scholarly journals Cell layer-specific expression of the B-class MADS-box gene PhDEF drives petal tube or limb development in petunia flowers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Chopy ◽  
Quentin Cavallini-Speisser ◽  
Pierre Chambrier ◽  
Patrice Morel ◽  
Jeremy Just ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Petunia X Hybrida ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Small Tube ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Floral homeotic MADS-box transcription factors ensure the correct development of floral organs with all their mature features, i.e. organ shape, size, colour and cellular identity. Furthermore, all plant organs develop from clonally-independent cell layers, deriving from the meristematic epidermal (L1) and internal (L2 and L3) layers. How cells from these distinct layers acquire their floral identities and coordinate their growth to ensure reproducible organ development is unclear. Here we study the development of the Petunia x hybrida (petunia) corolla, which consists of five fused petals forming a tube and pigmented limbs. We present petunia flowers expressing the B-class MADS-box gene PhDEF in the epidermis or in the mesophyll of the petal only, that we called wico and star respectively. Strikingly, the wico flowers form a very small tube while their limbs are almost normal, and the star flowers form a normal tube but very reduced and unpigmented limbs. Therefore, the star and wico phenotypes indicate that in the petunia petal, the epidermis mainly drives limb growth and pigmentation while the mesophyll mainly drives tube growth. As a first step towards the identification of candidate genes involved in specification of petal layer identities and tube/limb development, we sequenced the star and wico whole petal transcriptome at three developmental stages. Among downregulated genes in star petals, we found the major regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis ANTHOCYANIN 1 (AN1), and we showed that, in vitro, PhDEF directly binds to its terminator sequence, suggesting that it might regulate its expression. Altogether this study shows that layer-specific expression of PhDEF drives petunia tube or limb development in a highly modular fashion, which adds an extra layer of complexity to the petal development process.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of the N-myc gene in transfected cells and transgenic mice.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2096-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Zimmerman ◽  
E Legouy ◽  
V Stewart ◽  
R Depinho ◽  
F W Alt
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Endogenous Gene ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Myc Gene ◽  
Early Developmental

The N-myc gene is expressed specifically in the early developmental stages of numerous cell lineages. To assay for sequences that could potentially regulate N-myc expression, we transfected constructs that contained murine N-myc genomic sequences linked to a reporter gene and genomic clones that contained the complete human or murine N-myc genes into cell lines that either express or do not express the endogenous N-myc gene. Following either transient or stable transfection, the introduced N-myc sequences were expressed regardless of the expression status of the endogenous gene. In contrast, when the clones containing the complete human N-myc gene were introduced into the germline of transgenic mice, expression in some transgenic lines paralleled the tissue- and stage-specific expression of the endogenous murine gene. These findings demonstrate differences in the regulation of N-myc genes in recipient cells following in vitro versus in vivo introduction, suggesting that early developmental events may play a role in the regulation of N-myc expression.

PpAG1, a homolog of AGAMOUS, expressed in developing peach flowers and fruit

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Martin ◽  
Ming Hu ◽  
Hélène Labbé ◽  
Sylvia McHugh ◽  
Antonet Svircev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Mads Box Gene

MADS-box transcription factors are known to play a central role in floral organ identity and floral meristem determinacy in many gymnosperms and angiosperms. Studies of this nature are limited in fruit tree species despite the economic importance of this group. A peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) gene, PpAG1, was isolated and shown to be homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. MADS-box gene AGAMOUS (AG). It is a single gene in peach and codes for a type II or MIKC-type MADS-box protein. The features of the deduced protein sequence indicate that it is similar to other AG homologs from woody plant species. The spatial and developmental patterns of expression parallel those of AG and homologs from other angiosperms with similar floral structures but with some minor differences. In the floral meristem, where AG is responsible for conversion of the vegetative meristem into the floral meristem, the differentiation of the whorls that generate the carpels and stamens coincides with the tissue-specific expression of PpAG1. It continues to be expressed in the ovules, developing fruit and seeds that subsequently develop from the carpels. Constitutive overexpression of PpAG1 in Arabidopsis, using the 35S promoter, caused the homeotic conversion of sepals to carpelloid tissues and altered petal development. This is consistent with C-function genes according to the ABC model of flower development. The data support the conclusion that PpAG1 is the peach homolog of Arabidopsis AG.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in Anthocyanin Accumulation and Cellular Antioxidant Activities in Two Varieties of Grape Berries during Fruit Maturation under Different Climates

