scholarly journals Plankton Planet: ‘seatizen’ oceanography to assess open ocean life at the planetary scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colomban de Vargas ◽  
Thibaut Pollina ◽  
Sarah Romac ◽  
Noan Le Bescot ◽  
Nicolas Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
Scientific Instrumentation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Genetic Novelty

AbstractIn every liter of seawater there are between 10 and 100 billion life forms, mostly invisible, called plankton, which form the largest and most dynamic ecosystem on our planet, at the heart of global ecological and economic processes. While physical and chemical parameters of planktonic ecosystems are fairly well measured and modelled at the planetary scale, but biological data are still scarce due to the extreme cost and relative inflexibility of the classical vessels and instruments used to explore marine biodiversity. Here we introduce ‘Plankton Planet’, an initiative whose goal is to merge the creativity of researchers, makers, and mariners to (i) develop frugal scientific instrumentation and protocols to assess the genetic and morphological diversity of plankton life, and (ii) organize their systematic deployment through fleets of volunteer sailors, fishermen, or cargo-ships to generate comparable and open-access plankton data across global and long-term spatio-temporal scales. As proof-of-concept, we show how 20 crews of sailors (“planktonauts”) were abl to sample plankton biomass from the world surface ocean in a single year, generating the first citizen-based, planetary dataset of plankton biodiversity based on DNA barcodes. The quality of this dataset is comparable to that generated by Tara Oceans and is not biased by the multiplication of samplers. This dataset has unveiled significant genetic novelty and can be used to explore the taxonomic and ecological diversity of plankton at both regional and global scales. This pilot project paves the way for construction of a miniaturized, modular, evolvable, affordable and open-source citizen field-platform that will allow systematic assessment of the eco/morpho/genetic variation of aquatic ecosystems across the dimensions of the Earth system.

scholarly journals Outcomes of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange Ocean Biogeographic Information System OBIS-Event-Data Workshop on Animal Tagging and Tracking

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Benson ◽  
Ward Appeltans ◽  
Lenore Bajona ◽  
Samuel Bosch ◽  
Paul Cowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Data Standard ◽  
Darwin Core ◽  
Oceanographic Data

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) began in 2000 as the repository for data from the Census of Marine Life. Since that time, OBIS has expanded its goals beyond simply hosting data to supporting more aspects of marine conservation (Pooter et al. 2017). In order to accomplish those goals, the OBIS secretariat in partnership with its European node (EurOBIS) hosted at the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ, Belgium), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Committee on International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE, 23rd session, March 2015, Brugge) established a 2-year pilot project to address a particularly problematic issue that environmental data collected as part of marine biological research were being disassociated from the biological data.  OBIS-Event-Data is the solution that was developed from that pilot project, which devised a method for keeping environmental data together with the biological data (Pooter et al. 2017). OBIS is seeking early adopters of the new data standard OBIS-Event-Data from among the marine biodiversity monitoring communities, to further validate the data standard, and develop data products and scientific applications to support the enhancement of Biological and Ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) in the framework of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO BON MBON). After the successful 2-year IODE pilot project OBIS-ENV-DATA, the IOC established a new 2-year IODE pilot project OBIS-Event-Data for Scientific Applications (2017-2019). The OBIS-Event-Data data standard, building on Darwin Core, provides a technical solution for combined biological and environmental data, and incorporates details about sampling methods and effort, including event hierarchy. It also implements standardization of parameters involved in biological, environmental, and sampling details using an international standard controlled vocabulary (British Oceanographic Data Centre Natural Environment Research Council). A workshop organized by IODE/OBIS in April brought together major animal tagging and tracking networks such as the Ocean Tracking Network (OTN), the Animal Telemetry Network (ATN), the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), the European Tracking Network (ETN) and the Acoustic Tracking Array Platform (ATAP) to test the OBIS-Event-Data standard through the development of some data products and science applications. Additionally, this workshop contributes to the further maturation of the GOOS EOV on fish as well as the EOV on birds, mammals and turtles. We will present the outcomes as well as any lessons learned from this workshop on problems, solutions, and applications of using Darwin Core/OBIS-Event-Data for bio-logging data.

