scholarly journals An evolutionarily conserved coreceptor gene is essential for CLAVATA signaling in Marchantia polymorpha

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Takahashi ◽  
Shigeyuki Betsuyaku ◽  
Natsuki Okuzumi ◽  
Tomohiro Kiyosue ◽  
Yuki Hirakawa
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Peptide Ligand ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Cle Peptide ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Specific Receptors

AbstractGrowth and development of land plants are controlled by CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) family of peptide hormones. In contrast to the genetic diversity of CLE family in flowering plants, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses a minimal set of CLE, MpCLE1(TDIF homolog) and MpCLE2 (CLV3 homolog). MpCLE1 and MpCLE2 peptides exert distinct function at the apical meristem of M. polymorpha gametophyte via specific receptors, MpTDIF RECEPTOR (MpTDR) and MpCLAVATA1 (MpCLV1), respectively, both belonging to the subclass XI of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs). Biochemical and genetic studies in Arabidopsis have shown that TDR/PXY family and CLV1/BAM family recognize the CLE peptide ligand in a heterodimeric complex with a member of subclass-II coreceptors. Here we show that three LRR-RLK genes of M. polymorpha are classified into subclass II, representing three distinct subgroups evolutionarily conserved in land plants. To address the involvement of subclass-II coreceptors in M. polymorpha CLE signaling, we performed molecular genetic analysis on one of them, MpCLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASE (MpCIK). Two knockout alleles for MpCIK formed narrow apical meristems marked by promMpYUC2:GUS marker, which were not expanded by MpCLE2 peptide treatment, phenocopying Mpclv1. Loss of sensitivity to MpCLE2 peptide was also observed in gemma cup formation in both Mpclv1 and Mpcik. Biochemical analysis using a Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system revealed weak association between MpCIK and MpCLV1, as well as MpCIK and MpTDR. While MpCIK may also participate in MpCLE1 signaling, our data show that the conserved CLV3-CLV1-CIK module functions in M. polymorpha, controlling meristem activity for development and organ formation for asexual reproduction.

scholarly journals An Evolutionarily Conserved Coreceptor Gene Is Essential for CLAVATA Signaling in Marchantia polymorpha

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Takahashi ◽  
Shigeyuki Betsuyaku ◽  
Natsuki Okuzumi ◽  
Tomohiro Kiyosue ◽  
Yuki Hirakawa
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Peptide Ligand ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Cle Peptide ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Specific Receptors

Growth and development of land plants are controlled by CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) family of peptide hormones. In contrast to the genetic diversity of CLE family in flowering plants, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses a minimal set of CLE, MpCLE1(TDIF homolog), and MpCLE2 (CLV3 homolog). MpCLE1 and MpCLE2 peptides exert distinct function at the apical meristem of M. polymorpha gametophyte via specific receptors, MpTDIF RECEPTOR (MpTDR) and MpCLAVATA1 (MpCLV1), respectively, both belonging to the subclass XI of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs). Biochemical and genetic studies in Arabidopsis have shown that TDR/PXY family and CLV1/BAM family recognize the CLE peptide ligand in a heterodimeric complex with a member of subclass-II coreceptors. Here we show that three LRR-RLK genes of M. polymorpha are classified into subclass II, representing three distinct subgroups evolutionarily conserved in land plants. To address the involvement of subclass-II coreceptors in M. polymorpha CLE signaling, we performed molecular genetic analysis on one of them, MpCLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASE (MpCIK). Two knockout alleles for MpCIK formed narrow apical meristems marked by promMpYUC2:GUS marker, which were not expanded by MpCLE2 peptide treatment, phenocopying Mpclv1. Loss of sensitivity to MpCLE2 peptide was also observed in gemma cup formation in both Mpclv1 and Mpcik. Biochemical analysis using a Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system revealed weak association between MpCIK and MpCLV1, as well as MpCIK and MpTDR. While MpCIK may also participate in MpCLE1 signaling, our data show that the conserved CLV3-CLV1-CIK module functions in M. polymorpha, controlling meristem activity for development and organ formation for asexual reproduction.

scholarly journals Regulation of the Poly(A) Status of Mitochondrial mRNA by Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease Is Conserved among Land Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-480
Author(s):  
Mai Kanazawa ◽  
Yoko Ikeda ◽  
Ryuichi Nishihama ◽  
Shohei Yamaoka ◽  
Nam-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Regulation of the stability and the quality of mitochondrial RNA is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial and cellular functions in eukaryotes. We have previously reported that the eukaryotic poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the prokaryotic poly(A) polymerase encoded by AHG2 and AGS1, respectively, coordinately regulate the poly(A) status and the stability of mitochondrial mRNA in Arabidopsis. Mitochondrial function of PARN has not been reported in any other eukaryotes. To know how much this PARN-based mitochondrial mRNA regulation is conserved among plants, we studied the AHG2 and AGS1 counterparts of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, a member of basal land plant lineage. We found that M. polymorpha has one ortholog each for AHG2 and AGS1, named MpAHG2 and MpAGS1, respectively. Their Citrine-fused proteins were detected in mitochondria of the liverwort. Molecular genetic analysis showed that MpAHG2 is essential and functionally interacts with MpAGS1 as observed in Arabidopsis. A recombinant MpAHG2 protein had a deadenylase activity in vitro. Overexpression of MpAGS1 and the reduced expression of MpAHG2 caused an accumulation of polyadenylated Mpcox1 mRNA. Furthermore, MpAHG2 suppressed Arabidopsis ahg2-1 mutant phenotype. These results suggest that the PARN-based mitochondrial mRNA regulatory system is conserved in land plants.