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Liuwei Qin ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Nan Xiang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Shouan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Quality Formation

As popularly consumed fruit berries, grapes are widely planted and processed into products, such as raisins and wine. In order to identify the influences of different climatic conditions on grape coloring and quality formation, we selected two common varieties of grape berries, ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Xin Yu’, for investigation. Grapes were separately grown in different climates, such as a temperate continental arid climate and a temperate continental desert climate, in Urumqi and Turpan, China, for five developmental stages. As measured, the average daily temperature and light intensity were lower in Urumqi. Urumqi grape berries had a lower brightness value (L*) and a higher red-green value (a*) when compared to Turpan’s. A RT-qPCR analysis revealed higher transcriptions of key genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in Urumqi grape berries, which was consistent with the more abundant phenolic substances, especially anthocyanins. The maximum antioxidant activity in vitro and cellular antioxidant activity of grape berries were also observed in Urumqi grape berries. These findings enclosed the influence of climate on anthocyanin accumulation and the antioxidant capacity of grapes, which might enlarge our knowledge on the quality formation of grape berries and might also be helpful for cultivating grapes with higher nutritional value.

scholarly journals The FRUITFULL MADS-box gene mediates cell differentiation during Arabidopsis fruit development

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Gu ◽  
C. Ferrandiz ◽  
M.F. Yanofsky ◽  
R. Martienssen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Enhancer Trap ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Hybridization Data ◽  
Enhancer Trap Line ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Fruit morphogenesis is a process unique to flowering plants, and yet little is known about its developmental control. Following fertilization, fruits typically undergo a dramatic enlargement that is accompanied by differentiation of numerous distinct cell types. We have identified a mutation in Arabidopsis called fruitfull (ful-1), which abolishes elongation of the silique after fertilization. The ful-1 mutation is caused by the insertion of a DsE transposable enhancer trap element into the 5′ untranslated leader of the AGL8 MADS-box gene. beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression in the enhancer trap line is observed specifically in all cell layers of the valve tissue, but not in the replum, the septum or the seeds, and faithfully mimics RNA in situ hybridization data reported previously. The lack of coordinated growth of the fruit tissues leads to crowded seeds, a failure of dehiscence and, frequently, the premature rupture of the carpel valves. The primary defect of ful-1 fruits is within the valves, whose cells fail to elongate and differentiate. Stomata, which are frequent along the epidermis of wild-type valves, are completely eliminated in the ful mutant valves. In addition to the effect on fruit development, ful cauline leaves are broader than those of wild type and show a reduction in the number of internal cell layers. These data suggest that AGL8/FUL regulates the transcription of genes required for cellular differentiation during fruit and leaf development.

scholarly journals FRUITFULL-like genes regulate flowering time and inflorescence architecture in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Jiang ◽  
Greice Lubini ◽  
José Hernandes-Lopes ◽  
Kim Rijnsburger ◽  
Vera Veltkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Inflorescence Meristem ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Inflorescence Architecture ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Transition To Flowering

ABSTRACTThe timing of flowering and inflorescence architecture are critical for the reproductive success of tomato, but the gene regulatory networks underlying these traits are still hardly explored. Here we show that the tomato FRUITFULL-like (FUL-like) genes FUL2 and MADS-BOX PROTEIN 20 (MBP20) induce flowering and repress inflorescence branching. FUL1 fulfils a less prominent role and appears to depend on FUL2 and MBP20 for its upregulation in the inflorescence meristem. Our results demonstrate that MBP10, the fourth tomato FUL-like gene, has probably lost its function. The tomato FUL-like proteins cannot homodimerize, but heterodimerize with JOINTLESS (J), SlMBP21 (J2), ENHANCER OF JOINTLESS (EJ2/MADS1) and the SOC1-homolog TOMATO MADS-box gene 3 (TM3), which are co-expressed during inflorescence meristem maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed various interesting downstream targets, including five repressors of cytokinin signaling, which are all upregulated during the vegetative-to-reproductive transition in ful1/ful2/mbp10/mbp20 mutants. FUL2 and MBP20 can also bind in vitro to the upstream regions of these genes, thereby probably directly stimulating cell division in the meristem upon the transition to flowering. Our research reveals that the four tomato FUL-like genes have diverged functions, but together regulate the important developmental processes flowering time, inflorescence architecture and fruit development.

