scholarly journals Endogenous memory reactivation during sleep in humans is clocked by slow oscillation-spindle complexes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Marit Petzka ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Bernhard P. Staresina
Keyword(s):  
Memory Function ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Associative Memories ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
Prior Experiences

ABSTRACTSleep is thought to support memory consolidation via reactivation of prior experiences, with particular electrophysiological sleep signatures (slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles) gating the information flow between relevant brain areas. However, empirical evidence for a role of endogenous memory reactivation (i.e., without experimentally delivered memory cues) for consolidation in humans is lacking. Here, we devised a paradigm in which participants acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Multivariate decoding was then used to capture endogenous memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Results revealed reactivation of learning material during SO-spindle complexes, with the precision of SO-spindle coupling predicting reactivation strength. Critically, reactivation strength in turn predicted the level of consolidation across participants. These results elucidate the memory function of sleep in humans and emphasize the importance of SOs and spindles in clocking endogenous consolidation processes.

scholarly journals Endogenous memory reactivation during sleep in humans is clocked by slow oscillation-spindle complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Marit Petzka ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Bernhard P. Staresina
Keyword(s):  
Memory Function ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Surface Eeg ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
Prior Experiences

AbstractSleep is thought to support memory consolidation via reactivation of prior experiences, with particular electrophysiological sleep signatures (slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles) gating the information flow between relevant brain areas. However, empirical evidence for a role of endogenous memory reactivation (i.e., without experimentally delivered memory cues) for consolidation in humans is lacking. Here, we devised a paradigm in which participants acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Multivariate decoding was then used to capture endogenous memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in surface EEG recordings. Our results reveal reactivation of learning material during SO-spindle complexes, with the precision of SO-spindle coupling predicting reactivation strength. Critically, reactivation strength (i.e. classifier evidence in favor of the previously studied stimulus category) in turn predicts the level of consolidation across participants. These results elucidate the memory function of sleep in humans and emphasize the importance of SOs and spindles in clocking endogenous consolidation processes.

scholarly journals Reactivating vocabularies in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Cordi ◽  
T. Schreiner ◽  
B. Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Swiss National Science Foundation ◽  
National Science ◽  
Function Of Sleep

AbstractQuality of memory and sleep decline with age, but the mechanistic interactions underlying the memory function of sleep in older adults are still unknown. It is widely assumed that the beneficial effect of sleep on memory relies on reactivation during Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and targeting these reactivations by cue re-exposure reliably improves memory in younger participants. Here we tested whether the reactivation mechanism during sleep is still functional in old age by applying targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during NREM sleep in healthy adults over 60 years. In contrast to previous studies in young participants, older adults’ memories do not generally benefit from TMR during NREM sleep. On an individual level, a subgroup of older adults still profited from cueing during sleep. These improvers tended to have a better sleep efficiency than non-improvers. In addition, the oscillatory results resembled those obtained in younger participants, involving increases in theta (~6Hz) and spindle (~13 Hz) power for remembered and gained words in a later time windows. In contrast, non-improvers showed no increases in theta activity and even strongly reduced spindle power for later gained vs. lost words. Our results suggest that reactivations during sleep might lose their functionality for memory in some older adults, while this mechanism is still intact in a subgroup of participants. Further studies need to examine more closely the determinants of preserving the memory function of sleep during healthy aging.Grant informationThe study was supported by grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) No. 100014_162388. T.S. is supported by a grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) No. P2ZHP1_164994.AbbreviationsN1 and N2Stage 1 and 2 sleepSWSSlow-wave sleepSWAslow-wave activityREMRapid eye movement sleepTSTTotal sleep timeTMRtargeted memory reactivation

scholarly journals Memory consolidation is linked to spindle-mediated information processing during sleep

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Cairney ◽  
A. Guttesen ◽  
N. El Marj ◽  
B.P. Staresina
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Associative Memories ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Retrieval Performance ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Up States ◽  
Eeg Pattern

AbstractHow are brief encounters transformed into lasting memories? Previous research has established the role of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, along with its electrophysiological signatures of slow oscillations (SOs) and spindles, for memory consolidation. More recently, experimental manipulations have demonstrated that NREM sleep provides a window of opportunity to selectively strengthen particular memory traces via the delivery of sensory cues. It has remained unclear, however, whether experimental memory cueing triggers the brain’s endogenous consolidation mechanisms (linked to SOs and/or spindles) and whether those mechanisms in turn mediate effective processing of the cue information. Here we devised a novel paradigm in which associative memories (adjective-object and adjective-scene pairs) were selectively cued during a post-learning nap, successfully stabilising next-day retention relative to non-cued memories. First, we found that compared to novel control adjectives, memory cues were accompanied by an increase in fast spindles coupled to SO up states. Critically, EEG pattern decodability of the associated memory category (object vs. scene) was temporally linked to cue-induced spindles and predicted next-day retrieval performance across participants. These results provide highly controlled empirical evidence for an information processing role of sleep spindles in service of memory consolidation.