scholarly journals A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 4829-4856
Author(s):  
Susanne Crewell ◽  
Kerstin Ebell ◽  
Patrick Konjari ◽  
Mario Mech ◽  
Tatiana Nomokonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Monthly Means ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Retrieval Algorithms ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Water vapor is an important component in the water and energy cycle of the Arctic. Especially in light of Arctic amplification, changes in water vapor are of high interest but are difficult to observe due to the data sparsity of the region. The ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns performed in May/June 2017 in the Arctic North Atlantic sector offers the opportunity to investigate the quality of various satellite and reanalysis products. Compared to reference measurements at R/V Polarstern frozen into the ice (around 82∘ N, 10∘ E) and at Ny-Ålesund, the integrated water vapor (IWV) from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) L2PPFv6 shows the best performance among all satellite products. Using all radiosonde stations within the region indicates some differences that might relate to different radiosonde types used. Atmospheric river events can cause rapid IWV changes by more than a factor of 2 in the Arctic. Despite the relatively dense sampling by polar-orbiting satellites, daily means can deviate by up to 50 % due to strong spatio-temporal IWV variability. For monthly mean values, this weather-induced variability cancels out, but systematic differences dominate, which particularly appear over different surface types, e.g., ocean and sea ice. In the data-sparse central Arctic north of 84∘ N, strong differences of 30 % in IWV monthly means between satellite products occur in the month of June, which likely result from the difficulties in considering the complex and changing surface characteristics of the melting ice within the retrieval algorithms. There is hope that the detailed surface characterization performed as part of the recently finished Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) will foster the improvement of future retrieval algorithms.

Using biological survey data when selecting Marine Protected Areas: an operational framework and associated risks

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Vanderklift ◽  
T. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
Biological Variables

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one of the main tools for protecting marine biodiversity, but they are often selected on the basis of little or no ecological data. As a result, there is a risk that MPAs will not successfully protect marine biodiversity. We propose an operational framework to help prioritize the need for information, and to direct the subsequent collection of appropriate biological data. The framework consists of 7 steps: (1) formulating clearly-defined objectives, (2) a broad-scale classification based on easily accessible surrogates, (3) identifying biological variables for detailed survey, (4) assessing the utility of surrogates, (5) designing and implementing the biological survey, (6) modelling and using inferential statistics to optimize the use of existing knowledge, and (7) validating candidate areas. Each step in the framework involves identifying areas of uncertainty, and the risks that a MPA will fail to achieve its intended objectives. The aim of our operational framework is to make the risks and uncertainties clear, and to force decisions to be made to minimise their potential impact on the outcome of the MPA selection process. We identify four key ecological uncertainties in MPA identification: (1) the reliability of surrogates, (2) spatial uncertainty in survey data, (3) temporal uncertainty in the patterns of the biodiversity in the MPA, and (4) uncertainty in the degree to which important ecological processes will be maintained. We conclude that the key to success in a MPA selection process is the use of clearly specified objectives for the MPA and an explicit assessment of uncertainties involved. We contend that without a competent ecological basis, new MPAs may be little more than the political exercises to appease lobby groups, and are unlikely to be effective tools in protecting marine biodiversity from continuing decay.

scholarly journals Re-encanto do concreto por sistemas enativos afetivos: a naturalização das tecnologias no ecossistema.

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Maria Gallicchio Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Disruptive Innovations ◽  
Signal Processing Systems ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

ResumoNeste ensaio, num aporte retroprospectivo, condenso especificidades de produções anteriores e esboço projetos em desenvolvimento que apontam para tecnologias criativas e inovação disruptiva com sistemas enativos afetivos, numa estreita e mútua relação ou reciprocidade entre o biológico, dados e o ambiente. Trata-se de um ecossistema que reconfigura o conceito de “vivo” ou a transformation du vivant, apontado por Poissant e Daubner (2012). São geradas formas de vida que ampliam tecnologias anteriores, configurando inovações disruptivas, pois se misturam a modos de viver no cotidiano com os avanços das tecnologias, principalmente pelos dispositivos móveis e sistemas de sensoriamento e processamento de sinais. Este ensaio é construído por alguns fragmentos publicados, que demarcam meu posicionamento científico e estético-antropológico, sempre com tecnologias criativas e os modos de pensar a arte mesclada à vida com sistemas que re-encantam o concreto.AbstractIn this essay, in a retrospective approach, it condenses specificities of previous productions and outlines projects under development that point to creative technologies and disruptive innovation with affective enactive systems, in a close and mutual relationship or reciprocity between biological, data and the environment. It is an ecosystem that reconfigures the concept of “living” or the transformation “du vivant”, pointed by Poissant and Daubner (2012). Life forms are generated that amplify previous technologies, configuring disruptive innovations, as they blend with everyday ways of living with the advances of technologies, mainly by mobile devices and sensing and signal processing systems. This essay is built by some published fragments, which demarcate my scientific and aesthetic-anthropological positioning, always with creative technologies and ways of thinking art mixed with life with systems that re-enchant the concrete.

