Photoperiod Sensitive Energy Sorghum Responses to Environmental and Nitrogen Variabilities

AbstractRecently introduced photoperiod-sensitive (PS) biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) needs to be investigated for their yield potentials under different cultivation environments with reasonable nitrogen (N) inputs. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the biomass yield and feedstock quality of four sorghum hybrids with different levels of PS ranging from very PS (VPS) hybrids and to moderate PS (MPS) hybrids, and 2) determine the optimal N inputs (0~168 kg N ha−1) under four environments: combinations of both temperate (Urbana, IL) and subtropical (College Station, TX) regions during 2018 and 2019. Compared to TX, the PS sorghums in central IL showed higher yield potential and steady feedstock production with an extended daylength and with less precipitation variability, especially for the VPS hybrids. The mean dry matter (DM) yields of VPS hybrids were 20.5 Mg DM ha−1 and 17.7 Mg DM ha−1 in IL and TX, respectively. The highest N use efficiency occurred at a low N rate of 56 kg N ha−1 by improving approximately 33 kg DM ha−1 per 1.0 kg N ha−1 input. Approximately 70% of the PS sorghum biomass can be utilized for biofuel production, consisting of 58-65% of the cell wall components and 4-11% of the soluble sugar. This study demonstrated that the rainfed temperate area (e.g., IL) has a great potential for the sustainable cultivation of PS energy sorghum due their observed high yield potential, stable production, and low N requirements.

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Influence of Date of Planting on the Growth and Yield of Locally Popular Traditional Aromatic Rice Varieties in Boro Season

Journal of Science Foundation ◽

10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

MA Mannan ◽

MSU Bhuiya ◽

MIM Akhand ◽

MM Rana

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Growth Duration ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Photoperiod Sensitive ◽

High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in boro season to determine the optimum planting date and to select the varieties having high yield potential. Traditional aromatic photoperiod sensitive fine rice varieties; Kalijira, Kataribhog, Chinigura and Badshabhog were transplanted from 10 December and continued up to 25 January, both in 2000 and 2001 years, at an interval of 15 days. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm x 20 cm. Results exhibited that plant tallness, number of tillers and dry matter increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the contrary, the number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and growth duration decreased with delaying of planting dates. The intermediate short stature plant type of Chinigura exhibited higher number of panicles (300-331 m-2) and comparatively heavier individual grain (12.25-12.31 g), consequently gave higher grain yield (2.79-3.53 t ha-1 ) planted with in December. However, in late planted situation in 10 January Kalijira exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1, resulted higher grain yield than the rest of the varieties. Thus, cultivation of traditional aromatic fine rice Chinigura and Kalijira have the potentiality to produced higher grain yield when planted in early December in Boro season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):20-28

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PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high-yield environment

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859607006831 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 3-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. REYNOLDS ◽

D. CALDERINI ◽

A. CONDON ◽

M. VARGAS

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

The Other ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Performance Traits ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Source Sink ◽

Radiation Use

For many years yield improvement reported in wheat was associated with increased dry matter partitioning to grain, but more recently increases in above-ground biomass have indicated a different mechanism for achieving yield potential. The most likely way of increasing crop biomass is by improving radiation use efficiency (RUE); however there is evidence that sink strength is still a critical yield limiting factor in wheat, suggesting that improving the balance between source and sink (source/sink (SS)) is currently the most promising approach for increasing yield, biomass, and RUE. Experiments were designed to establish a more definitive link of SS traits with yield, biomass and RUE in high-yield environments using progeny deriving from parents contrasting in some of those traits. The SS traits formed three main groups relating to (i) phenological pattern of the crop, (ii) assimilation capacity up until shortly after anthesis, and (iii) partitioning of assimilates to reproductive structures shortly after anthesis. The largest genetic gains in performance traits were associated with the second group; however, traits from the other groups were also identified as being genetically linked to improvement in performance parameters. Because many of these traits are interrelated, principal component analysis (PCA) multiple regression and path analysis were used to expose these relationships more clearly. The trait most consistently associated with performance traits was biomass at anthesis (BMA). The PCA indicated a fairly close association among traits within this group (i.e. assimilation-related traits) while those from the other two groups of SS traits (i.e. phenological and partitioning) appeared to have secondary but independent effects. These conclusions were partially born out by stepwise multiple regression for individual crosses where BMA was often complemented by traits from the two other groups. Taken together, the data suggest that the assimilation traits biomass in vegetative stage (BMV) and BMA have partially independent genetic effects in this germplasm and were complementary to achieving improved performance. The identification of a number of SS traits associated with yield and biomass, which both PCA and multiple regression suggest as being at least partially independent of one another, support the idea that additive gene action could be achieved by adopting a physiological trait based breeding approach where traits from different groups are combined in a single background. A second breeding intervention based on these results would be in selecting progeny for BMA and BMV using spectral reflectance approaches since those traits that lend themselves to large-scale screening. Path analysis confirmed the importance of the spike primordial stage in the genotype by environment interaction for these traits.