Administrasi Kurikulum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
haryati gustia syafly ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Content Learning

the article discusses about crriculum administration both in terms of meaning, proess and the role of the teacher andregulations that discuss the content learning material, and ways that can be used as guedilines in implementing the learning process

scholarly journals Stoichiometric Analysis of Shifting in Subcellular Compartmentalization of HSP70 within Ischemic Penumbra

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3578
Author(s):  
Federica Mastroiacovo ◽  
Francesca Biagioni ◽  
Paola Lenzi ◽  
Larisa Ryskalin ◽  
Stefano Puglisi-Allegra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Neuronal Survival ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Disease Modifier ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentalization

The heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is considered the main hallmark in preclinical studies to stain the peri-infarct region defined area penumbra in preclinical models of brain ischemia. This protein is also considered as a potential disease modifier, which may improve the outcome of ischemic damage. In fact, the molecule HSP70 acts as a chaperonine being able to impact at several level the homeostasis of neurons. Despite being used routinely to stain area penumbra in light microscopy, the subcellular placement of this protein within area penumbra neurons, to our knowledge, remains undefined. This is key mostly when considering studies aimed at deciphering the functional role of this protein as a determinant of neuronal survival. The general subcellular placement of HSP70 was grossly reported in studies using confocal microscopy, although no direct visualization of this molecule at electron microscopy was carried out. The present study aims to provide a direct evidence of HSP70 within various subcellular compartments. In detail, by using ultrastructural morphometry to quantify HSP70 stoichiometrically detected by immuno-gold within specific organelles we could compare the compartmentalization of the molecule within area penumbra compared with control brain areas. The study indicates that two cell compartments in control conditions own a high density of HSP70, cytosolic vacuoles and mitochondria. In these organelles, HSP70 is present in amount exceeding several-fold the presence in the cytosol. Remarkably, within area penumbra a loss of such a specific polarization is documented. This leads to the depletion of HSP70 from mitochondria and mostly cell vacuoles. Such an effect is expected to lead to significant variations in the ability of HSP70 to exert its physiological roles. The present findings, beyond defining the neuronal compartmentalization of HSP70 within area penumbra may lead to a better comprehension of its beneficial/detrimental role in promoting neuronal survival.

scholarly journals Shining a Light on the Mechanisms of Sleep for Memory Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Frazer ◽  
Yesenia Cabrera ◽  
Rockelle S. Guthrie ◽  
Gina R. Poe
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Learning Tasks

Abstract Purpose of review This paper reviews all optogenetic studies that directly test various sleep states, traits, and circuit-level activity profiles for the consolidation of different learning tasks. Recent findings Inhibiting or exciting neurons involved either in the production of sleep states or in the encoding and consolidation of memories reveals sleep states and traits that are essential for memory. REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the N2 transition to REM (characterized by sleep spindles) are integral to memory consolidation. Neural activity during sharp-wave ripples, slow oscillations, theta waves, and spindles are the mediators of this process. Summary These studies lend strong support to the hypothesis that sleep is essential to the consolidation of memories from the hippocampus and the consolidation of motor learning which does not necessarily involve the hippocampus. Future research can further probe the types of memory dependent on sleep-related traits and on the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators required.

scholarly journals Sex- and age-based differences in the effect of central serotonin on arterial blood pressure regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1310-1323
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Magnusson ◽  
Craig A. Emter ◽  
Kevin J. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Serotonin Neurons ◽  
Older Males

The role of serotonin in arterial blood pressure (ABP) regulation across states of vigilance is unknown. We hypothesized that adult rats devoid of CNS serotonin (TPH2−/−) have low ABP in wakefulness and NREM sleep, when serotonin neurons are active. However, TPH2−/− rats experience higher ABP than TPH2+/+ rats in wakefulness and REM only, a phenotype present only in older males and not females. CNS serotonin may be critical for preventing high ABP in males with aging.

scholarly journals Role of effective atomic masses in memory function-based models for liquids: A simulation study of liquid water

2006 ◽  
Vol 125 (23) ◽  
pp. 236102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Calandrini ◽  
Godehard Sutmann ◽  
Antonio Deriu ◽  
Gerald R. Kneller
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Atomic Masses

scholarly journals Genetic and Neuroimaging Approaches to Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4503
Author(s):  
Sabah Nisar ◽  
Ajaz A. Bhat ◽  
Sheema Hashem ◽  
Najeeb Syed ◽  
Santosh K. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly disabling condition, increasingly recognized as both a disorder of mental health and social burden, but also as an anxiety disorder characterized by fear, stress, and negative alterations in mood. PTSD is associated with structural, metabolic, and molecular changes in several brain regions and the neural circuitry. Brain areas implicated in the traumatic stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, which play an essential role in memory function. Abnormalities in these brain areas are hypothesized to underlie symptoms of PTSD and other stress-related psychiatric disorders. Conventional methods of studying PTSD have proven to be insufficient for diagnosis, measurement of treatment efficacy, and monitoring disease progression, and currently, there is no diagnostic biomarker available for PTSD. A deep understanding of cutting-edge neuroimaging genetic approaches is necessary for the development of novel therapeutics and biomarkers to better diagnose and treat the disorder. A current goal is to understand the gene pathways that are associated with PTSD, and how those genes act on the fear/stress circuitry to mediate risk vs. resilience for PTSD. This review article explains the rationale and practical utility of neuroimaging genetics in PTSD and how the resulting information can aid the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with PTSD.

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