scholarly journals In vivo Characterization of MRI-based T1w/T2w Ratios and Covariance Network in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Jiang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yingjie Qin ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Xin Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Damage Spreading ◽  
Transfer Station ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
System Disorder

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of intractable epilepsy in adults. A novel method based on the ratio of T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) magnetic resonance images can investigate brain microstructural changes and how these regional changes interact with each other. This study estimated T1w/T2w ratios in 42 left TLE (LTLE) and 42 right TLE (RTLE) patients and 41 healthy controls (HC). A T1w/T2w structural covariance network (SCN) was built by calculating correlations between any two regions across subjects and analysed by graph theory. Voxel-wise comparisons of T1w/T2w laterality were performed among the three groups. Compared to HC, both patient groups showed decreased T1w/T2w in frontotemporal regions, amygdala and thalamus; however, the LTLE showed lower T1w/T2w in left medial temporal regions than RTLE. Moreover, the LTLE exhibited decreased global efficiency compared with HC and more increased connections than RTLE. The laterality in putamen was differently altered between the two patient groups: higher laterality at posterior putamen in LTLE and higher laterality at anterior putamen in RTLE. This study demonstrated T1w/T2w reductions in frontotemporal and subcortical regions and extensive disconnections of SCN, providing evidence that TLE is a system disorder with widespread disruptions at regional and network levels. The putamen may play a transfer station role in damage spreading induced by epileptic seizures from the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Ictal ECG changes in temporal lobe epilepsy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 (3b) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Li ◽  
J. Roche ◽  
J.W.A.S. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Complex Partial Seizures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Video Eeg

Changes in cardiac rhythm may occur during epileptic seizures and this has been suggested as a possible mechanism for sudden unexpected death amongst patients with chronic epilepsy (SUDEP). We have studied ECG changes during 61 complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin in 20 patients. Tachycardia was observed in 24/61 (39%) and bradycardia in 3/61 (5%). The mean and median tachycardia rate was 139 and 140 beats/min (range 120-180). The longest R-R interval observed was 9 seconds. No difference was found in regard to the lateralisation of seizures and cardiac arrhytmia. One of the patients with bradycardia was fitted with a demand cardiac pacemaker, which appeared to decrease the number of his falls. In conclusion, ictal cardiac changes which may be seen in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are sinus tachycardia and occasionally sinus bradycardia. Patients presenting vague complains suggestive of either TLE or cardiac dysrhythmia, simultaneous monitoring with EEG/ECG is required, and if the episodes are frequent, video-EEG should be considered. Further studies on this subject are warranted as this may shed some light on possible mechanisms for SUDEP.

HAP1 Modulates Epileptic Seizures by Regulating GABAAR Function in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and in the PTZ-Induced Epileptic Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Miaoqing He ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Qinbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Epileptic Seizures

Elevated caudate DOPA decarboxylase activity in vivo in schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy with psychosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Reith ◽  
C Benkelfat ◽  
H Kuwabara ◽  
G Savard ◽  
G Chouinard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity

scholarly journals Absence of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Pathology in Dogs with Medically Intractable Epilepsy

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Buckmaster ◽  
Mary O. Smith ◽  
Christine L. Buckmaster ◽  
Richard A. LeCouteur ◽  
F. Edward Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy

scholarly journals Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) From Tuberculoma; Microneurosurgical Management of by Amygdalohippocampectomy with Lesionectomy Plus Standard Anterior Temporal lobectomy: A Case Report and Short Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Forhad Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammod Raziul Haque ◽  
AFM Momtazul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Complex Partial Seizure ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Patient presenting as a case of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) are usually resistant to antiepileptic drugs and surgery is the treatment of choice. This type of epilepsy may be due to Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS), tumors [i.e. low grade glioma, Arterio-venous Malformation (AVM) etc], trauma, infection (Tuberculosis) etc. Here we report a case of surgically treated TLE that was due to a large tuberculoma in medial temporal lobe. Intractable epilepsy caused by tuberculoma is rare. The only presenting symptoms was Complex partial seizure (Psychomotor epilepsy) for which the patient underwent scalp EEG (Electro Encephalography) and MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) of brain. The patient was managed by amygdalohippocampectomy with lesionectomy plus standard anterior lobectomy. Postoperatively she was on anti-tubercular therapy and on carbamazepine. The case was seizure and disease free till last follow up. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 106-109

scholarly journals Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase of the pilocarpine-induced model of epilepsy

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackeline Moraes Malheiros ◽  
Beatriz Monteiro Longo ◽  
Alberto Tannús ◽  
Luciene Covolan
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Magnetic resonance images are useful in the study of experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy. The manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) technique is of interest since it combines the effects caused by manganese on the increased contrast in activated cell populations, when competing with calcium in synaptic transmission. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of the contrast related to manganese in the acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by systemic pilocarpine and compare it to the expression of the c-Fos protein. During this phase, the intensity of the MEMRI signal was analyzed at three different time points (5, 15 or 30 minutes) after the onset of status epilepticus (SE). The group that was maintained in status epilepticus for 30 minutes showed a decrease in intensity of the signal in CA1 and the dentate gyrus (DG). There were no differences between the control group and the other groups treated with pilocarpine. The expression of the protein, c-Fos, in the same animals showed that even in the short-duration status epilepticus (5 minutes), there was already maximal cellular activation in subregions of the hippocampus (DG, CA1 and CA3). Under the experimental conditions tested, our data suggest that the MEMRI signal was not sensitive for the identification of detectable variations of cell activation in the acute phase of the pilocarpine model. Our findings are not consistent with the idea that manganese contrast reflects primarily alterations in cellular activity during SE when other signal-modifying elements can act.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1β secretion in hippocampal sclerosis patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Olgac Dundar ◽  
Berrin Aktekin ◽  
Nilufer Cicek Ekinci ◽  
Duygu Sahinturk ◽  
Ugur Yavuzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a common medically intractable epilepsy syndrome. Although pathogenesis of HS still remains highly controversial, genetics may play a role as a predisposing factor. Previous evidence in a Japanese population revealed that the homozygotes for allele T at position −511 of the interleukin (IL)-1β gene promoter region (IL-1β-511 T/T) confers susceptibility to the development of HS. However, whether this polymorphism has an effect on IL-1β levels in MTLE-HS patients was not demonstrated. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of this particular polymorphism in a group of Turkish HS patients and correlate the polymorphism with IL-1β secretion from the lymphocytes, thus revealing a functional role for IL-1β in the etiopathogenesis of HS. A single base pair polymorphism at position −511 in the promoter region of the IL-1β gene was analyzed. The spontaneous and 1 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of IL-1β by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 4 and 24 h of incubation were measured by ELISA method. The heterozygous type (−511 C/T) was the most common genotype. There was no difference in frequency of allele −511 T between patients and controls. Analysis of IL-1β levels, genotype and allele distributions showed no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). Nevertheless, it was seen that patients who carry a T allele at position -511 of the IL-1β gene had increased IL-1β levels. T-allele carriage may be important. Only IL-1β secretion from the lymphocytes has been assessed in this study. Considering the importance of IL-1β in the etiopathogenesis of HS, further studies are needed to evaluate locally produced IL-1β levels.

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