scholarly journals No association between circulating levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of COVID-19 mortality in UK biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xikang Fan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Jiayu Wang ◽  
Cheng Yin ◽  
Meng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background: Sex-disaggregated data suggest that men with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are more likely to die than women. Whether circulating testosterone or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) contributes to such sex differences remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the associations of circulating total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and SHBG with COVID-19 mortality. Design: Prospective analysis. Setting: UK Biobank. Participants: We included 1306 COVID-19 patients (678 men and 628 women) who had serum TT and SHBG measurements and were free of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline (2006-2010). Main outcome measures: The death cases of COVID-19 were identified from National Health Service death records updated at 31 July 2020. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality. Results: We documented 315 deaths of COVID-19 (194 men and 121 women). After adjusting for potential confounders, we did not find any statistically significant associations for TT (OR per 1-SD increase = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.85-1.25), FT (OR per 1-SD increase = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.77-1.17), or SHBG (OR per 1-SD increase = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.87-1.37) with COVID-19 mortality in men. Similar null results were observed in women (TT: OR per 1-SD increase = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.85-1.42; FT: OR per 1-SD increase = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.82-1.46; SHBG: OR per 1-SD increase = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89-1.53). Conclusions: Our findings do not support a significant role of circulating testosterone or SHBG in COVID-19 prognosis.

scholarly journals Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, calculated free testosterone, and oestradiol in male vegans and omnivores

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. A. Key ◽  
Liane Roe ◽  
Margaret Thorogood ◽  
John W. Moore ◽  
Graham M. G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Diet Records

Total testosterone (T), total oestradiol (E2) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured in plasma samples from fifty-one male vegans and fifty-seven omnivores of similar age. Free T concentration was estimated by calculation, in comparison with the omnivores, the vegans had 7% higher total T (P = 0.250), 23% higher SHBG (P = 0.001), 3% lower free T (P = 0.580), and 11% higher E2 (P = 0.194). In a subset of eighteen vegans and twenty-two omnivores for whom 4 d diet records were available, there were statistically significant correlations between T and polyunsaturated fatty acids (r 0.37), SHBG and fat (r 0.43 for total fat, 0.46 for saturated fatty acids and 0.33 for polyunsaturated fatty acids), and SHBG and alcohol (r–0.39). It is concluded that a vegan diet causes a substantial increase in SHBG but has little effect on total or free T or on E2.

Peripheral hormone levels in healthy subjects during controlled fasting

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar Tegelman ◽  
Pia Lindeskog ◽  
Kjell Carlström ◽  
Åke Pousette ◽  
Rolf Blomstrand
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Hormone Binding

Abstract. The effect of one week of controlled fasting (3 1 of fluid containing 50 g of carbohydrate/day) upon the serum levels of hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, and albumin was studied in healthy subjects. Fasting caused decreased levels of prolactin and T3, no changes in the levels of TSH, FSH, LH, dehydroepiandrosterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, total oestrone, and total testosterone, and increased levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and albumin. A significant positive correlation was found between albumin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Fasting rapidly increased the levels of sex hormone binding globulin and decreased the percentage of free testosterone and the calculated free testosterone level in both sexes. A decreased metabolic clearance of certain steroids (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) owing to an increased protein binding may be one of the endocrine consequences of fasting. An increased protein binding of testosterone may be outweighed by a decreased gonadal production, thus resulting in an unchanged total testosterone level. The increased sex hormone binding globulin level could not be explained by changes in gonadal and thyroid hormones.

scholarly journals Salivary and Plasma Free Testosterone and Androstenedione Levels in Women Using Oral Contraceptives Containing Desogestrel or Levonorgestrel

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M J W Swinkels ◽  
P M M Meulenberg ◽  
H A Ross ◽  
Th J Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Direct Assay

The effect of oral contraceptives (OC) containing a combination of ethinyloestradiol (EE2) and either desogestrel (Dg/EE2) or levonorgestrel (Lg/EE2) on plasma concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (T), free T, total androstenedione (A), free A and on salivary T and A concentrations have been studied. SHBG concentrations were higher in the Dg/EE2 group than in the Lg/EE2 group. Total T, measured by RIA with prior extraction and chromatography, is also higher in the Dg/EE2 group. Per cent free T was lower in the Dg/EE2 group. Plasma free T and free A concentrations were the same in both groups. However, free T and free A were significantly lower in the OC-groups than in controls. In contrast, by direct assay, no difference in total T was observed between the OC-groups. Since the per cent free T was lower in the Dg/EE2 group, it would be concluded that free T in the Dg/EE2 group is lower than in the Lg/EE2 group. Salivary free T and free A concentrations did not differ between control and OC-groups. There was good correlation between salivary and free hormone concentrations within each group. We conclude that the concentrations of androgens in saliva do not necessarily directly reflect their free concentrations in plasma.

Testosterone and its binding in hyperthyroid women before and under antithyroid drug therapy

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Loric ◽  
Françoise Duron ◽  
Jérôme Guéchot ◽  
Pierre Aubert ◽  
Jacqueline Giboudeau
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Antithyroid Drug Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients

Abstract. The serum concentrations of the different forms of circulating testosterone, total testosterone, free testosterone and non-sex-hormone binding globulin bound testosterone (albumin bound + free fractions) which is considered as the biovailable hormone, were measured in 15 hyperthyroid women before and after anti-thyroid drug therapy and in 15 age-matched healthy women. Sex-hormone binding globulin and albumin were quantified. Total testosterone was significantly higher in hyperthyroid women before treatment, whereas free testosterone and non sex-hormone binding globulin bound testosterone were significantly decreased. After recovery, all the parameters returned to the normal range. In hyperthyroid patients, the variations in the different fractions of testosterone can be related to the rise of sex-hormone binding globulin. These variations could be explained by the displacement of the equilibrium defined by the binding equation.

