scholarly journals Economic Losses Associated with COVID-19 Deaths in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Quast ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Sean Gregory ◽  
Eric A. Storch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Choices

AbstractIn addition to the overwhelming health effects of COVID-19, the disease has inflicted unprecedented economic damage. Vast resources have been directed at COVID-19 testing and health care while economic activity has been substantially curtailed due to disruptions resulting from individual choices and government policies. This study estimates the economic loss associated with COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. from February 1, 2020 through July 11, 2020. We use estimates of years of life lost that are based on the age and gender of decedents. Using a value of life year estimate of $66,759, we calculate economic losses of roughly $66 billion. The losses are concentrated in New York and New Jersey, which account for 17.5% of the total losses. Our analysis of per capita losses by state indicates that the highest values are located in the northeastern region of the country, while the values in the western states are relatively low. While economic losses associate with COVID-19 deaths is just one aspect of the pandemic, our estimates can provide context to the value of prevention and mitigation efforts.JEL codesI12, I18, J17

Intrauterine Infections (Ciba Foundation Symposium 10, new series). Amsterdam/London/New York: Associated Scientific Publishers, 1973, 219 pp., $10.50

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Alex J. Steigman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ciba Foundation Symposium ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Intrauterine Infections ◽  
Scientific Publishers

This interesting volume is the result of a proper symposium rather than a collection of submitted reports. The authoritative findings are sprinkled generously with a free flowing discussion which brings sharply into focus what remains to be learned and how to go about it. The 22 well-qualified participants include 17 from Great Britain, 4 from the European continent, and 1 from the United States. Wisely included are the observations of a veterinarian-scientist; lessons learned from studies made primarily to prevent economic losses in animals may become useful to clinicians.

scholarly journals Moving the Mountain

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Turan Kayaoglu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
General Audience ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Gender

Few are as qualified as Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf to articulate a vision forAmerican Muslims. He has been involved with several major institutionbuildingprojects to address the concerns of American Muslims; his wife,Daisy Khan, has also participated in some of these projects. Since 1983, hehas served as imam of New York City’s al-Farah Mosque and thus is ratherfamiliar with the achievements, struggles, and diversity of the American-Muslim experience. His involvement with one of this community’s mostformative post-9/11 undertakings, the Cordoba House Project (also knownas Park 51 and the Ground Zero Mosque), attracted national and internationalattention.Several other American Muslims have written about the community. Forexample, James Yee’s For God and Country (2005), Sumbul Ali-Karamali’sThe Muslims Next Door (2008), and Asma Nomani’s Standing Alone in Mecca(2006) have experienced modest mainstream success. Mucahit Bilici’s FindingMecca in America (2012) is a notable, although a more academic, work.Imam Rauf’s book belongs to the first genre. Aimed at a general audience, itprovides a good understanding of such issues as jihad and gender relations inIslam, the Shari‘ah, and American-Muslim identity formation.Book Reviews 127The author’s key idea is that American Muslims are on their way to creatinga unique identity, one that is true to the spirit of Islam and also fits intoAmerican cultural norms. If fully realized, this identity would have threemajor potential benefits: making the United States more tolerant and just,healing the wounds between it and the broader Muslim world, and inspiringMuslims everywhere to reclaim Islam from the extremists. According toRauf, this identity can only be fully realized if Muslims have a good understandingof Islam, uphold American laws, and engage in the country’s ongoingmulti-faith projects ...

scholarly journals The Economic Loss Rule and the Design Professional’s Liability in Texas

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-719
Author(s):  
Shelby Russell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Broad Applicability ◽  
Limited Class

