scholarly journals High regional and intra-generic variation in susceptibility to mass bleaching in Indo-Pacific coral species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Muir ◽  
Terence Done ◽  
J. David Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Mass Bleaching

AbstractAimMass bleaching is a major threat to reef-building corals and the ecosystems they underpin. Here, we identified regional variation in the nature of this threat in terms of the bleaching-susceptibility of individual coral species on some Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean reefs.Location22 sites in the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR) and 30 sites in the central Maldives Archipelago (MA).Time period2002 for the GBR and 2016 for the MA.Major taxa studiedCorals (Order Scleractinia).MethodsFollowing marine heat-wave conditions, timed in-situ surveys were used to record bleaching responses (tissue colour) of large samples of individual coral colonies. Responses of 106 shared species were analysed for sites with similar levels of temperature stress, depth of occurrence and mortality. In each region, phylogenetic mixed models were used to partition the effects on responses of species of deep-time phylogeny, contemporary history and local-scale, among-site variability.ResultsRelative susceptibility to bleaching varied widely between regions: only 27 of the 106 shared species were in the same quartile for relative susceptibility in both regions. Few species were highly susceptible in both regions. Closely related species varied widely in their individual susceptibilities. Phylogenetic effects were moderate in both regions, but contemporary phenotypic effects indicative of recent evolution and acclimatization were greater in the MA, consistent with a stronger history of recent bleaching.Main conclusionsThe high regional and intra-generic variation in coral bleaching-susceptibility described here suggests there may be important differences in the extent to which these Indian and Pacific Ocean coral populations are exhibiting responses to deep-time evolutionary changes on the one hand, versus recent adaptation, on the other. There is a concerning scarcity of this type of data, by which coral species most at risk from bleaching in particular regions may be more accurately identified.

Digital Resources: Chile’s Centro de Investigación y Documentación (CIDOC) and Anti-Communism in the 1964 Elections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Botto Stuven
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The Documentation Center of the Contemporary History of Chile (CIDOC), which belongs to the Universidad Finis Terrae (Santiago), has a digital archive that contains the posters and newspapers inserts of the anti-communist campaign against Salvador Allende’s presidential candidacy in 1964. These appeared in the main right-wing newspapers of Santiago, between January and September of 1964. Although the collection of posters in CIDOC is not complete, it is a resource of great value for those who want to research this historical juncture, considering that those elections were by far the most contested and conflicting in the history of Chile during the 20th Century, as it implicted the confrontation between two candidates defending two different conceptions about society, politics, and economics. On the one hand, Salvador Allende, the candidate of the Chilean left; on the other, Eduardo Frei, the candidate of the Christian Democracy, coupled with the traditional parties of the Right. While the technical elements of the programs of both candidates did not differ much from each other, the political campaign became the scenario for an authentic war between the “media” that stood up for one or the other candidate. Frei’s anticommunist campaign had the financial aid of the United States, and these funds were used to gather all possible resources to create a real “terror” in the population at the perspective of the Left coming to power. The Chilean Left labeled this strategy of using fear as the “Terror Campaign.”

The Thailand national AI ethics guideline: an analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraj Hongladarom
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary History ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethics Guidelines

Purpose The paper aims to analyze the content of the newly published National AI Ethics Guideline in Thailand. Thailand’s ongoing political struggles and transformation has made it a good case to see how a policy document such as a guideline in AI ethics becomes part of the transformations. Looking at how the two are interrelated will help illuminate the political and cultural dynamics of Thailand as well as how governance of ethics itself is conceptualized. Design/methodology/approach The author looks at the history of how the National AI Ethics Guidelines came to be and interprets its content, situating the Guideline within the contemporary history of the country as well as comparing the Guideline with some of the leading existing guidelines. Findings It is found that the Guideline represents an ambivalent and paradoxical nature that characterizes Thailand’s attempt at modernization. On the one hand, there is a desire to join the ranks of the more advanced economies, but, on the other hand, there is also a strong desire to maintain its own traditional values. Thailand has not been successful in resolving this tension yet, and this lack of success is shown in the way that content of the AI Ethics Guideline is presented. Practical implications The findings of the paper could be useful for further attempts in drafting and revising AI ethics guidelines in the future. Originality/value The paper represents the first attempt, so far as the author is aware, to analyze the content of the Thai AI Ethics Guideline critically.

scholarly journals Urbanologia: ku odbudowie tradycyjnego miasta europejskiego — szkic krytyczny

