scholarly journals Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody infusion sites at three medical centers in the United States: Strengths and challenges assessment to inform COVID-19 pandemic and future public health emergency use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia S Lambrou ◽  
John T Redd ◽  
Miles A Stewart ◽  
Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett ◽  
Jonathan K Thornhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical System ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Infusion Site ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The U.S

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caught the globe unprepared without targeted medical countermeasures, such as therapeutics, to target the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, in recent months multiple monoclonal antibody therapeutics to treat COVID-19 have been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Despite these authorizations and promising clinical trial efficacy results, monoclonal antibody therapies are currently underutilized as a treatment for COVID-19 across the U.S. Many barriers exist when deploying a new infused therapeutic during an ongoing pandemic with limited resources and staffing, and it is critical to better understand the process and site requirements of incorporating monoclonal antibody infusions into pandemic response activities. Methods: We examined the monoclonal antibody infusion site process components, resources, and requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic using data from three initial infusion sites at medical centers in the U.S. supported by the National Disaster Medical System. A descriptive analysis was conducted using process assessment metrics to inform recommendations to strengthen monoclonal antibody infusion site implementation. Results: The monoclonal antibody infusion sites varied in physical environment and staffing models due to state polices, infection control mechanisms, and underlying medical system structure, but exhibited a common process workflow. Sites operationalized an infusion process staffing model with at least two nurses per ten infusion patients. Monoclonal antibody implementation success factors included tailoring the infusion process to the patient community, strong engagement with local medical providers, batch preparing the therapy before patient arrival, placing the infusion center in proximity to emergency services, and creating procedures resilient to EUA changes. Infusion process challenges stemmed from confirming patient SARS-CoV-2 positivity, strained staff, scheduling needs, and coordination with the pharmacy for therapy preparation. Conclusions: Infusion site processes are most effective when integrated into the pre-existing pandemic response ecosystems and can be implemented with limited staff and physical resources. As the pandemic and policy tools such as EUAs evolve, monoclonal antibody infusion processes must also remain adaptable, as practice changes directly affect resources, staffing, timing, and workflows. Future use may be aided by incorporating innovative emergency deployment techniques, such as vehicle and home-based therapy administration, and by developing drug delivery mechanisms that alleviate the need for observed intravenous infusions by medically-accredited staff.

scholarly journals Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody infusion sites at three medical centers in the United States: Strengths and challenges assessment to inform COVID-19 pandemic and future public health emergency use

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Lambrou ◽  
John T. Redd ◽  
Miles A. Stewart ◽  
Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett ◽  
Jonathan K. Thornhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Disaster ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Monoclonal antibody therapeutics to treat COVID-19 have been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Many barriers exist when deploying a novel therapeutic during an ongoing pandemic, and it is critical to assess the needs of incorporating monoclonal antibody infusions into pandemic response activities. We examined the monoclonal antibody infusion site process during the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted a descriptive analysis using data from three sites at medical centers in the U.S. supported by the National Disaster Medical System. Monoclonal antibody implementation success factors included engagement with local medical providers, therapy batch preparation, placing the infusion center in proximity to emergency services, and creating procedures resilient to EUA changes. Infusion process challenges included confirming patient SARS-CoV-2 positivity, strained staff, scheduling, and pharmacy coordination. Infusion sites are effective when integrated into pre-existing pandemic response ecosystems and can be implemented with limited staff and physical resources.

scholarly journals Planetarium commute accessibility in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Kaurov ◽  
Vyacheslav Bazhenov ◽  
Mark SubbaRao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
The U.S

The COVID-19 global pandemic unprecedently disturbed the education system in the United States and lead to the closure of all planetariums that were providing immersive science communication. This situation motivates us to examine how accessible the planetarium facilities were before the pandemic. We investigate the most important socioeconomic and geographical factors that affect the planetarium accessibility using the U.S. Census Bureau data and the commute time to the nearest planetarium for each ZIP Code Tabulated Area. We show the magnitude of the effect of permanent closure of a fraction of planetariums. Our study can be informative for strategizing the pandemic response.

scholarly journals Substantial underestimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States due to incomplete testing and imperfect test accuracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean L Wu ◽  
Andrew Mertens ◽  
Yoshika S Crider ◽  
Anna Nguyen ◽  
Nolan N Pokpongkiat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Total Burden ◽  
Response Current ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Imperfect Test

