scholarly journals Maternal Levels of Acute Phase Proteins in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brynge ◽  
Renee M Gardner ◽  
Hugo Sjöqvist ◽  
Håkan Karlsson ◽  
Christina Dalman
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Previous research supports a contribution of early-life immune disturbances in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Biomarker studies of the maternal innate (non-adaptive) immune status related to ASD risk have focused on one of the acute phase proteins (APP), C-reactive protein (CRP), with conflicting results. We evaluated levels of eight different APP in maternal serum samples drawn in first trimester, from 318 mothers to ASD-cases and 429 mothers to ASD-unaffected controls, nested within the register-based Stockholm Youth Cohort. Overall, we found no general trend of high levels of maternal APP being associated with increased risk of ASD. In contrast, maternal levels of CRP in the lowest compared to the middle tertile were associated with increased risk of ASD without ID or ADHD in offspring (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.17-3.93). Further, levels of maternal ferritin in the lowest (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI 1.19-2.78) and highest (OR = 1.74, 95 % CI 1.16-2.60) tertiles were associated with increased risk of any ASD diagnosis in offspring, with stronger associations still between the lowest (OR = 3.58, 95 % CI 1.79-7.17) and highest (OR = 3.20, 95 % CI 1.62-6.29) tertiles of ferritin and risk of ASD with ID. The biological interpretation of lower CRP-levels among mothers to ASD-cases is not clear but might be related to the function of the maternal innate immune system. The finding of aberrant levels of ferritin conferring risk of ASD-phenotypes indicates a plausibly important role of iron during neurodevelopment.

scholarly journals Neonatal levels of acute phase proteins and risk of autism spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Gardner ◽  
Brian K. Lee ◽  
Martin Brynge ◽  
Hugo Sjöqvist ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBackgroundImmune signaling pathways influence neurodevelopment and are hypothesized to contribute to the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We aimed to assess risk of ASD in relation to levels of neonatal acute phase proteins, key components of innate immune function, measured in neonatal dried blood spots.MethodWe included 924 ASD cases, 1092 unaffected population-based controls, and 203 unaffected siblings to ASD cases in this case-control study nested within the register-based Stockholm Youth Cohort. Concentrations of nine different acute phase proteins were measured in eluates from neonatal dried blood spots from cases, controls, and siblings using a bead-based multiplex assay.ResultsC reactive protein was consistently associated with odds of ASD in case-control comparisons, with higher odds associated with the highest quintile compared to the middle quintile (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10 – 2.04) in adjusted analyses. In contrast, the lowest quintiles of alpha-2-macroglobulin (3.71, 1.21 – 11.33), ferritin (4.20, 1.40 – 12.65), and Serum Amyloid P (3.05, 1.16 – 8.01) were associated with odds of ASD in the matched sibling comparison. Neonatal acute phase proteins varied with perinatal environmental factors and maternal/fetal phenotypes. Significant interactions in terms of risk for ASD were observed between neonatal acute phase proteins and maternal infection in late pregnancy, maternal anemia, and maternal psychiatric history.ConclusionsIndicators of the neonatal innate immune response are associated with risk for ASD, though the nature of these associations varies considerably with factors in the perinatal environment and the genetic background of the comparison group.

scholarly journals Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Dominique H. Como ◽  
Leah I. Stein Duker ◽  
José C. Polido ◽  
Sharon A. Cermak
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Research Review for School Counselors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1501604
Author(s):  
Richard W. Auger
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The number of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has risen significantly in recent years (CDC, 2012), and students with ASD present unique challenges to schools and school counselors. This article presents a synthesis of recent research literature related to ASD for the purpose of providing school counselors with assistance in understanding and addressing the needs of students with ASD. Specific areas of focus include the prevalence, developmental course, and defining characteristics of ASD, and research on the effectiveness of interventions for students with ASD. Students with ASD are at increased risk for a range of problems, including social deficits and limitations, anxiety, aggression, peer victimization, and underachievement (Ashburner, Ziviani, & Rodger, 2010). Interventions to address the social deficits of students with ASD have shown promise but also have been found to lack results that are generalizable and that persist over time (Schreiber, 2011). This article provides specific recommendations for school counselors.

Vitamine D en het risico op ASS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub F.J. Savelkoul
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of behavioral disorders in which a disturbed immune reactivity can contribute to the etiology. In retrospective research we found an association between the risk to develop ASD and the month of birth with a peak in July pointing at a possible decreased exposure to sunlight during the first two semesters of pregnancy. This could point to an important role of vitamin D which has important anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and thereby regulates the proper functioning of the immune system in these individuals. Maternal serum levels of vitamin D double during the first trimester of pregnancy and therefore decreased exposure to sunlight resulting in diminished levels of vitamin D production can be an important risk factor for the development of ASD. However, there is a need for more integrated multidisciplinary studies in families where all siblings are also studied to elucidate the contribution of their genetic risk factors.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorders and Maternal Serum alpha-Fetoprotein Levels during Pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morsi W Abdallah ◽  
Jakob Grove ◽  
David M Hougaard ◽  
Bent Nørgaard-Pedersen ◽  
Fuad Ibrahimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Increased Risk for Substance Use-Related Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Butwicka ◽  
Niklas Långström ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Sebastian Lundström ◽  
Eva Serlachius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorders: weighing the risk of SSRI exposure in pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ostuzzi ◽  
C. Barbui
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Confounding By Indication ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Recent Cohort

A possible link between prenatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), previously suggested by two case-control studies, was not confirmed by a recent cohort study that followed for 5–10 years more than 600,000 births. However, this study failed to demonstrate that SSRI exposure during pregnancy is safe in terms of child development outcomes, as an increased risk of ASDs cannot be completely ruled out. In the present article, the main strengths and weaknesses of this study are briefly analysed, including a possibility of confounding by indication.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders at Short and Long Interpregnancy Intervals in Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely Cheslack-Postava ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Elina Jokiranta ◽  
Venla Lehti ◽  
Ian W. McKeague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Interpregnancy Intervals ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

A Multimethod Assessment of Anxiety and Problem Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Moskowitz ◽  
Emile Mulder ◽  
Caitlin E. Walsh ◽  
Darlene Magito McLaughlin ◽  
Jennifer R. Zarcone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Despite the increased risk for anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), there is a lack of research on the assessment and treatment of anxiety in this population, particularly for those with an intellectual disability (ID). The present study evaluated a multimethod strategy for the assessment of anxiety and problem behavior in three children with ASD and ID. Anxiety was operationally defined using: (1) behavioral data from anxious behaviors, (2) affective/contextual data from parent-report and observer ratings of overall anxiety, and (3) physiological data (heart rate [HR] and respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]). A functional assessment of problem behavior during high- and low-anxiety conditions was conducted. Higher levels of problem behavior and HR and lower RSA were found in the high-anxiety than in the low-anxiety conditions.

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