scholarly journals Mating pattern, duration and multiple mating in Chondromorpha severini Silvestri (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Mate Acquisition ◽  
Multiple Mate ◽  
Preference Experiment

AbstractMating behaviour of Chondromorpha severini, a polydesmid millipede was studied in the field and in the laboratory condition. Copulating pair follows the general rule of love play before actual act of coitus. Mating duration varied from one to 25 minute with an average of eight minute. Mating frequency was maximum in early and late hours of day. In the multiple mate preference experiment, 10 pairs of male and female were used to calculate preference index (Pi) of individual sex. Preference index varies from 0.65 to 0.91. The implication of multiple mating has been discussed in detail. The study confirmed that i) the species belongs to polygynandrous mating system where males are the pursuers and females are the accomplishers ii) short and long duration mating is related to mate acquisition and mate guarding respectively

scholarly journals Influence of male density on the courtship and mating duration of male rice weevils Sitophilus oryzae

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Flay ◽  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Male Density ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Antennal Contact

The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) is a major pest of stored grains throughout the world This experiment examined the capacity of male S oryzae to adjust their mating behaviour in response to male density (ie 1 5 and 10 males) maintained with a single female Results show that males spent less time in courting females with antennal contact at density 1 when compared to densities 5 and 10 Copulation duration increased in response to the increase in rival densities The mechanism behind this phenomenon may be (1) a mate guarding strategy to enhance reproductive success by reducing the chance of sperm displacement by competitors and (2) a strategy to avoid damage to the reproductive organs of their mates by multiple mating

Multiple sire mating in swine; evidence of natural selection for mating efficiency

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavon J. Sumption
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Mating Efficiency ◽  
Selection For

Evidence of natural selection for certain aspects of mating efficiency in swine are advanced based on preliminary studies with thirty-one sires, fiftyeight dams and their progeny. Selective fertilization was conclusively demonstrated. Variations in male and female mating behaviour were sufficiently large to indicate considerable non-randomness of mating frequency under the conditions of multiple sire mating (i.e. group exposure of dams to selected sires). The combined effects of the separate phenomena of selective fertilization and mating behaviour are discussed in relation to their evolutionary significance in animal breeding.

scholarly journals Evolution of male strategies with sex-ratio–dependent pay-offs: connecting pair bonds with grandmothering

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1729) ◽  
pp. 20170041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Loo ◽  
Kristen Hawkes ◽  
Peter S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Pair Bonds

Men's provisioning of mates and offspring has been central to ideas about human evolution because paternal provisioning is absent in our closest evolutionary cousins, the great apes, and is widely assumed to result in pair bonding, which distinguishes us from them. Yet mathematical modelling has shown that paternal care does not readily spread in populations where competition for multiple mates is the common male strategy. Here we add to models that point to the mating sex ratio as an explanation for pairing as pay-offs to mate guarding rise with a male-biased sex ratio. This is of interest for human evolution because our grandmothering life history shifts the mating sex ratio from female- to male-biased. Using a difference equation model, we explore the relative pay-offs for three competing male strategies (dependant care, multiple mating, mate guarding) in response to changing adult sex ratios. When fertile females are abundant, multiple mating prevails. As they become scarce, mate guarding triumphs. The threshold for this shift depends on guarding efficiency. Combined with mating sex ratios of hunter–gatherer and chimpanzee populations, these results strengthen the hypothesis that the evolution of our grandmothering life history propelled the shift to pair bonding in the human lineage. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.

Mate Guarding in Male Sand Lizards (Lacerta Agilis)

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annica Gullberg ◽  
Mats Olsson ◽  
Hakan Tegelström
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Female Age ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Mate Acquisition ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

AbstractWe investigated factors that may determine mate guarding tactics in male sand lizards. In a sample of lizards from a museum collection, larger males had larger testis, but in laboratory experiments and in a natural population larger males did not sire more offspring. Males with long inter-copulatory intervals were more successful in sperm competition than males with short inter-copulatory intervals. In the wild, the operational sex ratio (OSR, No of receptive females/No of sexually active males) declined throughout the mating season. Mean duration of mate guardings was unaffected by OSR, time to ovulation, female age and mass, and clutch size. Larger males guarded females longer and were more likely to mate guard a female of similar age. Larger males had more partners but there was no correlation between male size or guarding time and the proportion of young that males sired in clutches from females mated with several partners. Males with more partners were more successful at siring offspring in clutches from females that mated with more than one partner. We suggest that fitter males are better at both mate acquisition and have more competitive sperm.

Mating behaviour and fecundity of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea Hmps. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Pheromone Communication ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Egg Fertility

AbstractExperiments in Malawi showed that the (log) number of males of Diparopsis castanea Hmps. attracted to sex pheromone traps was linearly related to the (log) number of virgin females used as attractant. Virgins remained sexually attractive for up to 31 days but were maximally attractive three nights following emergence; 97·7% of light-trapped females were mated, a small proportion having mated four times. Numbers of matings were directly correlated with temperature at 22.00 h, but relative humidity had little effect. Mean fecundity of mated females was 152 ± 10·3 eggs, multiple mating influencing egg fertility rather than total oviposition. Potential fecundity was linearly related to body weight on emergence. Peak oviposition of unfertilised eggs by virgins occurred at about nine nights following emergence. Of emerging females 2% were barren. Only 1·4% of females mated twice in one night when confined outdoors with males, and there was no difference in the abilities of newly emerged males or males up to four days old to mate with newly emerged females or females up to four days old. Although outdoors males mated on average 0·8 times per night throughout their life, and were capable of mating twice per night, mating propensity of males under laboratory conditions was much lower. Males responded to female sex pheromone throughout the calling period of the female, individuals completing up to 143 orientations during a night without the occurrence of lasting physiological habituation to the pheromone. The importance of this in any control programme aimed at disrupting pheromone communication between the sexes is discussed.