Accurate estimates of the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection are critical to informing pandemic response. Current confirmed COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. do not capture the total burden of the pandemic because testing has been primarily restricted to individuals with moderate to severe symptoms due to limited test availability. Using a semi-Bayesian probabilistic bias analysis to account for incomplete testing and imperfect diagnostic accuracy, we estimated 6,275,072 cumulative infections compared to 721,245 confirmed cases (1.9% vs. 0.2% of the population) as of April 18, 2020. Accounting for uncertainty, the number of infections was 3 to 20 times higher than the number of confirmed cases. 86% (simulation interval: 64-99%) of this difference was due to incomplete testing, while 14% (0.3-36%) was due to imperfect test accuracy. Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections that transparently account for testing practices and diagnostic accuracy reveal that the pandemic is larger than confirmed case counts suggest.

scholarly journals The amplified second outbreaks of global COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Xiaoyue Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Kehu Yang ◽  
Yaolong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scenario Projections ◽  
The U.S

COVID-19 is now in an epidemic phase, with a second outbreak likely to appear at any time. The intensity and timing of a second outbreak is a common concern worldwide. In this study, we made scenario projections of the potential second outbreak of COVID-19 using a statistical-epidemiology model, which considers both the impact of seasonal changes in meteorological elements and human social behaviors such as protests and city unblocking. Recent street protests in the United States and other countries are identified as a hidden trigger and amplifier of the second outbreak. The scale and intensity of subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks in the U.S. cities where the epidemic is under initial control are projected to be much greater than those of the first outbreak. For countries without reported protests, lifting the COVID-19 related restrictions prematurely would accelerate the spread of the disease and place mounting pressure on the local medical system that is already overloaded. We anticipate these projections will support public health planning and policymaking by governments and international organizations.

Characteristics and Key Success Factors in Family Business: The Case of Korean Immigrant Businesses in Metro-Atlanta

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ho Nam ◽  
James I. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Korean Immigrant ◽  
Key Success Factors ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The U.S

Immigrant businesses in the United States are a vibrant and growing part of the economy, and their similarities and differences to other family businesses in the U.S. are worthy of investigation.This paper examines two elements of Korean immigrant businesses in Metro-Atlanta: characteristics (ethnic business, general family business, ownership and succession planning, strategic planning, and conflict and communication) and key success factors. There were 93 respondents in this exploratory study. This paper discusses the results and implications of the study.

scholarly journals Emergence and Evolution of a Prevalent New SARS-CoV-2 Variant in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Pater ◽  
Michael S. Bosmeny ◽  
Christopher L. Barkau ◽  
Katy N. Ovington ◽  
Ramadevi Chilamkurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
The U.S ◽  
New Mutations

AbstractGenomic surveillance can lead to early identification of novel viral variants and inform pandemic response. Using this approach, we identified a new variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in the United States (U.S.). The earliest sequenced genomes of this variant, referred to as 20C-US, can be traced to Texas in late May of 2020. This variant circulated in the U.S. uncharacterized for months and rose to recent prevalence during the third pandemic wave. It initially acquired five novel, relatively unique non-synonymous mutations. 20C-US is continuing to acquire multiple new mutations, including three independently occurring spike protein mutations. Monitoring the ongoing evolution of 20C-US, as well as other novel emerging variants, will be essential for understanding SARS-CoV-2 host adaptation and predicting pandemic outcomes.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

Horror and Death: Rethinking Coco's Border Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Orquidea Morales
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Walt Disney Company ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Walt Disney ◽  
Day Of The Dead ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Border Politics ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The U.S

In 2013, the Walt Disney Company submitted an application to trademark “Día de los muertos” (Day of the Dead) as they prepared to launch a holiday themed movie. Almost immediately after this became public Disney faced such strong criticism and backlash they withdrew their petition. By October of 2017 Disney/Pixar released the animated film Coco. Audiences in Mexico and the U.S. praised it's accurate and authentic representation of the celebration of Day of the Dead. In this essay, I argue that despite its generic framing, Coco mobilizes many elements of horror in its account of Miguel's trespassing into the forbidden space of the dead and his transformation into a liminal figure, both dead and alive. Specifically, with its horror so deftly deployed through tropes and images of borders, whether between life and death or the United States and Mexico, Coco falls within a new genre, the border horror film.

Palestine Unbound

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
The U.S

This section, updated regularly on the blog Palestine Square, covers popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict during the quarter 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018: #JerusalemIstheCapitalofPalestine went viral after U.S. president Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announced his intention to move the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv. The arrest of Palestinian teenager Ahed Tamimi for slapping an Israeli soldier also prompted a viral campaign under the hashtag #FreeAhed. A smaller campaign protested the exclusion of Palestinian human rights from the agenda of the annual Creating Change conference organized by the US-based National LGBTQ Task Force in Washington. And, UNRWA publicized its emergency funding appeal, following the decision of the United States to slash funding to the organization, with the hashtag #DignityIsPriceless.

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