 7 concentrations of the active DEAQ metabolite varied widely, likely reflecting variability in adherence and possibly metabolism. Our findings highlight factors that may contribute to the effectiveness of SMC in children in a high transmission setting.

A Blood Spot Assay for Apo A1 and B Lipoproteins and the Apo B/A1 Ratio

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Hirst ◽  
K Beswick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Blood Spot

A study of conditions for the elution of apo A1 and B lipopoproteins from dried blood spots has led to the development of an apo B/A1 ratio assay with results for dried blood spots which are comparable with serum assays. This assay has been developed to be suitable for large scale population screening. The concept of measuring ratios for co-eluting blood constituents improves the accuracy and precision of blood spot assays and opens up the possibility that patients could take their own blood sample and send it to the laboratory by post.

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