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Łukasz Medeksza
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medieval Model ◽  
The Middle Ages

Urbanology: Towards a Revivalof the Traditional European Town“Urbanology” — the term used in the title of the book Towards urbanology by the architect Stanisław Lose from Wrocław — refers to his idea of “afield of knowledge whose main subject is aman in an urbanised world”. Therefore urbanology is opposed to urbanistics, which — according to Lose — is more interested in economy, transportation or spatial planning than in people. The author of Towards urbanology strongly appreciates the medieval model of town — and its more freedom-oriented, and creativity-oriented, continuation in later ages. The author is also very impressed by the historical role of christianity as the cultural integrator of urban societies. But Lose’s book is only apretext for briefly describing the contemporary history of the traditionalist current in urbanism and enthusiastic opinions about the Middle Ages expressed by such different authors as René Guénon, Peter Kropotkin or G.K. Chesterton. Nowadays the so-called neomedivalism tries to interpret the current cultural, political and administrative diversity of Europe as anew version of the multi-level and polycentric order associated with the Middle Ages. But neomedievalism and urbanistic traditionalism raise some questions — for example those about the limits of being inspired by the Middle Ages, about the economy of the neomedieval model of town or about the relationship between the notion of the so-called living tradition in urbanism and architecture on the one hand — and historical styles on the other.

scholarly journals FOOTBALL, MEMORY AND HERITAGE: THE STORY OF DJALMA SANTOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Bernardo Buarque De Hollanda
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
National Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The One ◽  
Oral History Interviews

The article aims at showing results from the project ‘Football, Memory and Heritage: a Collection of Oral History Interviews for the Football Museum’. The research was performed at the Center for Research and Documentation on Contemporary History of Brazil (FGV, Rio de Janeiro) in partnership with the Football Museum (São Paulo, Brazil). The article shows, on the one hand, how the interest in soccer and its patrimonial and institutional aspects in Brazilian society has been increasing since the creation of collections of testimonies by institutions such as the Museum of Image and Sound in Rio de Janeiro (1965) and in São Paulo (1970), and the Football Museum, opened in 2008, which follows the latest world expographic standards. On the other hand, the article seeks to explore the raw material of testimonies collected from former players of the Brazilian team, who played in the 1958, 1962 and 1970 World Cups, the years the team were champions of the world, in order to put up for discussion how the complex relationships between history and national memory operate in the sports universe. The central argument to be raised in the article is that, in the discourse of former players such as Djalma Santos and others still living, the nostalgia for a bygone era of victories rekindles an important discussion for the collective imagination. The demarcation of boundaries between a glorious past – close to national roots – and a present of defeats or failures marked by ‘forgetting’ the true form of national play, activates a rhetoric built not only by the athletes but by an expressive fraction of the sporting press and the more general public opinion in which the national sporting memory is seen as impregnated with representations associated with nostalgia, loss and alienation from a ‘golden age’ of authentic Brazilian football.

scholarly journals Scaling from Weather to Climate

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-117
Author(s):  
Daniel Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Reasoning ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Species Category

One of the theoretical tensions that has arisen from Anthropocene studies is what Dipesh Chakrabarty has called the ‘two figures of the human’, and the question of which of these two figures of the human inheres in the concept of the Anthropocene more. On the one hand, the Human is conceived as the universal reasoning subject upon whom political rights and equality are based, and on the other hand, humankind is the collection of all individuals of our species, with all of the inequalities, differences, and variability inherent in any species category. This chapter takes up Deborah Coen’s argument that Chakrabarty’s claim of the ‘incommensurability’ of these two figures of the human ignores the way both were constructed within debates over how to relate local geophysical specificities to theoretical generalities. This chapter examines two cases in the history of science. The first is Martin Rudwick’s historical exploration of how geologists slowly gained the ability to use fossils and highly local stratigraphic surveys to reconstruct the history of the Earth in deep time, rather than resort to speculative cosmological theory. The second is Coen’s own history of imperial, Austrian climate science, a case where early nineteenth-century assumptions about the capriciousness of the weather gave way to theories of climate informed by thermodynamics and large-scale data collection.