The economic loss rule bars recovery by a party who suffers only economic loss, unaccompanied by harm to the person or property. Although the economic loss rule was developed as a way to maintain a “boundary line” between contract and tort law, the application of the rule has proven difficult because of its potential for broad applicability and inequitable results. Because of this, several jurisdictions across the United States have adopted exceptions to the general economic loss rule. One such exception is negligent misrepresentation. The negligent misrepresentation exception is outlined in section 552 of the Second Restatement of Torts. The exception provides that a person who conveys negligent information in the course of his or her business for the guidance of persons within a limited class, who then rely on that information to their detriment, are liable to those persons in tort notwithstanding the economic loss rule. Until recently, Texas law was unclear as to whether it had adopted negligent misrepresentation as a general exception to the economic loss rule. It is clear, however, that Texas has adopted an exception to the economic loss rule for professionals who provide negligent information in the course of their profession. The Court in LAN/STV v. Martin K. Eby Constr. Co. (“LAN/STV”) chose not to extend this exception to design professionals who provide negligent design plans to contractors for a construction project. This decision has received backlash by many in the construction industry as it produces inequitable results and does not extend the “professional” exception to design professionals. Texas should adopt the negligent misrepresentation exception to the economic loss rule, as applied to design professionals in the construction context, so that tort remedies are available to contractors who suffer economic losses due to their reliance on negligent plans from a design professional.

Monitoring Depression Trend on Twitter during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipeng Zhang ◽  
Hanjia Lyu ◽  
Yubao Liu ◽  
Xiyang Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
Sleep Talking ◽  
Big Events

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected people’s daily lives and caused tremendous economic loss worldwide. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the pandemic has increased the depression level among the population. However, systematic studies of depression detection and monitoring during the depression are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aims (1) to develop a method to accurately identify people with depression by analyzing their tweets and (2) to monitor the population-wise depression level on Twitter. METHODS To study this subject, we design an effective regular expression-based search method and create by far the largest English Twitter depression dataset containing 2,575 distinct identified depression users (N=2,575) with their past tweets. To examine the effect of depression on people’s Twitter language, we train three transformer-based depression classification models on the dataset, evaluate their performance with progressively increased training sizes, and compare the model’s “tweet chunk”-level and user-level performances. Furthermore, inspired by psychological studies, we create a fusion classifier that combines deep learning model scores with psychological text features and users’ demographic information and investigate these features’ relations to depression signals. Finally, we demonstrate our model’s capability of monitoring both group-level and population-level depression trends by presenting two of its applications during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Our fusion model demonstrates an accuracy of 78.9% on a test set containing 446 people (N=446), half of which are identified as suffering from depression. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, appearance of first-person pronouns, talking about biological processes such as eat and sleep, talking about power, and exhibiting sadness are shown to be important features in depression classification. Further, when used for monitoring the depression trend, our model shows that depressive users, in general, respond to the pandemic later than the control group based on their tweets. It is also shown that three states of the United States - New York (NY), California (CA), and Florida (FL) - share a similar depression trend as the whole US population. When compared to NY and CA, people in FL demonstrate a significantly lower level of depression. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes an efficient method that can be used to analyze the depression level of different groups of people on Twitter. We hope this study can raise awareness among researchers and the general public of COVID-19’s impact on people’s mental health. The non-invasive monitoring system can also be rapidly adapted to other big events besides COVID-19 and might be useful during future outbreaks.

Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Top Predators

<em>Abstract</em>.—As top predators, striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em> and their hybrids often accumulate pollutants and prompt recommendations for reduced consumption. Economists have estimated the economic effect of fish consumption advisories on anglers using nonmarket valuation techniques. Following a brief discussion of advisories policy in the United States and the theoretical underpinning for estimating economic losses they may cause, I contrast estimates of economic loss (consumer surplus) with measures of economic impact. In a comprehensive review of the economic costs of advisories in freshwater fisheries, I found that economists have focused almost exclusively on only the most extreme of angler’s responses. These were changing the sites at which an angler fishes or changing the number of fishing trips during the season (ignoring losses associated with behavioral responses, such as changing target species, engaging in more careful food preparation, or strictly complying with recommended consumption limits). For decision makers needing to conduct benefit-cost analysis of an advisory policy but lacking the time or budget needed for an original study, I outline the method of benefit transfer. The paper concludes with a number of research topics not yet considered by economists: behavioral responses to advisories besides adjusting the site or number of trips, heterogeneity among anglers’ preferences, and the effect of differences in perceived risk of consuming contaminated fish.

