scholarly journals Gonadectomy and blood sampling procedures in small size teleost models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rahmad Royan ◽  
Shinji Kanda ◽  
Daichi Kayo ◽  
Weiyi Song ◽  
Wei Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Neuroendocrine Control ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSex steroids, produced by the gonads, play an essential role in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in all vertebrates by providing feedback to the brain and pituitary. Sex steroids also play an important role in tissue plasticity by regulating cell proliferation in several tissues including the brain and the pituitary. Therefore, investigating the role of sex steroids and mechanisms by which they act is crucial to better understand both feedback mechanism and tissue plasticity. Teleost fish, which possess a higher degree of tissue plasticity and variations in reproduction strategies compared to mammals, appear to be useful models to investigate these questions. The removal of the main source of sex steroid production using gonadectomy together with blood sampling to measure steroid levels, have been well-established and fairly feasible in bigger fish and are powerful techniques to investigate the role and effects of sex steroids. However, small fish such as zebrafish and medaka, which are particularly good model organisms considering the well-developed genetic toolkit and the numerous protocols available to investigate their biology and physiology, raise challenges for applying such protocols due to their small size. Here, we demonstrate the step-by-step procedure of gonadectomy in both males and females followed by blood sampling in a small sized teleost model, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The use of these procedures combined with the other advantages of using these small teleost models will greatly improve our understanding of feedback mechanisms in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction and tissue plasticity provided by sex steroids in vertebrates.SUMMARYThe article describes a quick protocol to gonadectomize and sample blood from small teleost fish, using medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model, to investigate the role of sex steroids in animal physiology.

scholarly journals Actions of sex steroids on kisspeptin expression and other reproduction-related genes in the brain of the teleost fish European sea bass

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (21) ◽  
pp. 3353-3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Alvarado ◽  
A. Servili ◽  
G. Molés ◽  
M. M. Gueguen ◽  
M. Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
The Brain

Sex steroids-induced neurogenesis in adult brain: a better look at mechanisms and mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Abotalebi ◽  
Babak Ebrahimi ◽  
Raziyeh Shahriyari ◽  
Reyhaneh Shafieian
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Subgranular Zone ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Adult neurogenesis is the production of new nerve cells in the adult brain. Neurogenesis is a clear example of the neuroplasticity phenomenon which can be observed in most of mammalian species, including human beings. This phenomenon occurs, at least, in two regions of the brain: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in hippocampus and the ventricular zone of lateral ventricles. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between sex steroid hormones and neurogenesis of adult brain; of which, mostly concentrated on the role of estradiol. It has been shown that estrogen plays a significant role in this process through both classic and non-classic mechanisms, including a variety of different growth factors. Therefore, the objective of this review is to investigate the role of female sex steroids with an emphasis on estradiol and also its potential implications for regulating the neurogenesis in the adult brain.

scholarly journals CDKN2A Gene Expression as a Potential Aging Biomarker in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Sándor ◽  
Kitti Tátrai ◽  
Kálmán Czeibert ◽  
Balázs Egyed ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Describing evolutionary conserved physiological or molecular patterns, which can reliably mark the age of both model organisms and humans or predict the onset of age-related pathologies has become a priority in aging research. The age-related gene-expression changes of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene have been well-documented in humans and rodents. However, data is lacking from other relevant species, including dogs. Therefore, we quantified the CDKN2A mRNA abundance in dogs of different ages, in four tissue types: the frontal cortex of the brain, temporal muscle, skin, and blood. We found a significant, positive correlation between CDKN2A relative expression values and age in the brain, muscle, and blood; however, no correlation was detected in the skin. The strongest correlation was detected in the brain tissue (CDKN2A/GAPDH: r = 0.757, p < 0.001), similarly to human findings, while the muscle and blood showed weaker, but significant correlation. Our results suggest that CDKN2A might be a potential blood-borne biomarker of aging in dogs, although the validation and optimization will require further, more focused research. Our current results also clearly demonstrate that the role of CDKN2A in aging is conserved in dogs, regarding both tissue specificity and a pivotal role of CDKN2A in brain aging.

scholarly journals Regulation of Morphological and Functional Aspects of Sexual Dimorphism in the Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitose Orikasa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Neuronal Functions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroendocrine Functions

Sexual dimorphism of the adult brain regulates sex-dependent functions including reproductive and neuroendocrine activities in rodents. It is determined by sex steroid hormones during a critical perinatal period in female and male rodents. Sex steroids act on each nuclear receptor in the brain and control different physiological and neuroendocrine functions and behaviors. Several regions of the brain show evident morphological sex differences that are involved in their physiological functions. This review addresses and focuses largely on the role of sex-dependent differences in the brain, and their crucial functions in animal models. Particularly, recent intriguing data concerning the diversity of neuronal functions and sexual dimorphism are discussed.

scholarly journals Oestradiol and prostaglandin F2α regulate sexual displays in females of a sex-role reversed fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1778) ◽  
pp. 20133070 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gonçalves ◽  
Silvia Santos Costa ◽  
Magda C. Teles ◽  
Helena Silva ◽  
Mafalda Inglês ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Salaria Pavo ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

The mechanisms regulating sexual behaviours in female vertebrates are still poorly understood, mainly because in most species sexual displays in females are more subtle and less frequent than displays in males. In a sex-role reversed population of a teleost fish, the peacock blenny Salaria pavo , an external fertilizer, females are the courting sex and their sexual displays are conspicuous and unambiguous. We took advantage of this to investigate the role of ovarian-synthesized hormones in the induction of sexual displays in females. In particular, the effects of the sex steroids oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) and of the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were tested. Females were ovariectomized and their sexual behaviour tested 7 days (sex steroids and PGF2α) and 14 days (sex steroids) after ovariectomy by presenting females to an established nesting male. Ovariectomy reduced the expression of sexual behaviours, although a significant proportion of females still courted the male 14 days after the ovary removal. Administration of PGF2α to ovariectomized females recovered the frequency of approaches to the male's nest and of courtship displays towards the nesting male. However, E2 also had a positive effect on sexual behaviour, particularly on the frequency of approaches to the male's nest. T administration failed to recover sexual behaviours in ovariectomized females. These results suggest that the increase in E2 levels postulated to occur during the breeding season facilitates female mate-searching and assessment behaviours, whereas PGF2α acts as a short-latency endogenous signal informing the brain that oocytes are mature and ready to be spawned. In the light of these results, the classical view for female fishes, that sex steroids maintain sexual behaviour in internal fertilizers and that prostaglandins activate spawning behaviours in external fertilizers, needs to be reviewed.

scholarly journals Transient and permanent gene transfer into the brain of the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes ) using human adenovirus and the Cre-loxP system

FEBS Letters ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 584 (16) ◽  
pp. 3545-3549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Suehiro ◽  
Masato Kinoshita ◽  
Teruhiro Okuyama ◽  
Atsuko Shimada ◽  
Kiyoshi Naruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
The Brain

Gonadectomy and Blood Sampling Procedures in the Small Size Teleost Model Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

10.3791/62006 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rahmad Royan ◽  
Shinji Kanda ◽  
Daichi Kayo ◽  
Weiyi Song ◽  
Wei Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Japanese Medaka ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

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