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Penampilan Genotipe Jagung Berumur Genjah pada Pemupukan N Dosis Tinggi dan Rendah di Lahan Sawah setelah Padi di Sulawesi Selatan

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v19n2.2013.p81-88 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

NFN Ruchjaniningsih ◽

Muh. Thamrin

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Early Maturity ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Use

Genotype Performance of Early Maturity Maize with N High and Low Dosage Fertilization in Irrigated Land After Rice Planting in South Sulawesi. Ruchjaniningsih and Muh. Thamrin. To reduce the negative impact of excessive fertilizer N use efficiency of N needs to be done, especially on maize that much need N. N use efficiency can be improved through the establishment of adaptive varieties of maize N fertilization is low, it is necessary for the characterization of the plant as a basis for screening genotypes. Some strains of maize have been evaluated wetland in Bontomanai, Bantaeng district, South Sulawesi, on May to December 2009, the result of the appearance of phenotypic characters and yield components. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with a factorial treatment genotype A (X01904 ), B (X02804 ), C (X02904 ), D (X03404), E (X03604), F (Bima- 1), G (Lamuru), H (Gumarang), and local B yellow for comparison with N fertilization (high and low dose) repeated three times. The results showed that fertilizer N 400 kg/ha had a greater impact on the character of the observed fertilization N 200 kg/ha. Genotypes that have high yield potential in rice fields is Lamuru cultivars (13.44 t/ha) and X01904 (13.33 t/ha). All genotypes tested from early maturing (76-84 dap). Genotype X01904, X02804, X02904, X03404, and Bima-1 excel in the characters observed compared to check varieties. Check varieties (local) is superior genotypes were tested on plant height and ear height layout. AbstrakUntuk mengurangi dampak negatif pemupukan N yang berlebihan perlu dilakukan efisiensi penggunaan N, terutama pada tanaman jagung yang banyak membutuhkan N. Efisiensi penggunaan N dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembentukan varietas jagung adaptif pemupukan N rendah, untuk itu perlu dilakukan karakterisasi tanaman sebagai dasar skrining genotipe. Beberapa galur jagung telah dievaluasi pada lahan sawah di Bontomanai, Kabupaten Bantaeng, Sulawesi Selatan, pada Mei- Desember 2009, untuk melihat penampilan fenotipik karakter hasil dan komponen hasil. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan perlakuan genotipe A (X01904), B (X02804), C (X02904), D (X03404), E(X03604), F (Bima-1), G (Lamuru), H (Gumarang), dan lokal B Kuning sebagai pembanding dengan pemupukan N (dosis tinggi dan rendah) diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan N 400 kg/ha berpengaruh lebih baik terhadap karakter yang diamati dari pemupukan N 200 kg/ha. Genotipe yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi di lahan sawah adalah kultivar Lamuru (13,44 t/ha) dan X01904 (13,33 t/ha). Semua genotipe yang diuji berumur genjah (76-84 hst). Genotipe X01904, X02804, X02904, X03404, dan Bima-1 unggul dalam karakter-karakter yang diamati dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding. Varietas pembanding (lokal) lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan genotipe yang diuji pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan tinggi letak tongkol.

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FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ag42-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Barry L. Tillman

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

University Of Florida ◽

High Oleic ◽

Central Stem ◽

Research And Education ◽

The University ◽

High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida. It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage. It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

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Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

HUE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.26459/hueuni-jard.v126i3e.4213 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (3E) ◽

Author(s):

Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽

Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽

Phan Thu Thảo

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Pure Line ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.

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Coordinated Rice Improvement Project in India: Its Significant Achievements and Future prospects

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2019.56.spl.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (Special) ◽

pp. 82-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LV Subba Rao ◽

RA Fiyaz ◽

AK Jukanti ◽

G Padmavathi ◽

J Badri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Nutritional Security ◽

Food Grain ◽

Rice Improvement ◽

Food And Nutritional Security ◽

Sincere Effort

India is the second largest producer of rice in the world and it is the most important staple food grain. All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) was initiated with objective of conducting multi-location trials to identify suitable genotypes of high yield potential along with appropriate crop management practices. Since its inception AICRIP contributed significantly in meeting the growing demand both within and outside India. Significant progress has been achieved through AICRIP in terms of varietal release thereby increasing the crop productivity and also meeting the food and nutritional security. This paper makes a sincere effort in bringing out the significant achievements/milestones achieved under the AICRIP program and also gives a few directions for widening the areas under AICRIP.

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Evaluation of Finger Millet Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Eastern India

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v4i03.9018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (03) ◽

Author(s):

M. K. Singh ◽

VINOD KUMAR ◽

SHAMBHU PRASAD

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Growing Degree Days ◽

Eastern India ◽

Degree Days ◽

Rainfed Condition ◽

Net Returns ◽

Humid Environment ◽

Use Efficiency

A field experiment was carried out during the kharif of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the yield potential, economics and thermal utilization in eleven finger millet varieties under the rainfed condition of the sub-humid environment of South Bihar of Eastern India. Results revealed that the significantly higher grain yield (20.41 q ha-1), net returns (Rs 25301) and B: C ratio (1.51) was with the finger millet variety ‘GPU 67’ but was being at par to ‘GPU28’and ‘RAU-8’, and significantly superior over remaining varieties. The highest heat units (1535.1oC day), helio-thermal units (7519.7oC day hours), phenothermal index (19.4 oC days day-1) were recorded with variety ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ and lowest in ‘VL 149’ at 50 % anthesis stage. Similarly, the highest growing degree days (2100 oC day), helio-thermal units (11035.8 oC day hours) were noted with ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ at maturity. The highest heat use efficiency (0.97 kg ha-1 oC day) and helio-thermal use efficiency (0.19 kg ha-1 oC day hour) were in ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘VL 315’.

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