The Making of American Catholicism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Catholic

The Making of American Catholicism: Regional Culture and the Catholic Experience argues that regional and transnational relationships have been central to the making of American Catholicism. The book traces the development of Catholic cultures in the South, the Midwest, the West, and the Northeast and their contribution to larger patterns of Catholicism in the United States. Exploring the history of Catholic cultures in New Orleans, Iowa, Wisconsin, Los Angeles, and New York City, the book carefully explores the history of American Catholic cultures across regions and their relation to factors such as national origin, ethnicity, race, and gender. The chapters include close analysis of the historical experiences of Latinx and African American Catholics as well as European immigrant Catholics. Eschewing a national or nationalistic focus that might elide or neglect global connections or local complexity, the book offers an interpretation of the American Catholic experience that encompasses local, national, and transnational histories by emphasizing the diverse origins of Catholics in the United States, their long-standing ties to transnational communities of Catholic believers, and the role of region in shaping the contours of American Catholic religiosity. Drawing on extensive archival research, the book argues that regional American Catholic cultures and a larger American Catholicism developed as transnational Catholic laity and clergy ecclesiastically linked to and by Rome in a hierarchical, authoritarian, and communalistic “universal Church” creatively adapted their devotional and ideological practices in particular American regional contexts that emphasized notions of republicanism, religious liberty, individualistic capitalism, race, ethnicity, and gender.

Wind-resilient civil structures: What can we learn from nature

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Petra Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
High Winds

Owing to changing weather patterns, catastrophic natural disasters are expected to happen more frequently and cause dramatic life and economic losses worldwide. The United States experienced a historically high record of weather disasters in 2017, with the economic losses exceeding 300 billion dollars. A major contributor to economic loss and threat to public safety is damage, destruction, and failure of civil structures in the strong-wind dominated disasters. There is a pressing need for reconstruction and redesign of critical civil structures to better cope with high winds to mitigate the loss of lives and properties. This paper takes a biomimetic perspective to link problem areas with potential solutions for future bio-inspired technology development, by identifying the most vulnerable aspects of civil structures in strong winds on one side and wind-resilient examples of biological systems on the other side. Of particular interest are plants that thrive in high winds, as they have likely adapted to manage the harsh environment under pressure of natural selection. Specific biological examples include the Saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantean Britton & Rose), reed grass, and shape reconfiguration of leaves. A review of problem areas, abstracted principles, and exemplary biological role models shall inform and guide towards new designs of wind-resilient civil structures.

Studying Policy Changes in Disaster Management in India: A Tale of Two Cyclones

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Jha ◽  
Rivu Basu ◽  
Atreyee Basu
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Steps

AbstractObjectiveThe mainstay of India’s disaster management policy until the early 2000s had been relief and rescue operations. The Odisha Super Cyclone (1999) with 10,000 deaths and US $3 billion economic damage provided a rude awakening. Recognizing the importance of preemptive preparedness, the government initiated systematic steps to implement a national framework interlinking economic, environmental, and overall developmental issues for efficient response to and mitigation of disasters.MethodsWe attempted a critical analysis of this paradigm shift in India’s disaster management policy through the prism of 2 cyclones, 14 years apart in time.ResultsWith improved preparedness and response measures, the death toll in 2013 Cyclone Phailin was 0.5% and the economic loss was about one-third of that during 1999. Concomitant improvements in the technological expertise of the early warning system, an integrated approach at all levels of administration including joint planning with major nongovernmental organizations, and improved community participation were identified as game-changers. An unbelievable 1 million people were evacuated to safety.ConclusionsOur essay aims to highlight key steps in this success and calls for futuristic approaches like insurance programs and gender-sensitive recovery plans. With thorough scrutiny, India’s model may well stand to be replicated in resource-restricted settings. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:42-46)

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