scholarly journals Alcohol cues elicit different abnormalities in brain networks of abstinent men and women with alcohol use disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayle S Sawyer ◽  
Marlene Oscar-Berman ◽  
Susan Mosher Ruiz ◽  
Ksenija Marinkovic ◽  
Mary M Valmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Alcohol Cues ◽  
History Of

We employed fMRI in 84 men and women with and without a history of alcohol use disorders (ALC and NC, respectively), to explore how gender interacts with alcoholism as reflected in brain activity elicited by alcohol cues. Brain activation was measured in a working memory task (delayed matching-to-sample) with emotional faces as the sample and match cues. During the delay period, intervening distractors were either reward-salient cues (alcoholic beverages) or neutral cues (nonalcoholic beverages or scrambled pictures). ALC women (ALCw) had higher accuracy than ALC men (ALCm). Analyses of scans during the viewing of distractor images revealed significant group-by-gender interactions. Compared to NC men, ALCm evidenced lower activation contrast between reward-salient cues and neutral cues in default mode network regions (including superior prefrontal and precuneus areas), while ALCw had more activation than NC women. Similar interactions were observed for task-regions (including superior parietal, lateral occipital, and prefrontal areas). Region of interest analyses showed that the ALC group had significantly higher levels of activation throughout reward-related circuitry during alcohol distractor interference than during scrambled picture interference. These results suggest that abstinent ALCm and ALCw differ in processing reward-salient cues, which can impact treatment and recovery.

scholarly journals Assessment of alcohol use disorder and its associated factors among alcohol users of medical and surgical outpatients attending a specialized hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Demilew ◽  
Berhanu Boru ◽  
Getachew Tesfaw ◽  
Habtamu Kerebih ◽  
Endalamaw Salelew
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder increase the risk of physical harm, mental or social consequences for patients and others in the community. Studies on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among medical and surgical outpatients in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study is meant to provide essential data on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among alcohol user medical and surgical outpatients to intervene in the future. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using the systematic random sampling technique. Alcohol use disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization’s 10-item Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, a P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariate analysis and the strength of association was measured at a 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 34.5% with a 95% CI (29.20, 39.80) among study participants. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (AOR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.40, 7.93), history of mental illness (AOR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.12, 6.38), drinking for relaxation (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.48) and history of lifetime tobacco use (AOR = 5.64, 95%CI: 1.95, 16.29) were factors significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among medical and surgical outpatients was found to be high. Male sex, history of mental illness, alcohol use for relaxation and lifetime cigarette smoking need more attention during the assessment of patients in the medical and surgical outpatient departments.

scholarly journals Behavioural cue reactivity to alcohol and non-alcohol-related stimuli among individuals with severe alcohol use disorder: an fMRI study with a visual task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Fukushima ◽  
Hironori Kuga ◽  
Naoya Oribe ◽  
Takeo Mutou ◽  
Takefumi Yuzuriha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Bold Responses

AbstractPatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have difficulties controlling alcohol cravings and thus exhibit increased use and earlier relapse. Although patients tend to respond more strongly to alcohol-related images compared with non-alcohol-related images, few researchers examined the factors that modulate cravings. Here, we examined whole-brain blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to behavioural cues in individuals with AUD and healthy controls (HCs). The participants included 24 patients with severe AUD and 15 HCs. We presented four beverage images (juice, drinking juice, sake, and drinking sake) and compared participant BOLD responses between the two groups. Multiple comparisons revealed that the AUD group had lower BOLD responses compared with the HC group to images of drinking juice in the left precuneus (p = 0.036) and the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (p = 0.044) and higher BOLD responses to images of drinking sake in the left PCC (p = 0.044). Furthermore, compared to the HCs, the AUD patients had decreased BOLD responses associated with cue reactivity to drinking juice in the left precuneus during the period from 15 to 18 s (p = 0.004, df = 37) and 18 to 21 s (p = 0.002, df = 37). Using the Spearman correlation, we found a significant negative correlation between BOLD responses in the left PCC of the AUD patients and Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r = −0.619, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that HCs and severe AUD patients differ in their responses not to images of alcoholic beverages but those related to alcohol drinking behavior. Thus, these patients appear to have different patterns of brain activity. This information may aid clinicians in developing treatments for patients with AUD.