scholarly journals Male copulation frequency, sperm competition and genital damage in the golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta M. Schneider ◽  
Marie E. Herberstein ◽  
Matthew J. Bruce ◽  
Michael M. Kasumovic ◽  
Melissa L. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sexual Cannibalism ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Web Spider ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
Orb Web ◽  
Nephila Plumipes

Copulation in many sexually cannibalistic spiders is associated with a loss of function of the male reproductive organs and, as a consequence, males that survive sexual cannibalism may nevertheless be unable to subsequently copulate successfully. Sexual cannibalism is common in the Australian golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes), in which the tip of the conductor typically breaks during copulation. Thus, male mating frequency may be physiologically limited to two females, irrespective of the male’s ability to avoid cannibalism or the opportunity to locate and court additional, receptive females. Laboratory experiments revealed that the likelihood of the conductor breaking depends upon the copulatory history of the female insemination duct: males were more likely to break their conductor if they inseminated a ‘virgin’ rather than ‘mated’ insemination duct. However, the choice of insemination duct did not influence the duration of copulation or quantity of sperm transferred. In field populations, the proportion of males with both conductors broken increased during the course of the mating season, but while males with broken conductors did not copulate successfully with virgin females, they were nevertheless observed on the webs of immature females. We suggest that male N. plumipes with broken conductors on the webs of females are most likely mate guarding, as this appears to be the most effective mechanism of securing paternity.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Clove, Neem and Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Mating Behaviour, Oviposition and Adult Emergence of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mating Duration ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to study the effects of garlic clove, neem and eucalyptus leaf extracts on mating behaviour, oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Intensity of seed damage and weight loss of gram seeds were also recorded. The results showed that the mating frequency, mating duration, oviposition, adult emergence of pulse beetle and weight loss of gram seeds were reduced significantly after application of the extracts. Among the extracts, neem leaf extracts showed lowest mating frequency (1), mating duration (3.66 minutes), lowest number of laid eggs (27.33), adult emergence (11.67), seed damage (6.89%) and weight loss (2.53%). On the other hand, garlic clove extract showed highest mating frequency (1.67), mating duration (4.67 minutes), highest number of laid eggs (40.33), adult emergence (18.66), seed damage (9.63%) and weight loss (3.73%). In the same way eucalyptus leaf extract showed 2nd highest mating frequency (1.5), mating duration (4.5 minutes), eggs laid (38.67), adult emergence (15.67), seed damage (9.25) and seed weight loss (3.33%). Considering efficacy of all extracts, it was found that the order of toxicity was neem leaf extract>eucalyptus leaf extract> garlic clove extract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18164 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 93 - 97, 2007

5. Sexual selection after mating

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Cryptic Female Choice ◽  
Mate Acquisition ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Darwin viewed sexual selection as a process that ended with mate acquisition, assuming that females are fundamentally monogamous, mating with just one male. ‘Sexual selection after mating’, however, shows this assumption to be false. Sexual selection continues long after the physical act of mating is over, as sperm compete inside a female’s reproductive tract and females bias the paternity of their young by selectively using sperm from particular males. Multiple mating by females has turned out to be ubiquitous across animal taxa. The far-reaching evolutionary consequences of sperm competition and cryptic female choice for the evolution of reproductive traits are examined, from the gametes themselves to the adult organisms producing them.

Inbreeding avoidance in aphidophagous ladybird beetles: a case study inMenochilussexmaculatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Saxena ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Spermatophore Transfer

Relatedness among mates affects reproductive performance in insects. Previous studies indicate that laboratory rearing of a closed population leads to a decline in fitness owing to inbreeding depression. Although females possess the ability to discriminate against unsuitable males, it is not clear whether they have the ability to bias paternity against related males. We investigated whether the zig-zag ladybird beetle (Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius, 1781)) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) has evolved mechanisms to avoid inbreeding. We performed mating disruption experiments among two lines of inbred and outbred individuals and assessed whether mating behaviour (including mating duration and mate guarding) and reproductive performance were affected. Results indicate that females delay the onset of copula when paired with inbred individuals. Decreased fecundity and percent egg viability following mating with inbred mate is indicative of cost of inbreeding. As trends of spermatophore transfer are similar in inbred and outbred pairs, we assume that females modify their reproductive performance when mated with inbred males. Thus, our study reveals that mating with relatives is likely avoided by females, thus preventing inbreeding depression.

Mating Tactics in the Tropical Millipede Alloporus Uncinatus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 124 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Telford ◽  
J. Mark Dangerfield
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Mate Acquisition

AbstractField and laboratory observations of mating behaviour in a population of the tropical millipede Alloporus uncinatus were carried out over one breeding season. Males obtained mates through random encounters and by forming triplet associations with copula pairs. The occurrence of triplet associations in the field was coincident with a highly male biased operational sex ratio. Mate acquisition by males was apparently stochastic and direct physical competition did not occur. In laboratory experiments mating was size-selective probably as a consequence of female choice. We consider the possibility that sperm competition has contributed to the evolution of the mating system in this species.

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