scholarly journals A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Crewell ◽  
Kerstin Ebell ◽  
Patrick Konjari ◽  
Mario Mech ◽  
Tatiana Nomokonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Satellite Orbits ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Water vapor is an important component in the water and energy cycle of the Arctic. Especially in the light of Arctic amplification, changes of water vapor are of high interest but are difficult to observe due to the data sparsity of the region. The ACLOUD/PASCAL campaign performed in May/June 2017 in the Arctic North Atlantic sector offers the opportunity to investigate the quality of various satellite and numerical model reanalysis products. For this purpose reference Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) measurements at R/V Polarstern frozen into the ice (around 82° N, 10° E) and at t Ny-Ålesund are used to investigate the quality of instantaneous satellite retrievals from AIRS, AMSR2, GOME2, IASI and MIRS. These products use different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and have different uncertainty characteristics related to the presence of clouds and/or surface characteristics. Therefore, the analysis is expanded to all radiosonde stations within the region. Due to the strong spatio-temporal variability of IWV - in particular during atmospheric river events - sampling issues are important that arise due to the different satellite orbits as well the synoptic radiosonde launch times. Following up on this analysis the question arises whether the satellite data are suitable for a long-term monitoring and trend assessment of water vapor in the Arctic. For this purpose we will also present an analysis of monthly mean values for May and June 2017 - two months with strongly changing surface characteristics in the Arctic - and investigate their performance relative to various reanalyses.</p>

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Digitaria insularis: Risk Analysis of Areas with Potential for Selection of Glyphosate-Resistant Biotypes in Eucalyptus Crops in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10405
Author(s):  
Gabriela Madureira Barroso ◽  
Ricardo Siqueira da Silva ◽  
Danielle Piuzana Mucida ◽  
Cláudia Eduarda Borges ◽  
Sabrina Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Ecoclimatic Index ◽  
Climate Suitability ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to model the spatio-temporal distribution of Digitaria insularis (D. insularis) and analyze the risk of selection of glyphosate-resistant biotypes in eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil. Global data on the distribution of the specie were collected and associated with their ideal growth characteristics. The models were generated using Climex software, providing a predictive modeling technique. Biological data, species distribution, and climatic parameters were used to predict and map potential areas for the species of interest through the combination of growth and stress indices, giving rise to the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). The spatial distribution of D. insularis is predominantly in South and Central America and southern North America. The model had a good fit with the collected data and predicted higher EI values for tropical and subtropical regions, as was the case in Brazil. Species growth can occur throughout the year, with lower rates in winter, mainly in the country’s southern regions. Brazil has high climatic suitability for the occurrence of Digitaria insularis. Due to the climate suitability evidenced by the models and the expressive use of the same active ingredient, there is a risk of selecting glyphosate-resistant Digitaria insularis biotypes in eucalyptus cultivation areas.

scholarly journals A picture is worth a thousand words: using digital tools to visualize marine invertebrate diversity data along the coasts of Mozambique and São Tomé & Príncipe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Niza ◽  
Marta Bento ◽  
Luis Lopes ◽  
Alexandra Cartaxana ◽  
Alexandra Correia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity ◽  
Invertebrate Biodiversity ◽  
Species Incidence ◽  
Access To Data

