Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Bronx enables clinical and epidemiological inference
AbstractThe Bronx was an early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. We conducted temporal genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 genomes across the Bronx from March-October 2020. Although the local structure of SARS-CoV-2 lineages mirrored those of New York City and New York State, temporal sampling revealed a dynamic and changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity. Mapping the trajectories of variants, we found that while some have become ‘endemic’ to the Bronx, other, novel variants rose in prevalence in the late summer/early fall. Geographically resolved genomes enabled us to distinguish between a case of reinfection and a case of persistent infection. We propose that limited, targeted, temporal genomic surveillance has clinical and epidemiological utility in managing the ongoing COVID pandemic.SignificanceThe ongoing emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has highlighted the need for continual genomic surveillance in order to track their spread and limit introductions into new areas. An understanding of circulating viral strains also provides a powerful tool that can be used to make clinical inferences. Here, we employ temporally and geographically resolved sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 samples in order to describe the local landscape of viral variants in the Bronx and to differentiate between cases of re-infection and persistent infection. We propose that local and targeted sequencing of viral isolates is an underutilized approach for managing the COVID pandemic.