scholarly journals Design principles of a minimal auxin response system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Kato ◽  
Sumanth K. Mutte ◽  
Hidemasa Suzuki ◽  
Isidro Crespo ◽  
Shubhajit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Response System ◽  
Genes Expression

Auxin controls numerous growth processes in land plants through a gene expression system that modulates ARF transcription factor activity1–3. Gene duplications in families encoding auxin response components have generated tremendous complexity in most land plants, and neofunctionalization enabled various unique response outputs during development2–4. However, it is unclear what fundamental biochemical principles underlie this complex response system. By studying the minimal system in Marchantia polymorpha, we derive an intuitive and simple model where a single auxin-dependent A-ARF activates gene expression. It is antagonized by an auxin-independent B-ARF that represses common target genes. Expression patterns of both ARF proteins define developmental zones where auxin response is permitted, quantitatively tuned, or prevented. This fundamental design likely represents the ancestral system, and formed the basis for inflated, complex systems.

scholarly journals Identification of a divergent basal body assembly protein involved in land plant spermatogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuka Koshimizu ◽  
Naoki Minamino ◽  
Tomoaki Nishiyama ◽  
Emiko Yoro ◽  
Kazuo Ebine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Multilayered Structure ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
Computational Analyses

Oogamy is a form of sexual reproduction and evolved independently in animals, fungi, and plants. In streptophyte plants, Charophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae, bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns (monilophytes), and some gymnosperms (Cycads and Ginkgo) utilize spermatozoids as the male gamete. Plant spermatozoids commonly possess characteristic structures such as the spline, which consists of a microtubule array, the multilayered structure (MLS) in which the uppermost layer is continuum of the spline, and multiple flagella. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning plant spermatogenesis remain to be elucidated. To identify the genes involved in plant spermatogenesis, we performed computational analyses and successfully found deeply divergent BLD10s by combining multiple methods and omics-data. We then validated the functions of candidate genes in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the moss Physcomitrium patens and found that MpBLD10 and PpBLD10 are required for normal basal body and flagella formation. Mpbld10 mutants exhibited defects in remodeling of the cytoplasm and nucleus during spermatozoid formation, thus MpBLD10 should be involved in chromatin reorganization and elimination of the cytoplasm during spermiogenesis. Streptophyte BLD10s are orthologous to BLD10/CEP135 family proteins, which function in basal body assembly, but we found that BLD10s evolved especially fast in land plants and MpBLD10 might obtain additional functions in spermatozoid formation through the fast molecular evolution. This study provides a successful example of combinatorial study from evolutionary and molecular genetic perspectives that elucidated a function of the key protein of the basal body formation that fast evolved in land plants.

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity Study in F3 Population of Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
L Rahman ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
F Nur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was initiated for molecular genetic analysis among 13 F3 rice lines and their parents. Four out of 15 decamer random primers were used to amplify genomic DNA and the primers yielded a total of 41 RAPD markers of which 37 were considered as polymorphic with a mean of 9.25 bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 90.24. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci (14.63) and gene diversity (0.0714) was observed in 05-6 F3 line and the lowest polymorphic loci (0.00) and gene diversity (0.00) was found in 05-12 and 05-15 F3 lines. So, relatively high level of genetic variation was found in 05-6 F3 line and it was genetically more diverse compared to others. The average co-efficient of gene differentiation (GST) and gene flow (Nm) values across all the loci were 0.8689 and 0.0755, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on the Nei’s genetic distance differentiated the rice genotypes into two main clusters: PNR-519, 05-19, 05-14, 05-12 and 05-17 grouped in cluster 1. On the other hand, Baradhan, 05-9, 05-13, 05-11, 05-5, 05-6, 05-1, 05-4, 05-15 and 05-25 were grouped in cluster 2. The highest genetic distance (0.586) was found between 05-4 and 05-17 F3 lines and they remain in different cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16839 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 1 – 8, 2009

Diagnosis and Management of Cardiomyopathies – A Focus on Genetics, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Clinical Features

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Sinagra ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Giancarlo Vitrella ◽  
Marco Merlo ◽  
Rossana Bussani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Made In

In recent years, outstanding progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathies. Genetics is emerging as a primary point in the diagnosis and management of these diseases. However, molecular genetic analyses are not yet included in routine clinical practice, mainly because of their elevated costs and execution time. A patient-based and patient-oriented clinical approach, coupled with new imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance, can be of great help in selecting patients for molecular genetic analysis and is crucial for a better characterisation of these diseases. This article will specifically address clinical, magnetic resonance and genetic aspects of the diagnosis and management of cardiomyopathies.

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