Total testosterone, free-androgen index, calculated free testosterone, and free testosterone by analog RIA compared in hirsute women and in otherwise-normal women with altered binding of sex-hormone-binding globulin.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1372-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Wilke ◽  
D J Utley
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract We compared the clinical value of information on free testosterone as measured with the Coat-A-Count (Diagnostic Products Corp.) radioimmunoassay kit involving a ligand analog with that of total testosterone, the free-androgen index, and free testosterone calculated from concentrations of testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, and albumin, in hirsute women, pregnant women, oral-contraceptive users, women with thyroid disease, and epileptic women taking phenytoin. Total testosterone, the free-androgen index, calculated free testosterone, and free testosterone by RIA were increased in 41-68% of hirsute women. Values for free testosterone increased in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy but remained within normal limits in all non-hirsute groups. Total testosterone was increased in patients having increased sex-hormone-binding globulin, whereas the free-androgen index and, to a lesser extent, calculated free testosterone were significantly decreased. Free testosterone measured by analog RIA not only has greater diagnostic efficiency than total testosterone, it also is technically simpler to determine than the free-androgen index and calculated free testosterone.

scholarly journals Effects of SHBG rs1799941 Polymorphism on Free Testosterone Levels and Hypogonadism Risk in Young Non-Diabetic Obese Males

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Daniel Castellano-Castillo ◽  
José Luis Royo ◽  
Ana Martínez-Escribano ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado ◽  
María Molina-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lineal Regression

Introduction: Obesity has been associated with increased risk of presenting hypogonadism. Free testosterone (FT) is the fraction of testosterone that carries out the biological function of testosterone, and is determined from total testosterone (TT) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. We aimed to study the SHBG polymorphism rs1799941 in a cohort of young non-diabetic obese males to unravel the possible implication of this polymorphism in obesity-related hypogonadism. Methodology: 212 young (<45 years) non-diabetic obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) males participated in this study. Subjects were classified according to TT and FT levels in: Eugonadal (n = 55, TT > 3.5 ng/mL and FT ≥ 70 pg/mL; EuG), normal FT hypogonadism (n = 40, TT < 3.5 and FT ≥ 70 pg/mL; normal FT HG) and hypogonadism (n = 117, TT < 3.5 ng/mL and TL < 70 pg/mL; HG). The SHBG rs1799941 polymorphism (GG/GA/AA) was analyzed using the Taqman Open Array (Applied biosystem). Results: The rs1799941 frequencies were different among the groups. Higher proportion of the allele (A) was found in HG, compared to EuG and normal FT HG. Among the genotypes, the rare homozygous (AA) were found in the normal FT HG group and higher levels of serum SHBG and lower of FT were observed. The presence of the allele A was related (according to lineal regression models) to an increased of SHBG levels ((GA) β = 3.28; (AA) β = 12.45) and a decreased of FT levels ((GA) β = −9.19; (AA) β = −18.52). The presence of the allele (A) increased the risk of presenting HG compared to normal FT HG (OR = 2.54). Conclusions: The rs1799941 of the SHBG gene can partially determine the presence of obesity-related hypogonadism in young non-diabetic males and whether these subjects have normal FT HG.

Relationship of high density lipoprotein cholesterol with total and free testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Heller ◽  
M. J. Wheeler ◽  
J. Micallef ◽  
N. E. Miller ◽  
B. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding

Abstract. A cross-sectional study was performed to see if the previously described association between high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and plasma total testosterone concentration reflected a relationship with free testosterone or with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). In 295 employed middle-aged men, measurements were made of total testosterone and SHBG in serum and of testosterone in saliva, and also of plasma total and HDL cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and other factors which might influence HDL cholesterol levels such as body mass index, alcohol and smoking habits and thyroid hormone levels. In a multiple regression analysis using the GLIM package programme total testosterone concentrations had a persistent positive association with HDL cholesterol (t = 3.5, P < 0.001) – this association was independent of SHBG (which had a negative association with HDL: t = −1.8, P <0.07. The association of HDL cholesterol with testosterone was independent of and stronger than the association of HDL cholesterol with body mass index, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. Salivary testosterone (a measure of the circulating free hormone) also had a positive independent association with HDL cholesterol. The relationship between HDL cholesterol and testosterone thus appears to reflect an association with circulating hormone levels rather than with the hormone binding globulin.

Determination of testosterone in serum not bound by sex-hormone-binding globulin: diagnostic value in hirsute women.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Loric ◽  
J Guéchot ◽  
F Duron ◽  
P Aubert ◽  
J Giboudeau
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Free Androgen Index

Abstract We compared the diagnostic value of information given by total testosterone (I), free testosterone (II), the free androgen index (III), and testosterone not bound by sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (IV) as measured by a new differential ammonium sulfate precipitation technique, each step of which is conducted at 37 degrees C. SHBG and albuminemia were also measured. To examine the clinical value of IV, we analyzed single blood samples from 15 hirsute women and 15 age-matched healthy control volunteers. Values for I, II, III, and IV testosterone were all significantly higher in the hirsute group (P less than 0.01), whereas SHBG was decreased (P less than 0.01) and albumin concentrations were similar for the two groups. Overlap between values for normal and for hirsute women was 33.3% for I, 13.3% for II, and 0% for III and IV. The presented data suggest that IV measured by ammonium sulfate precipitation is the preferred discriminator for detecting hyperandrogenism, because this assay is technically simpler and less expensive than the II assay for routine investigation. It closely reflects the pool of bioavailable testosterone; thus, its main use might be as a screening test for androgen excess in women.

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