scholarly journals Whole-brain functional connectivity neuromarkers uncover the cognitive recovery scheme for overt hepatic encephalopathy after liver transplantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Cheng ◽  
Wen Shen ◽  
Junhai Xu ◽  
Rachel C. Amey ◽  
Li-Xiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Psychomotor Tests ◽  
Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

AbstractNeurocognitive impairment is present in cirrhosis and may be more severe in cirrhosis with the overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). Liver transplantation (LT) may reverse the impaired brain function. MRI of resting-state functional connectivity can help unravel the underlying mechanisms that lead to these cognitive deficits and recovery. Sixty-four cirrhotic patients (28 with OHE; 36 without) and 32 healthy controls were recruited for resting-state fMRI. The patients were scanned before and after LT. We evaluated pre- and postsurgical neurocognitive performance in cirrhotic patients using psychomotor tests, i.e. number connection test (NCT) and digit symbol test (DST). Network-based statistics found significant disrupted connectivity in both groups of cirrhosis with OHE and without compared to controls. However, the presurgical connectivity disruption in patients with OHE was included in a greater number of connections than those without (65 vs. 17). The decrease in FC for both OHE and non-OHE patient groups was reversed to the level of controls after LT. An additional hyperconnected network (i.e., higher than controls) was observed in OHE patients after LT (p=0.009). Regarding the neural-behavior relationship, the functional network that predicted cognitive performance in healthy individuals, showed no correlation in presurgical cirrhotic patients. Such an impaired neural-behavior relationship was re-established after LT for non-OHE patients but not for OHE. OHE patients displayed abnormal hyperconnectivity and persistently impaired neural-behavior relationship after LT. Our results suggest that patients with OHE may undergo a different trajectory of postsurgical neurofunctional recovery in comparison to those without, which needs further clarification in the future study.

scholarly journals Resting State-fMRI with ReHo Analysis as a Non-Invasive Modality for the Prognosis of Cirrhotic Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0126834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Che Lin ◽  
Tun-Wei Hsu ◽  
Chao-Long Chen ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

scholarly journals Altered hypothalamus functional connectivity with limbic system in fibromyalgia and the modulation effect of intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Kong ◽  
Yiting Huang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Siyi Yu ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes of the hypothalamus in Fibromyalgia patients and the modulation effect of effective treatments. Methods: Fibromyalgia patients and matched healthy controls (HC’s) were recruited. Resting state fMRI data were collected from fibromyalgia patients before and after a 12-week Tai Chi intervention and once from HC’s. Results: Data analysis showed that fibromyalgia patients displayed significantly decreased medial hypothalamus (MH) rsFC with the thalamus and amygdala when compared to HC’s at baseline. After the intervention, fibromyalgia patients showed increased (normalized) MH rsFC in the thalamus and amygdala. Effective connectivity analysis showed disrupted MH and thalamus interaction in fibromyalgia, which nonetheless could be partially restored by Tai Chi. Conclusions: Elucidating the role of the diencephalon and limbic system in the pathophysiology and development of fibromyalgia may facilitate the development of new treatment methods for this prevalent disorder. Trial registration: Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02407665. Registered 3 April 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02407665

scholarly journals Effects of long-term cocaine self-administration on brain resting-state functional connectivity in nonhuman primates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kohut ◽  
Dionyssios Mintzopoulos ◽  
Brian D. Kangas ◽  
Hannah Shields ◽  
Kelly Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Chronic Cocaine

AbstractLong-term cocaine use is associated with a variety of neural and behavioral deficits that impact daily function. This study was conducted to examine the effects of chronic cocaine self-administration on resting-state functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and putamen—two brain regions involved in cognitive function and motoric behavior—identified in a whole brain analysis. Six adult male squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine (0.32 mg/kg/inj) over 140 sessions. Six additional monkeys that had not received any drug treatment for ~1.5 years served as drug-free controls. Resting-state fMRI imaging sessions at 9.4 Tesla were conducted under isoflurane anesthesia. Functional connectivity maps were derived using seed regions placed in the left dACC or putamen. Results show that cocaine maintained robust self-administration with an average total intake of 367 mg/kg (range: 299–424 mg/kg). In the cocaine group, functional connectivity between the dACC seed and regions primarily involved in motoric behavior was weaker, whereas connectivity between the dACC seed and areas implicated in reward and cognitive processing was stronger. In the putamen seed, weaker widespread connectivity was found between the putamen and other motor regions as well as with prefrontal areas that regulate higher-order executive function; stronger connectivity was found with reward-related regions. dACC connectivity was associated with total cocaine intake. These data indicate that functional connectivity between regions involved in motor, reward, and cognitive processing differed between subjects with recent histories of cocaine self-administration and controls; in dACC, connectivity appears to be related to cumulative cocaine dosage during chronic exposure.

scholarly journals Finger Tapping Task Activation vs. TMS Hotspot: Different Locations and Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Wang ◽  
Hai-Jiang Meng ◽  
Gong-Jun Ji ◽  
Ying Jing ◽  
Hong-Xiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Task Activation

Abstract Both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been used to non-invasively localize the human motor functional area. These locations can be clinically used as stimulation target of TMS treatment. However, it has been reported that the finger tapping fMRI activation and TMS hotspot were not well-overlapped. The aim of the current study was to measure the distance between the finger tapping fMRI activation and the TMS hotspot, and more importantly, to compare the network difference by using resting-state fMRI. Thirty healthy participants underwent resting-state fMRI, task fMRI, and then TMS hotspot localization. We found significant difference of locations between finger tapping fMRI activation and TMS hotspot. Specifically, the finger tapping fMRI activation was more lateral than the TMS hotspot in the premotor area. The fMRI activation peak and TMS hotspot were taken as seeds for resting-state functional connectivity analyses. Compared with TMS hotspot, finger tapping fMRI activation peak showed more intensive functional connectivity with, e.g., the bilateral premotor, insula, putamen, and right globus pallidus. The findings more intensive networks of finger tapping activation than TMS hotspot suggest that TMS treatment targeting on the fMRI activation area might result in more remote effects and would be more helpful for TMS treatment on movement disorders.

scholarly journals Prevalent and sex-biased breathing patterns modify functional connectivity MRI in young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Lynch ◽  
Benjamin M. Silver ◽  
Marc J. Dubin ◽  
Alex Martin ◽  
Henning U. Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri

Abstract Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a tool for investigating human brain organization. Here we identify, visually and algorithmically, two prevalent influences on fMRI signals during 440 h of resting state scans in 440 healthy young adults, both caused by deviations from normal breathing which we term deep breaths and bursts. The two respiratory patterns have distinct influences on fMRI signals and signal covariance, distinct timescales, distinct cardiovascular correlates, and distinct tendencies to manifest by sex. Deep breaths are not sex-biased. Bursts, which are serial taperings of respiratory depth typically spanning minutes at a time, are more common in males. Bursts share features of chemoreflex-driven clinical breathing patterns that also occur primarily in males, with notable neurological, psychiatric, medical, and lifespan associations. These results identify common breathing patterns in healthy young adults with distinct influences on functional connectivity and an ability to differentially influence resting state fMRI studies.

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