The amount of biological data available in online repositories is increasing at an exponential rate. However, data on marine invertebrate biodiversity resources are still sparse and scattered in these countries. Online repositories are useful instruments for biodiversity research, as they provide a fast access to data from different sources. The use of interactive platforms comprising web mapping are becoming more important not only for the scientific community, but also for conservation managers, decision-makers and the general public as they allow data presentation in simple and understandable visual schemes. The main goal of this study was to create an interactive online digital map (MARINBIODIV Atlas), through the collection of data from various sources, to visualize marine invertebrate occurrences and distribution across different habitats, namely mangroves, seagrasses, corals and other coastal areas, in Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe. The acquired biodiversity data were managed and structured to be displayed as spatial data and to be disseminated using the geographic information system ArcGIS, where data can be accessed, filtered and mapped. The ArcGIS web mapping design tools were used to produce interactive maps to visualize marine invertebrate diversity information along the coasts of Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe, through different habitats, offering the foundation for analysing species incidence and allocation information. Understanding the spatial occurrences and distribution of marine invertebrates in both countries can provide a valuable baseline, regarding information and trends on their coastal marine biodiversity.

Semantics-Aware Advanced OLAP Visualization of Multidimensional Data Cubes

2008 ◽  
pp. 974-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Cuzzocrea ◽  
Domenico Sacca ◽  
Paolo Serafino
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Data Cubes ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Multidimensional Data Cubes ◽  
Flattening Process

Efficiently supporting advanced OLAP visualization of multidimensional data cubes is a novel and challenging research topic, which results to be of interest for a large family of data warehouse applications relying on the management of spatio-temporal (e.g., mobile) data, scientific and statistical data, sensor network data, biological data, etc. On the other hand, the issue of visualizing multidimensional data domains has been quite neglected from the research community, since it does not belong to the well-founded conceptual-logical-physical design hierarchy inherited from relational database methodologies. Inspired from these considerations, in this article we propose an innovative advanced OLAP visualization technique that meaningfully combines (i) the so-called OLAP dimension flattening process, which allows us to extract two-dimensional OLAP views from multidimensional data cubes, and (ii) very efficient data compression techniques for such views, which allow us to generate “semantics-aware” compressed representations where data are grouped along OLAP hierarchies.

MODELLING THE SPATIAL PATTERNING OF THE TEETH PRIMORDIA IN THE LOWER JAW OF Alligator mississippiensis

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. KULESA ◽  
G. C. CRUYWAGEN ◽  
S. R. LUBKIN ◽  
P. K. MAINI ◽  
J. SNEYD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Domain Growth ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Developmental Patterning ◽  
Pattern Development ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Spatial Positioning

We propose a model mechanism for the initiation and spatial positioning of teeth primordia in the alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Detailed embryological studies12–14 have shown that jaw growth plays a crucial role in the developmental patterning of the tooth initiation process. The development of the spatial pattern occurs on a timescale comparable to jaw growth. Based on biological data we develop a dynamic patterning mechanism, which crucially includes domain growth. The mechanism can reproduce the spatial pattern development of the first seven teeth primordia in the lower jaw of A. mississippiensis. The results for the precise spatio-temporal sequence compare well with experiment.

scholarly journals Revealing sound-induced motion patterns in fish hearing structures in 4D: A standing wave tube-like setup designed for high-resolution time-resolved tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle P. Maiditsch ◽  
Friedrich Ladich ◽  
Martin Heß ◽  
Christian M. Schlepütz ◽  
Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Wave Tube ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Standing Wave Tube ◽  
Fish Hearing

Modern bony fishes possess a high morphological diversity in the auditory structures and their auditory capabilities. Yet, our knowledge of how the auditory structures such as the otoliths in the inner ears and the swim bladder work together remains elusive. Gathering experimental evidence on the in-situ motion of fish auditory structures while avoiding artifacts caused by surgical exposure of the structures has been challenging for decades. Synchrotron radiation-based tomography with high spatio-temporal resolution allows to study morphofunctional issues non-invasively in an unprecedented way. We therefore aimed to develop an approach that characterizes the moving structures in 4D (= three spatial dimensions+time). We designed a miniature standing wave tube-like setup to meet both the requirements of tomography and those of tank acoustics. With this new setup, we successfully visualized the motion of isolated otoliths and the auditory structures in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus).

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