scholarly journals Hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of alcohol use disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0236641
Author(s):  
Kayle S. Sawyer ◽  
Noor Adra ◽  
Daniel M. Salz ◽  
Maaria I. Kemppainen ◽  
Susan M. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of

Relation of attachment style to family history of alcoholism and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Vungkhanching ◽  
Kenneth J Sher ◽  
Kristina M Jackson ◽  
Gilbert R Parra
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals History of Alcohol Use Disorders and Risk of Severe Cognitive Impairment: A 19-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kuźma ◽  
David J. Llewellyn ◽  
Kenneth M. Langa ◽  
Robert B. Wallace ◽  
Iain A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Severe Cognitive Impairment ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages among Nursing Students

Aquichan ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Tavares-Jomar ◽  
Enéas Dos Santos-Silva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

Objetivo: el consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes universitarios se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente en los últimosaños, por lo que este estudio fue desarrollado con el objetivo de identificar el consumo de esta sustancia entre los estudiantes de enfermería.Método: se trata de un estudio transversal desarrollado en una universidad privada en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, con 161estudiantes que respondieron a un cuestionario autoadministrado que contiene información sociodemográfica, preguntas seleccionadasdel Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test y otros aspectos relacionados con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. Resultados: alta proporción(67,7 %) de los estudiantes de enfermería entrevistados reportó ser consumidores de alcohol, y el 32,1 % de ellos estaban en laorgía de consumo estándar, y casi la mitad (45,9 %) de los consumidores están expuestos al riesgo de desarrollar problemas relacionadoscon el consumo de esta sustancia. Resultados: están preocupados por el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de los estudiantes de enfermeríaque participaron en este estudio, ya que son los futuros profesionales que inevitablemente actúan como educadores y motivadorespara la adopción de conductas saludables en la población. Conclusión: por lo tanto, se necesitan políticas y programas para prevenir elconsumo excesivo de alcohol en esta población.

scholarly journals Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Abstinent Men and Women with a History of Alcohol Use Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayle S. Sawyer ◽  
Noor Adra ◽  
Daniel M. Salz ◽  
Maaria I. Kemppainen ◽  
Susan M. Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with abnormalities in hippocampal volumes, but these relationships have not been fully explored with respect to sub-regional volumes, nor in association with individual characteristics such as gender differences, age, and memory. The present study examined the impact of those variables in relation to hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of AUD. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 Tesla, we obtained brain images from 67 participants (31 women) with AUD and 63 healthy control (NC) participants (30 women) without AUD. We used Freesurfer 6.0 to segment the hippocampus into 12 regions. These were imputed into mixed models to examine the relationships of brain volume with AUD group, gender, age, drinking history, and memory. The AUD group had approximately 5% smaller CA1, hippocampal tail, and molecular layer regions than the NC group. Age was negatively associated with volumes for the AUD group in the hippocampal tail, subiculum, and presubiculum. The relationships for delayed and immediate memory with hippocampal tail volume differed for AUD and NC groups: Higher scores were associated with smaller volumes in the AUD group, but larger volumes in the NC group. Length of sobriety was associated with decreasing CA1 volume in women (0.02% per year) and increasing volume size in men (0.03% per year). These findings confirm and extend evidence that AUD, gender, age, and abstinence differentially impact volumes of component parts of the hippocampus. The course of abstinence on CA1 volume differed for men and women, and the differential relationships of subregional volumes to age and memory could indicate a distinction in the impact of AUD on functions of the hippocampal tail.

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