Dual proteomics of Drosophila melanogaster hemolymph infected with the heritable endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii

AbstractInsects are frequently infected with heritable bacterial endosymbionts. Endosymbionts have a dramatic impact on their host physiology and evolution. Their tissue distribution is variable with some species being housed intracellularly, some extracellularly and some having a mixed lifestyle. The impact of extracellular endosymbionts on the biofluids they colonize (e.g. insect hemolymph) is however difficult to appreciate because biofluids composition can depend on the contribution of numerous tissues.Here we address the question of Drosophila hemolymph proteome response to the infection with the endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii. S. poulsonii inhabits the fly hemolymph and gets vertically transmitted over generations by hijacking the oogenesis in females. Using dual proteomics on infected hemolymph, we uncovered a low level and chronic activation of the Toll immune pathway by S. poulsonii that was previously undetected by transcriptomics-based approaches. Using Drosophila genetics, we also identified candidate proteins putatively involved in controlling S. poulsonii growth. Last, we also provide a deep proteome of S. poulsonii, which, in combination with previously published transcriptomics data, improves our understanding of the post-transcriptional regulations operating in this bacterium.Summary statementWe report the changes in Drosophila melanogaster hemolymph proteome upon infection with the heritable bacterial endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii.

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Dual proteomics of Drosophila melanogaster hemolymph infected with the heritable endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0250524

Author(s):

Florent Masson ◽

Samuel Rommelaere ◽

Alice Marra ◽

Fanny Schüpfer ◽

Bruno Lemaitre

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Drosophila Genetics ◽

Transcriptomics Data ◽

Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽

Chronic Activation ◽

Immune Pathway ◽

Proteome Changes ◽

The Impact ◽

Species Being

Insects are frequently infected with heritable bacterial endosymbionts. Endosymbionts have a dramatic impact on their host physiology and evolution. Their tissue distribution is variable with some species being housed intracellularly, some extracellularly and some having a mixed lifestyle. The impact of extracellular endosymbionts on the biofluids they colonize (e.g. insect hemolymph) is however difficult to appreciate because biofluid composition can depend on the contribution of numerous tissues. Here we investigate Drosophila hemolymph proteome changes in response to the infection with the endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii. S. poulsonii inhabits the fly hemolymph and gets vertically transmitted over generations by hijacking the oogenesis in females. Using dual proteomics on infected hemolymph, we uncovered a weak, chronic activation of the Toll immune pathway by S. poulsonii that was previously undetected by transcriptomics-based approaches. Using Drosophila genetics, we also identified candidate proteins putatively involved in controlling S. poulsonii growth. Last, we also provide a deep proteome of S. poulsonii, which, in combination with previously published transcriptomics data, improves our understanding of the post-transcriptional regulations operating in this bacterium.

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Effects of sodium fluoride and Ocimum sanctum extract on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00229-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sidra Perveen ◽

Shalu Kumari ◽

Himali Raj ◽

Shahla Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Activity Assay ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Assay ◽

Climbing Ability ◽

The Impact ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Background Fluoride may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. It may also lead to neurobehavioural defects including neuromuscular damage. The present study aimed to explore the effects of sub lethal concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L of NaF were selected as sublethal concentrations of NaF for the study. Lifespan was measured and climbing activity assay was performed. Results The study showed significant decrease in lifespan of flies treated with fluoride. With increasing age, significant reduction in climbing activity was observed in flies treated with sodium fluoride as compared to normal (control) flies. Flies treated with tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and NaF showed increase in lifespan and climbing activity as compared to those treated with NaF only. Lipid peroxidation assay showed significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the flies treated with NaF as compared to control. The MDA values decreased significantly in flies treated with tulsi mixed with NaF. Conclusions The results indicate that exposure to sub lethal concentration of NaF may cause oxidative stress and affect the lifespan and climbing activity of D. melanogaster. Tulsi extract may help in reducing the impact of oxidative stress and toxicity caused by NaF.

