scholarly journals A systematic approach for finding herbicide synergies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Sukhoverkov ◽  
Joshua S. Mylne
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Visible Growth ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures

ABSTRACTCombining herbicides into a double dose is a common approach to overcome the potential for herbicide resistance by weeds. Many herbicide mixtures can be antagonistic and they are rarely synergistic. Here, 24 commercial herbicides, each representing a mode of action were used to create a matrix of all 276 unique combinations to search for new synergies in agar with Arabidopsis thaliana. Herbicides were used at an appropriate sub-lethal dose such that any synergies gave visible growth inhibition. We found five synergies including three new ones, namely mesotrione-norflurazon, mesotrione-clethodim and paraquat-clomazone. All three new synergies were reproducible in soil-grown conditions. Interestingly, all three new combinations included a bleaching herbicide, suggesting synergy might be a class specific phenomenon. We also found that mesotrione-norflurazon and mesotrione-clethodim combinations remained synergistic against lettuce (Lactuca sativa), but not tef (Eragrostis tef). Our study shows that screening herbicide mixtures against A. thaliana is an efficient approach for finding rare herbicide synergies.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of the Romaine Lettuce Phylloplane Mycobiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Danny Haelewaters ◽  
Hector Urbina ◽  
Samuel Brown ◽  
Shannon Newerth-Henson ◽  
M. Catherine Aime
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
American Agriculture

Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an important staple of American agriculture. Unlike many vegetables, romaine lettuce is typically consumed raw. Phylloplane microbes occur naturally on plant leaves; consumption of uncooked leaves includes consumption of phylloplane microbes. Despite this fact, the microbes that naturally occur on produce such as romaine lettuce are for the most part uncharacterized. In this study, we conducted culture-based studies of the fungal romaine lettuce phylloplane community from organic and conventionally grown samples. In addition to an enumeration of all such microbes, we define and provide a discussion of the genera that form the “core” romaine lettuce mycobiome, which represent 85.5% of all obtained isolates: Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Filobasidium, Naganishia, Papiliotrema, Rhodotorula, Sampaiozyma, Sporobolomyces, Symmetrospora and Vishniacozyma. We highlight the need for additional mycological expertise in that 23% of species in these core genera appear to be new to science and resolve some taxonomic issues we encountered during our work with new combinations for Aureobasidiumbupleuri and Curvibasidium nothofagi. Finally, our work lays the ground for future studies that seek to understand the effect these communities may have on preventing or facilitating establishment of exogenous microbes, such as food spoilage microbes and plant or human pathogens.

scholarly journals Identifying Optimum Herbicide Mixtures to Manage and Avoid Fenoxaprop-p-Ethyl Resistant Phalaris minor in Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. ABBAS ◽  
M.A. NADEEM ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
R. AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Mixture Component ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Repeated Experiment ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT Use of herbicide mixtures has been advocated as most effective strategy for avoidance and management of herbicide resistant weeds. Effect of twelve selected treatments of four herbicides (clodinafop-propargil, metribuzin, pinoxaden and sulfosulfuron) two-way mixtures at different doses was investigated against fenoxaprop-p-ethyl resistant and susceptible populations of P. minor grown along the wheat plants. In repeated experiment, herbicides mixtures were applied at 3 to 4 leaf stage of P. minor under greenhouse conditions. All the herbicide mixtures were effective to control resistant as well as susceptible P. minor. Mixtures having 75% lethal dose of each mixture component provided best control against P. minor. Mixtures with 50% lethal dose of each herbicide also provided more than 80% control of P. minor. Surviving P. minor plants after exposure to herbicide mixtures showed reduced growth and seed production potential. No mixture combination produced phytotoxic effects on wheat plant up to 75% of lethal dose of each mixture component. Mixtures including clodinafop-propargil + metribuzin, pinoxaden + sulfosulfuron and pinoxaden + metribuzin at 100% dose of each mixture component produced minor phytotoxic effects on wheat plants and caused no reduction in terms of ultimate growth and grain yield. However, mixture of sulfosulfuron + clodinafop-propargil at 100% dose of each component was phytotoxic to wheat and caused significant reduction in term of growth and grain yield. So, farmers can use these mixtures even at 75% of recommended dose of mixture component to control susceptible and resistant P. minor in wheat.

