scholarly journals Estimating partial body ionizing radiation exposure by automated cytogenetic biodosimetry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. Shirley ◽  
Joan H.M. Knoll ◽  
Jayne Moquet ◽  
Elizabeth Ainsbury ◽  
Pham Ngoc Duy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
Research Scientist ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Calibration Samples

AbstractPurposeInhomogeneous exposures to ionizing radiation can be detected and quantified with the Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA) of metaphase cells. Complete automation of interpretation of the DCA for whole body irradiation has significantly improved throughput without compromising accuracy, however low levels of residual false positive dicentric chromosomes (DCs) have confounded its application for partial body exposure determination.Materials and MethodsWe describe a method of estimating and correcting for false positive DCs in digitally processed images of metaphase cells. Nearly all DCs detected in unirradiated calibration samples are introduced by digital image processing. DC frequencies of irradiated calibration samples and those exposed to unknown radiation levels are corrected subtracting this false positive fraction from each. In partial body exposures, the fraction of cells exposed, and radiation dose can be quantified after applying this modification of the contaminated Poisson method.ResultsDose estimates of three partially irradiated samples diverged 0.2 to 2.5 Gy from physical doses and irradiated cell fractions deviated by 2.3-15.8% from the known levels. Synthetic partial body samples comprised of unirradiated and 3 Gy samples from 4 laboratories were correctly discriminated as inhomogeneous by multiple criteria. Root mean squared errors of these dose estimates ranged from 0.52 to 1.14 Gy2 and from 8.1 to 33.3%2 for the fraction of cells irradiated.ConclusionsAutomated DCA can differentiate whole-from partial-body radiation exposures and provides timely quantification of estimated whole-body equivalent dose.Biographical NoteBen Shirley M.Sc. is Chief Software Architect, CytoGnomix Inc. Canada; Joan Knoll Ph.D. Dipl.ABMGG, FCCMG is Professor in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada and cofounder, CytoGnomix Inc.; Jayne Moquet Ph.D. is Principal Radiation Protection Scientist in the Cytogenetics Group, Public Health England; Elizabeth Ainsbury Ph.D. is Head, Cytogenetics Group and the Chromosome Dosimetry Service, Public Health England; Pham Ngoc Duy M.Sc. is deputy director of Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, Vietnam; Farrah Norton M.Sc.is Research Scientist and Lead of the Biodosimetry emergency response and research capability at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories; Ruth Wilkins, Ph.D. is Research Scientist and Chief of the Ionizing Radiation Health Sciences Division at Health Canada, Ontario, Canada; and Peter K. Rogan Ph.D. is Professor of Biochemistry and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada, and President, CytoGnomix Inc.

A brief review of diagnosis of small ruminants brucellosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Ren ◽  
Qisheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Immunological Tests

: Brucellosis caused by bacteria of the genus of Brucella remains a major zoonosis in the widely world, which is an infectious disease with a severe economic impact on animal husbandry and public health. The genus of Brucella includes ten species and the most prevalent is Brucella melitensis. The diagnosis of Brucella melitensis ruminant brucellosis is based on bacteriological and immunological tests. The use of vaccines and the false-positive serological reactions (FPSR) caused by other cross-reacting bacteria represent the immunological contexts. This complex context results in the development of the large number of diagnosis of Brucella melitensis brucellosis. The aim of this article is to briefly review the detection methods and compare the superiorities of different tests.

scholarly journals Communicating With Residents About Risks Following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 74S-89S ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Murakami ◽  
Akiko Sato ◽  
Shiro Matsui ◽  
Aya Goto ◽  
Atsushi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Accident ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Medical Professionals

The Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 posed major threats to public health. In response, medical professionals have tried to communicate the risks to residents. To investigate forms of risk communication and to share lessons learned, we reviewed medical professionals’ activities in Fukushima Prefecture from the prefectural level to the individual level: public communication through Fukushima Health Management Surveys, a Yorozu (“general”) health consultation project, communications of radiological conditions and health promotion in Iitate and Kawauchi villages, dialogues based on whole-body counter, and science communications through online media. The activities generally started with radiation risks, mainly through group-based discussions, but gradually shifted to face-to-face communications to address comprehensive health risks to individuals and well-being. The activities were intended to support residents’ decisions and to promote public health in a participatory manner. This article highlights the need for a systematic evaluation of ongoing risk communication practices, and a wider application of successful approaches for Fukushima recovery and for better preparedness for future disasters.

DGKζ ablation engenders upregulation of p53 level in the spleen upon whole-body ionizing radiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tanaka ◽  
Ken Iseki ◽  
Ken Tanaka ◽  
Tomoyuki Nakano ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Iino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Whole Body

Pharyngeal Culturing and Reporting of Pediatric Gonorrhea in Connecticut

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-510
Author(s):  
EMILY M. MCCLURE ◽  
MARY R. STACK ◽  
TIMOTHY TANNER ◽  
JOSEPH THEVENIN ◽  
RALPH M. GOFSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Yale University ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhea ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

A team of students from the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, has been investigating an increase in reported infections with Neisseria gonorrhea statewide in children 13 years of age or less, excluding neonates, in Connecticut. In particular, there was a marked increase in reported infections in one city between 1983 and 1984. The results suggest that much of a statewide increase during that time may have been due to improved recognition, predominantly due to the use of pharyngeal cultures in this city, and raise disturbing questions about the adequacy of recognition, culturing, and reporting from other parts of the state.

scholarly journals Cryogenic technologies in biology and medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2b) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
O.I. Ossetsky ◽  
◽  
O.S. Snurnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
The World ◽  
New Generation

Cryogenic technologies in biology and medicine Current tendencies of the development of cryogenic technologies in the world practice and in Ukraine have been comparatively analyzed. A special attention has been paid to cryotechnologies in biology and medicine. The features of deriving the biologically active ingredients of natural raw materials by means of cryosublimation fractionation and extraction of lipid fractions with liquefied refrigerants, as well as perspectives of their application when obtaining the products of new generation in pharmacy, cosmetics, food industry have been considered. There were discussed the possibilities of human whole body extreme cryotherapy. Main aspects of its usage in practical public health have been considered.

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