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Combined Effects of Temperature and Toxic Algal Abundance on Paralytic Shellfish Toxic Accumulation, Tissue Distribution and Elimination Dynamics in Mussels Mytilus coruscus

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 425

Author(s):

Yunyu Tang ◽

Haiyan Zhang ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Chengqi Fan ◽

Xiaosheng Shen

Keyword(s):

Tissue Distribution ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Mytilus Coruscus ◽

Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽

Rapid Elimination ◽

Simulated Environment ◽

Paralytic Shellfish ◽

Algal Abundance ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

The Impact

This study assessed the impact of increasing seawater surface temperature (SST) and toxic algal abundance (TAA) on the accumulation, tissue distribution and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in mussels. Mytilus coruscus were fed with the PSTs-producing dinoflagellate A. catenella under four simulated environment conditions. The maximum PSTs concentration was determined to be 3548 µg STX eq.kg−1, which was four times higher than the EU regulatory limit. The increasing SST caused a significant decline in PSTs levels in mussels with rapid elimination rates, whereas high TAA increased the PSTs concentration. As a result, the PSTs toxicity levels decreased under the combined condition. Additionally, toxin burdens were assessed within shellfish tissues, with the highest levels quantified in the hepatopancreas. It is noteworthy that the toxin burden shifted towards the mantle from gill, muscle and gonad at the 17th day. Moreover, variability of PSTs was measured, and was associated with changes in each environmental factor. Hence, this study primarily illustrates the combined effects of SST and TAA on PSTs toxicity, showing that increasing environmental temperature is of benefit to lower PSTs toxicity with rapid elimination rates.

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Preexposure to Isavuconazole Increases the Virulence of Mucorales but Not Aspergillus fumigatus in a Drosophila melanogaster Infection Model

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01896-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. e01896-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sebastian Wurster ◽

Russell E. Lewis ◽

Nathaniel D. Albert ◽

Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Infection Model ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Breakthrough mucormycosis in patients receiving isavuconazole prophylaxis or therapy has been reported. We compared the impact of isavuconazole and voriconazole exposure on the virulence of clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and different Mucorales species in a Drosophila melanogaster infection model. In contrast to A. fumigatus, a hypervirulent phenotype was found in all tested Mucorales upon preexposure to either voriconazole or isavuconazole. These findings may contribute to the explanation of breakthrough mucormycosis in isavuconazole-treated patients.

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Bacterial influence on the maintenance of symbiotic yeast through Drosophila metamorphosis

10.1101/2020.05.31.126185 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robin Guilhot ◽

Antoine Rombaut ◽

Anne Xuéreb ◽

Kate Howell ◽

Simon Fellous

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Symbionts ◽

Tripartite Symbiosis ◽

Summary Statement ◽

Key Features ◽

Microbial Symbionts

AbstractInteractions between microbial symbionts of metazoan hosts are emerging as key features of symbiotic systems. Little is known about the role of such interactions on the maintenance of symbiosis through host’s life cycle. We studied the influence of symbiotic bacteria on the maintenance of symbiotic yeast through metamorphosis of the fly Drosophila melanogaster. To this end we mimicked the development of larvae in natural fruit. In absence of bacteria yeast was never found in young adults. However, yeast could maintain through metamorphosis when larvae were inoculated with symbiotic bacteria isolated from D. melanogaster faeces. Furthermore, an Enterobacteriaceae favoured yeast transstadial maintenance. Because yeast is a critical symbiont of D. melanogaster flies, bacterial influence on host-yeast association may have consequences for the evolution of insect-yeast-bacteria tripartite symbiosis and their cooperation.Summary statementBacterial symbionts of Drosophila influence yeast maintenance through fly metamorphosis, a novel observation that may have consequences for the evolution of insect-yeast-bacteria interactions.

