scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among sylvatic rodents in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Grzybek ◽  
Daniela Antolová ◽  
Katarzyna Tołkacz ◽  
Mohammed Alsarraf ◽  
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Vole Species ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii is a significant pathogen affecting humans and animals. We conducted seromonitoring for T. gondii in four sylvatic rodent species in Poland. We report an overall seroprevalence of 5.5% (3.6% for Myodes glareolus and 20% for other vole species). Seroprevalence in bank voles varied significantly between host age and sex.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Sylvatic Rodents in Poland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Maciej Grzybek ◽  
Daniela Antolová ◽  
Katarzyna Tołkacz ◽  
Mohammed Alsarraf ◽  
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Northeastern Poland

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular Apicomplexan parasite with a broad range of intermediate hosts, including humans and rodents. Rodents are considered to be reservoirs of infection for their predators, including cats, felids, pigs, and wild boars. We conducted a multi-site, long-term study on T. gondii in northeastern Poland. The study aimed to monitor the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the four abundant vole species found in the region (Myodes glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, and Alexandromys oeconomus) and to assess the influence of both extrinsic (year of study and study site) and intrinsic (host sex and host age) factors on seroprevalence. A bespoke enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibodies against T. gondii. We examined 577 rodent individuals and detected T. gondii antibodies in the sera of all four rodent species with an overall seroprevalence of 5.5% [4.2–7.3] (3.6% [2.6–4.9] for M. glareolus and 20% [12–30.9] for M. arvalis, M. agrestis, and A. oeconomus). Seroprevalence in bank voles varied significantly between host age and sex. Seroprevalence increased with host age and was higher in females than males. These results contribute to our understanding of the distribution and abundance of T. gondii in voles in Poland and confirm that T. gondii also circulates in M. glareolus and M. arvalis, M. agrestis and A. oeconomus. Therefore, they may potentially play a role as reservoirs of this parasite in the sylvatic environment.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Savini ◽  
J. D. Dunsmore ◽  
I. D. Robertson ◽  
P. Seneviratna
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Sex Influence ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Arid And Semiarid ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYOesophagus samples from 714 cattle from Western Australia were examined by artificial digestion to detect the presence of Sarcocystis spp. The overall prevalence of infection was 52%. The prevalence of infection increased with age and was highest in the entire males (92%). The prevalence was lower in cattle which originated from arid and semiarid regions (9 and 31% respectively) than those from tropical (87%) and temperate (60%) regions. possible reasons for these differences are discussed and it is concluded that environmental and management factors as well as host age and sex influence the prevalence of infection with Sarcocystis spp. in cattle.

Helminth parasites of Jamaican anoles (Reptilia: Iguanidae): variation in prevalence and intensity with host age and sex in a population of Anolis lineatopus

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vogel ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYThe Jamaican iguanid lizard Anolis lineatopus is the host of 4 species of helminth parasite: an acanthocephalan (Centrorhynchus spinosus), a digenean (Mesocoelium danforthi), and 2 nematodes (Cyrtosumum scelopori and Thelandros (?cubensis). Prevalance of C. spinosus was unrelated to host age but was considerably higher in males (43%) than in females (10%). The intensity increased with host age: (range: 1–23, median: 3). Prevalence of C. scelopori increased with host age in both sexes: juveniles (<3 months) were uninfected while infection occurred in almost all lizards older than 9 months. Intensity was higher in males (range: 1–403, median: 158) than in females (range: 1–297, median: 86). The infection patterns of C. spinosus and C. scelopori differed significantly from each other and were not consistent with a simplistic direct relationship between time of exposure and infection prevalence. Acanthocephalan and digenean infections occurred at low prevalence and intensity although prevalence in older, larger lizards tended to be higher than in younger, smaller ones.

scholarly journals Temporal and between-site variation in helminth communities of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from N.E. Poland. 1. Regional fauna and component community levels

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BEHNKE ◽  
A. BAJER ◽  
P. D. HARRIS ◽  
L. NEWINGTON ◽  
E. PIDGEON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Jaccard's Similarity Index

SUMMARYHelminth infections were studied in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from 3 woodland sites in N.E. Poland in the late summers of 1999 and 2002, to assess the temporal stability of derived statistics describing the regional helminth fauna and component community structure, and spatial influence on the latter. Regional helminth fauna changed dramatically between the two years, primarily due to a fall in the abundance ofSyphacia petrusewiczibut was partially compensated for by an increase inMesocestoides lineatusandCladotaenia globifera. It was dominated by nematodes overall, but more so in 1999 than in 2002 when larval cestodes were more frequent. Most derived parameters for component community structure varied considerably between sites and the two surveys, the hierarchical order for sites not being maintained between surveys. They were susceptible to the disproportionate influence of three relatively rare, unpredictable species with the greatest overall aggregated distribution among hosts. Jaccard's similarity index was less influenced by the rare species, showing greater stability between sites and across years. In conclusion, temporal variation confounded any site-specific characteristics of the summary measures quantified in this study and their usefulness is therefore restricted to the years in which the surveys were conducted.