Evolutionary Diversity of Symbiotically Induced Nodule MADS Box Genes: Characterization of nmhC5, a Member of a Novel Subfamily

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Heard ◽  
Michal Caspi ◽  
Kathleen Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodules ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Dna Binding Assay

Unique organs called nodules form on legume roots in response to intracellular infection by soil bacteria in the genus Rhizobium. This study describes a new MADS box gene, nmhC5, which along with nmh7 (J. Heard and K. Dunn, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5273-5277, 1995), is expressed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) root nodules. Together, these genes represent the first putative transcription factors identified in nodules. Expression in a root-derived structure supports the growing sentiment that MADS box proteins have diverse roles in plant development. Comparison of the putative translation product of nmhC5 with those of other reported members of the MADS box family suggests that the overall structure of nmhC5 is conserved. Evolutionary analysis among the MADS box family showed that nmhC5 is orthologous to a root-expressed clone in Arabidopsis thaliana, agl17, and that nmh7 is similar to the floral subfamily with AP3 (DefA)/PI (Glo). Consistent with a prediction of homodimer formation, NMHC5 was shown to bind a CArG consensus sequence in vitro. In contrast, NMH7, which shows structural similarity to MADS box proteins that form heterodimers, did not bind the CArG element in an in vitro DNA-binding assay, suggesting the existence of an unknown dimer partner. The root-derived MADS box genes constitute a novel subfamily of vegetatively expressed MADS box genes. The evolutionary diversity between nmh7 and nmhC5 could represent an overall mechanistic conservation between plant developmental processes or could mean that nmh7 and nmhC5 make fundamentally different contributions to the development of the nodule.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MIKC-Type MADS-Box Gene Family in Punica granatum L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Yujie Zhao ◽  
Honglian Zhao ◽  
Yuying Wang ◽  
Xinhui Zhang ◽  
Xueqing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Flower Meristem ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Development Network

MADS-box is a critical transcription factor regulating the development of floral organs and plays essential roles in the growth and development of floral transformation, flower meristem determination, the development of male and female gametophytes, and fruit development. In this study, 36 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified in the ‘Taishanhong’ pomegranate genome. By utilizing phylogenetic analysis, 36 genes were divided into 14 subfamilies. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gene structure, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and the protein interaction networks of the MIKC-type MADS-box family members in pomegranate, and their expressions pattern in different tissues of pomegranate were analyzed. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the E-class genes (PgMADS03, PgMADS21, and PgMADS27) were highly expressed in floral tissues, while PgMADS29 was not expressed in all tissues, indicating that the functions of the E-class genes were differentiated. PgMADS15 of the C/D-class was the key gene in the development network of pomegranate flower organs, suggesting that PgMADS15 might play an essential role in the peel and inner seed coat development of pomegranate. The results in this study will provide a reference for the classification, cloning, and functional research of pomegranate MADS-box genes.

BPMADS4 - A MADS BOX GENE OF BIRCH INDUCES FLOWERS ON TRANSGENIC APPLE PLANTS IN VITRO

2007 ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Flachowsky ◽  
M.V. Hanke ◽  
A. Elo ◽  
T. Sopanen
Keyword(s):  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Transgenic Apple

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of The MADS-Box Gene Family and Its Expression in The Various Developmental Stage and Stress Conditions in Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dili Lai ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Ailing He ◽  
Guoxing Xue ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Mads Box Gene

Abstract Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is rich in nutrients and extremely beneficial to human health. We identified and comprehensively analyzed 89 MADS-box genes in the foxtail millet genome. According to the classification of MADS-box genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, the SiMADS-box genes were divided into M-type (37) and MIKC-type (52). During evolution, the differentiation of MIKC-type MADS-box genes occurred before that of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The SiMADS-box gene structure has undergone much differentiation, and the number of exons in the MIKC-type subfamily is much greater than that in the M-type subfamily. Analysis of gene duplication events revealed that MIKC-type MADS-box gene fragment duplication accounted for the vast majority of gene duplication events, and MIKC-type MADS-box genes played a major role in the amplification of SiMADS-box genes. Collinearity analysis showed highest collinearity between foxtail millet and maize MADS-box genes. Analysis of tissue-specific expression showed that SiMADS-box genes are highly expressed throughout the grain-filling process. Expression analysis of SiMADS-box genes under eight different abiotic stresses revealed many stress-tolerant genes, with induced expression of SiMADS33 and SiMADS78 under various stresses warranting further attention. Further, some SiMADS-box proteins may interact to cope with external stress. This study provides insights for MADS-box gene mining and molecular breeding of foxtail millet in the future.

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