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Exploring the associations between transcript levels and fluxes in constraint-based models of metabolism

BMC Bioinformatics ◽

10.1186/s12859-021-04488-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neeraj Sinha ◽

Evert M. van Schothorst ◽

Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld ◽

Jaap Keijer ◽

Vitor A. P. Martins dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Flux ◽

Transcript Levels ◽

Proportionality Constant ◽

Model Predictions ◽

Physiological Information ◽

Highly Expressed Genes ◽

Transcriptomics Data ◽

Genome Scale ◽

The Impact ◽

Constraint Based Models

Abstract Background Several computational methods have been developed that integrate transcriptomics data with genome-scale metabolic reconstructions to increase accuracy of inferences of intracellular metabolic flux distributions. Even though existing methods use transcript abundances as a proxy for enzyme activity, each method uses a different hypothesis and assumptions. Most methods implicitly assume a proportionality between transcript levels and flux through the corresponding function, although these proportionality constant(s) are often not explicitly mentioned nor discussed in any of the published methods. E-Flux is one such method and, in this algorithm, flux bounds are related to expression data, so that reactions associated with highly expressed genes are allowed to carry higher flux values. Results Here, we extended E-Flux and systematically evaluated the impact of an assumed proportionality constant on model predictions. We used data from published experiments with Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and we compared the predictions of the algorithm to measured extracellular and intracellular fluxes. Conclusion We showed that detailed modelling using a proportionality constant can greatly impact the outcome of the analysis. This increases accuracy and allows for extraction of better physiological information.

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Viral route of infection determines the effect of Drosophila melanogaster gut bacteria on host resistance and tolerance to disease

10.1101/2021.02.18.431843 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Landum ◽

Marta Salvado Silva ◽

Nelson Martins ◽

Luís Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Germ Free ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Route Of Infection ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe microbial community interacting with a host can modulate the outcome of pathogenic infections. For instance, Wolbachia, one of the most prevalent invertebrate endosymbionts, strongly increases resistance of Drosophila melanogaster and other insect hosts, to many RNA viruses. D. melanogaster is also in continuous association with gut bacteria, whose role in antiviral immunity is poorly characterized. Here we asked how gut-colonizing bacteria impact viral titres and host survival, and how these interact with route of infection or Wolbachia presence. We compared germ-free flies and flies associated with two gut bacteria species recently isolated from wild flies (Acetobacter thailandicus and Lactobacillus brevis). We found that Wolbachia-conferred protection to both DCV or FHV is not affected by the presence or absence of these gut bacteria. Flies carrying A. thailandicus have lower DCV loads than germ-free flies, upon systemic infection, but reduced survival, indicating that these bacteria increase resistance to virus and decrease disease tolerance. Association with L. brevis, alone or in combination with A. thailandicus, did not lead to changes in survival to systemic infection. In contrast to the effect on systemic infection, we did not observe an impact of these bacteria on survival or viral loads after oral infection. Overall, the impact of gut-associated bacteria in resistance and tolerance to viruses was mild, when compared with Wolbachia. These results indicate that the effect of gut-associated bacteria to different viral infections, and different routes of infection, is complex and understanding it requires a detailed characterization of several parameters of infection.

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FlyRNAi.org—the database of the Drosophila RNAi screening center and transgenic RNAi project: 2021 update

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkaa936 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (D1) ◽

pp. D908-D915

Author(s):

Yanhui Hu ◽

Aram Comjean ◽

Jonathan Rodiger ◽

Yifang Liu ◽

Yue Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Functional Genomics ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Protein Modification ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Online Resources ◽

Model Species ◽

Rnai Screening ◽

Transcriptomics Data

Abstract The FlyRNAi database at the Drosophila RNAi Screening Center and Transgenic RNAi Project (DRSC/TRiP) provides a suite of online resources that facilitate functional genomics studies with a special emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster. Currently, the database provides: gene-centric resources that facilitate ortholog mapping and mining of information about orthologs in common genetic model species; reagent-centric resources that help researchers identify RNAi and CRISPR sgRNA reagents or designs; and data-centric resources that facilitate visualization and mining of transcriptomics data, protein modification data, protein interactions, and more. Here, we discuss updated and new features that help biological and biomedical researchers efficiently identify, visualize, analyze, and integrate information and data for Drosophila and other species. Together, these resources facilitate multiple steps in functional genomics workflows, from building gene and reagent lists to management, analysis, and integration of data.