scholarly journals Polyandry enhances offspring survival in an infanticidal species

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Klemme ◽  
Hannu Ylönen
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Female Counterstrategy ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genetic Fitness

The adaptive significance of polyandry is an intensely debated subject in sexual selection. For species with male infanticidal behaviour, it has been hypothesized that polyandry evolved as female counterstrategy to offspring loss: by mating with multiple males, females may conceal paternity and so prevent males from killing putative offspring. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first empirical test of this hypothesis in a combined laboratory and field study, and show that multiple mating seems to reduce the risk of infanticide in female bank voles Myodes glareolus . Our findings thus indicate that females of species with non-resource based mating systems, in which males provide nothing but sperm, but commit infanticide, can gain non-genetic fitness benefits from polyandry.

scholarly journals Studies in bank voles reveal strain differences between chronic wasting disease prions from Norway and North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (49) ◽  
pp. 31417-31426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romolo Nonno ◽  
Michele A. Di Bari ◽  
Laura Pirisinu ◽  
Claudia D’Agostino ◽  
Ilaria Vanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Regional Deposition

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a relentless epidemic disorder caused by infectious prions that threatens the survival of cervid populations and raises increasing public health concerns in North America. In Europe, CWD was detected for the first time in wild Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) in 2016. In this study, we aimed at comparing the strain properties of CWD prions derived from different cervid species in Norway and North America. Using a classical strain typing approach involving transmission and adaptation to bank voles (Myodes glareolus), we found that prions causing CWD in Norway induced incubation times, neuropathology, regional deposition of misfolded prion protein aggregates in the brain, and size of their protease-resistant core, different from those that characterize North American CWD. These findings show that CWD prion strains affecting Norwegian cervids are distinct from those found in North America, implying that the highly contagious North American CWD prions are not the proximate cause of the newly discovered Norwegian CWD cases. In addition, Norwegian CWD isolates showed an unexpected strain variability, with reindeer and moose being caused by different CWD strains. Our findings shed light on the origin of emergent European CWD, have significant implications for understanding the nature and the ecology of CWD in Europe, and highlight the need to assess the zoonotic potential of the new CWD strains detected in Europe.

scholarly journals Bank vole immunoheterogeneity may limit Nephropatia Epidemica emergence in a French non-endemic region

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DUBOIS ◽  
G. CASTEL ◽  
S. MURRI ◽  
C. PULIDO ◽  
J.-B. PONS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Free Region ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Antiviral Gene ◽  
French Region

SUMMARYEcoevolutionary processes affecting hosts, vectors and pathogens are important drivers of zoonotic disease emergence. In this study, we focused on nephropathia epidemica (NE), which is caused by Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) whose natural reservoir is the bank vole,Myodes glareolus. We questioned the possibility of NE emergence in a French region that is considered to be NE-free but that is adjacent to a NE-endemic region. We first confirmed the epidemiology of these two regions and we demonstrated the absence of spatial barriers that could have limited dispersal, and consequently, the spread of PUUV into the NE-free region. We next tested whether regional immunoheterogeneity could impact PUUV chances to circulate and persist in the NE-free region. We showed that bank voles from the NE-free region were sensitive to experimental PUUV infection. We observed high levels of immunoheterogeneity between individuals and also between regions. Antiviral gene expression (TnfandMx2) reached higher levels in bank voles from the NE-free region. During experimental infections, anti-PUUV antibody production was higher in bank voles from the NE-endemic region. These results indicated a lower susceptibility to PUUV for bank voles from this NE-free region, which might limit PUUV persistence and therefore, the risk of NE.

scholarly journals Infection Load and Prevalence of Novel Viruses Identified from the Bank Vole Do Not Associate with Exposure to Environmental Radioactivity

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Kesäniemi ◽  
Anton Lavrinienko ◽  
Eugene Tukalenko ◽  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Phillip C. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bank Vole ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Environmental Radioactivity ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Environmental Radiation ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Repair Activity ◽  
Radiation Contamination

Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) are host to many zoonotic viruses. As bank voles inhabiting areas contaminated by radionuclides show signs of immunosuppression, resistance to apoptosis, and elevated DNA repair activity, we predicted an association between virome composition and exposure to radionuclides. To test this hypothesis, we studied the bank vole virome in samples of plasma derived from animals inhabiting areas of Ukraine (contaminated areas surrounding the former nuclear power plant at Chernobyl, and uncontaminated areas close to Kyiv) that differed in level of environmental radiation contamination. We discovered four strains of hepacivirus and four new virus sequences: two adeno-associated viruses, an arterivirus, and a mosavirus. However, viral prevalence and viral load, and the ability to cause a systemic infection, was not dependent on the level of environmental radiation.

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