The Practical and Professional Relevance of Educational Research and Pedagogical Knowledge from the Perspective of History: Reflections on the Belgian Case in its International Background

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Depaepe
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

During the past 25 years, the author has set up several research projects in the history of education. A lot of them focus on the so-called ‘educationalisation’ or ‘pedagogisation’ process, that is the increasing importance of educational phenomena (educational conceptions, mentalities and practices and their legitimation in educational research and pedagogical knowledge) in society. On the basis of such studies it is possible to draw at least partial answers to the problem of the practical and professional relevance of educational research and pedagogical knowledge in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Among other things, analyses of the inception of experimental research, of the change and continuity of in the ‘progressive’ area, of the social significance of the teaching profession, as well as of everyday life in ordinary schools, show an almost persistent tension between ‘rhetoric’ and ‘reality’ on the one hand, and between ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ pedagogy on the other. Tackling these kind of paradoxes is not only very helpful in qualifying the enduring attempts to improve education by research, but also in demythologising the educational past — a task to which contemporary history of education has devoted itself.

scholarly journals Participation of the Regional Control Commissions of the AUCP (B) and Bodies of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspections of the Rabkrin in the Repressions of the Early 1930s: Archival Materials of the Kuban and Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 904-915
Author(s):  
Igor G. Ivantsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Control ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Control ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The article has been written on the basis of archival materials of the early 1930s from the Documentation Center for the Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Krai. The article discusses the policies of the party bodies of the USSR, when conducting the policy of collectivization of agriculture and liquidation of kulaks as class. There has been no detailed study of the role of the regional party and state control in collectivization, dekulakization, and grain collections (khlebozagotovki), hence the novelty of the article. Direction of the repressions and control over them was largely carried out by the bodies of party-state control: Control Commissions of the AUCP (B) and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspections of the Rabkrin. Their activities were mostly closed-door. Collectivization management was mostly carried out by officials: communists, representatives of various party bodies and non-party organizations with prerequisite party cells and organizations. Their activity was directed and controlled by the local Control Commissions and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection in interaction with the OGPU, police, prosecutors, courts. They ordered to conduct collectivization and to destroy the kulaks (by means of arrest, confiscation, and deportation), while adhering to the appearance of legality, which engendered resistance and numerous violations of existing legislation. The duality of the party requirements resulted, on the one hand, in a drawn out period of repression. On the other hand, abuse that came to light was punished by means investigations, purges and checks, initiation of cases against the responsible parties, sometimes with their transfer to the prosecutor's office or court. Thus the most “zealous” were publicly punished or even repressed for their mismanagement of the party policy. Many local top men, feeling the duality and danger of their position, left their work and housing to hide away. At the same time, it turns out that the local Control Commissions and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection understood their role in carrying out of the activities entrusted to them and believed that they had a right to facilitate them with most severe support of the state power and without any regard to legislation. Identification, study, and introduction to the scientific use of new documentary evidence of the era allows a deeper understanding of the dramatic essence of the mass repression processes occurring in the country.

scholarly journals CORPORATISM AND THE BRITISH CONSTITUTIONAL HERITAGE: EVIDENCES FROM THE HISTORY OF IDEAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (64) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Valerio Torreggiani
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract This article challenges a historiographical understanding of corporatism as an appendix of fascist ideology by examining the elaboration and diffusion of corporatist cultures in Britain during the first half of the 20th century. The case study seeks, on the one hand, to highlight the changing nature of corporatism by showing the different forms - fascist and non-fascist - that it took in Britain in the given time period. On the other hand, the article connects British corporatism with the European corporatist movement, as well as with the British constitutional heritage, underlining the close entangling of national and transnational issues.

Experience and Concepts ‐ Between Democracy and Dictatorship

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Dietrich Bracher
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Public Support ◽  
German Society ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The One

IN THE FIELDS OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY AND POLITICAL science, the German discussion during the past thirty years has taken many unexpected turns. On the one hand, the expansion of political and social studies has led to often very exaggerated forms of specialization and theorization; the quantity of books and articles either on methodology or on fragmented details can hardly be mastered even by dedicated professionals. On the other hand, symptomatic of profound changes on the institutional and political level of German society is a marked polarization among social and political scientists, which has taken place mainly during the past ten to fifteen years; the historians are following the trend by confronting the ‘progressive’ methods of social and structural analysis with the ‘traditional’ history of persons, events and institutions. At the same time, an increasing demand for more personnel and more funds in the field of the social sciences, initially justified by the scarcity of public support, has now been followed by critical doubts about the expanding number of students and academic people pressing for positions.

On The Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. W. Small
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

It is generally accepted that history is an element of culture and the historian a member of society, thus, in Croce's aphorism, that the only true history is contemporary history. It follows from this that when there occur great changes in the contemporary scene, there must also be great changes in historiography, that the vision not merely of the present but also of the past must change.

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