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Changing the morphology of one-dimensional titanate nanostructures affects its tissue distribution and toxicity

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233720921693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 272-286

Author(s):

Nahla Kamal ◽

AH Zaki ◽

Ahmed AG El-Shahawy ◽

Ossama M Sayed ◽

SI El-Dek

Keyword(s):

Tissue Distribution ◽

Surface Area ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Titanate Nanostructures ◽

The Impact

The present research investigated the impact of the morphology change of titanate (TiO2) nanostructures on its tissue distribution and toxicity. The TiO2 nanotubes, rods, and ribbons were synthesized by the hydrothermal technique, and the morphology was adjusted by alteration of the hydrothermal duration time. The characterization techniques were X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method for measuring the surface area. The intravenously administrated dose (5 mg/kg) was injected as a single dose for 1 day and consecutively for 42 days. The quantitative analysis of accumulated TiO2 nanostructures in the liver, spleen, and the heart was performed using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, and the organs’ toxicity was estimated by histopathological analysis. The prepared nanostructures exhibited differences in morphology, crystallinity, size distribution, surface area, zeta potential, and aspect ratio. The results revealed a tissue distribution difference between the liver, spleen, and heart of these nanostructures, the distribution order was the liver, spleen, and the heart for all TiO2 nanostructures. The toxicity was induced with different degrees. The nanotubes were the most harmful among the three formats. In summary, changes in the morphology of the TiO2 nanostructures change its distribution and toxicity.

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Disparities of Minor Histocompatibility Antigens in Unrelated Allo-HCT.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.3070.3070 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 3070-3070

Author(s):

Miroslaw Markiewicz ◽

Urszula Siekiera ◽

Jerzy Wojnar ◽

Iwona Wylezol ◽

Sebastian Giebel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Graft Failure ◽

Medical Center ◽

Chronic Gvhd ◽

Unrelated Donor ◽

Histocompatibility Antigens ◽

Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ◽

Leukemia Relapse ◽

The Impact

Abstract Disparities of minor Histocompatibility antigens (mHag) have been considered as an important immunogenetic factor influencing immune responses following transplantation despite fully matched HLA of donor and recipient. The aim of our study was to answer whether mHag incompatibility may influence the outcome of allo-HCT. DNA samples from 92 unrelated donor/recipient pairs completely matched in HLA-A*,B*,C*,DRB1*,DQB1* alleles were collected in order to define minor Histocompatibility HA-1, HA-2, HA-3, HA-8, HB-1, ACC-1, ACC-2, HwA-9, HwA-10, UGT2B17, HY genotypes with use of Dynal AllSet kits by PCR-SSP method. Unrelated allo-HCTs were performed in the Department of Hematology and BMT in Katowice, Poland, with use the same standard operating procedure from January 2004 until December 2006. Host versus Graft or Graft versus Host direction of immune responses in donor/recipient pairs was analyzed with use of the minor Histocompatibility Database of Leiden University Medical Center. We observed the impact of mHAg mismatches upon chronic GVHD, incidence of leukemia relapse and graft failure. Patients transplanted from donors with mHAg’s incompatibility in GVH direction had higher probability of chronic GVHD in comparison to other pairs (54% vs 31%, p=0.07). This impact was most prominent for mismatched mHAgs with broad tissue distribution (62% vs 36%, p=0.04), especially HY (66% vs 38%, p=0.02). Opposite influence of HY mismatches in GVH direction was observed upon the probability of relapse, which was lower in the HY-mismatched than in HY-matched group (6% vs 23%, p=0.046). Two mHAgs with tissue distribution restricted to hematopoietic cells mismatched in HVG direction were associated with higher incidence of graft failure than in matched pairs: HA-1 (38% vs 12%, p=0.09) and HA-2 (50% vs 13%, p=0.09). Minor Histocompatibility typing of completely HLA matched patients helps to identify individuals who are at higher risk of cGVHD, leukemia relapse and graft failure, and thus supports precise matching of donor/recipient pairs for unrelated allo-HCT.

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