scholarly journals A field survey of crop management practices and distribution of ALS resistant Euphorbia heterophylla in two states in southern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Vidal ◽  
L.M. Winkler ◽  
G.C. Hernandes ◽  
N.G. Fleck ◽  
A. Merotto Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Resistance Selection ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Weed Resistance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Area Data

Herbicide resistance was reported in Brazil almost ten years ago. One of the main weeds with herbicide resistance is wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla). This work evaluates the distribution of ALS-resistant E. heterophylla in two states in southern Brazil and determines the major contributing management causes for weed resistance selection in the area. E. heterophylla seeds from 148 sites located in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul were sampled during 2001 and 2002. Farmers provided specific site data for weed control, tillage system, crop rotation and harvesting operations during previous years. ALS resistant E. heterophylla biotypes were found widely distributed in the survey area. Data analysis suggests seed dissemination is unlikely to explain the widespread distribution of resistance. The most probable factor for the selection of the resistant E. heterophylla is the persistent high use of ALS-inhibiting herbicides over time. Indirect evidence is presented demonstrating the need to educate legislators and farmers about the importance of herbicide mixtures as a strategy to prevent herbicide resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Imidazolinone Herbicide Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana var Columbia

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanagasabapathi Sathasivan ◽  
George W. Haughn ◽  
Norimoto Murai
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Basis

scholarly journals Blue and Green Light-Induced Phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lactuca sativa L. Seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Steinitz ◽  
Zhangling Ren ◽  
Kenneth L. Poff
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

Herbicide-resistance conferred by expression of a catalytic antibody in Arabidopsis thaliana

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Weiss ◽  
Avidor Shulman ◽  
Irina Ben Shir ◽  
Ehud Keinan ◽  
Shmuel Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Catalytic Antibody

scholarly journals Is the cost of herbicide resistance expressed in the breakdown of the relationships between characters? A case study using synthetic-auxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutants

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRICE ROUX ◽  
XAVIER REBOUD
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Dominance Level ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
The Cost

A mutation endowing herbicide resistance is often found to induce a parallel morphological or fitness penalty. To test whether such ‘cost’ of resistance to herbicides is expressed through lower resource acquisition, changes in resource allocation, or both, is of ecological significance. Here, we analysed 12 morphological traits in 900 plants covering three herbicide resistance mutations at genes AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparing these 2,4-D herbicide-resistant homozygous (RR) and heterozygous (RS) plants to homozygous susceptible (SS) plants, this analysis estimates the dominance level of the resistance allele on morphology. We also demonstrated that the herbicide resistance cost was primarily expressed as a change in resource acquisition (62·1–94% of the analysed traits). Although AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 genes act in the same metabolic pathway of auxin response, each resistance factor was found to have its own unique signature in the way the cost was expressed. Furthermore, no link was observed between the absolute fitness penalty and the respective modifications of resource acquisition and/or resource allocation in the resistant plants. These results and their implications for herbicide resistance spread and establishment are discussed.

scholarly journals Homozygosity at its Limit: Inbreeding Depression in Wild Arabidopsis arenosa Populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cristina Barragan ◽  
Maximilian Collenberg ◽  
Rebecca Schwab ◽  
Merijn Kerstens ◽  
Ilja Bezrukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Arabidopsis Arenosa

AbstractNew combinations of genetic material brought together through hybridization can lead to unfit offspring as a result of outbreeding or inbreeding depression. In selfing plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, outbreeding depression is typically the result of pairwise deleterious epistatic interactions between two alleles that can geographically co-occur. What remains elusive is how often alleles resulting in genetic incompatibilities co-occur in natural populations of outcrossing plant species. To address this question, we screened over two thousand five hundred wild Arabidopsis arenosa hybrid plants in search for potential genetic mismatches. We show that although abnormal deleterious phenotypes are common, the transcriptional profiles of these abnormal A. arenosa plants differ substantially from those seen in incompatible A. thaliana hybrids. The abnormal hybrid phenotypes in A. arenosa had different underlying genetic architectures, yet a repeated theme was increased homozygosity, indicating that inbreeding rather than outbreeding depression gives rise to some of the deleterious phenotypes segregating in wild A. arenosa populations.

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