scholarly journals Evidence for a vocal signature in the rat and its reinforcing effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandre Vielle ◽  
Christian Montanari ◽  
Yann Pelloux ◽  
Christelle BAUNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Vocal Signature ◽  
Reinforcing Effects

While the term 'language' is used for human and non-human primates, 'vocal communication' is rather used for rodents or other species. The main difference is that there is, to date, no evidence for a vocal signature in the well-known 50- and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) emitted by rats. Here, we show that rats can recognize the identity of the USV emitter since they self-administer preferentially playback of 50-kHz USV emitted by a stranger rat over those emitted by their cage-mate. In a second experiment, we show that the familiarity with the USV emitter also modulate the effect of USV playback during cocaine self-administration, since only stranger, but not familiar, 50-kHz USV decrease drug intake. Finally, to study the neurobiological substrate of those processes, we have tested the effects of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) lesion on these various conditions. STN-lesioned rats did not lever press much for any USV playback, whatever their emotional valence, nor did they seem able to differentiate familiar from stranger peer. Advocating for the existence of a vocal signature in rats, these results highlight the importance of ultrasonic communication in socio-affective influence of behavior, such as the influence of proximal social factors on drug consumption and confirm the role of the subthalamic nucleus on this influence.

scholarly journals Evidence for a vocal signature in the rat and its reinforcing effects: a key role for the subthalamic nucleus

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandre Vielle ◽  
Christian Montanari ◽  
Yann Pelloux ◽  
Christelle Baunez
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Vocal Signature ◽  
Reinforcing Effects

Although rodents have a well-structured vocal form of communication, like humans and non-human primates, there is, to date, no evidence for a vocal signature in the well-known 50- and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by rats. Here, we show that rats can recognize the identity of the USV emitter since they choose to preferentially self-administer playback of 50-kHz USVs emitted by a stranger rat over those of their cagemate. In a second experiment, we show that only stranger, but not familiar, 50-kHz USVs reduce cocaine self-administration. Finally, to study the neurobiological substrate of these processes, we have shown that subthalamic nucleus (STN)-lesioned rats did not lever press much for any USV playback, whatever their emotional valence, nor did they seem able to differentiate familiar from stranger peer. Advocating for the existence of a vocal signature in rats, these results highlight the importance of ultrasonic communication in the socio-affective influence of behaviour, such as the influence of proximal social factors on drug consumption and confirm the role of the STN on this influence.

scholarly journals Role of hypocretin/orexin receptor blockade on drug-taking and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) associated with low-effort self-administration of cathinone-derived 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (21) ◽  
pp. 3207-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Simmons ◽  
Rose Martorana ◽  
Helene Philogene-Khalid ◽  
Fionya H. Tran ◽  
Taylor A. Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Self Administration

scholarly journals Central orexin (hypocretin) 2 receptor antagonism reduces ethanol self-administration, but not cue-conditioned ethanol-seeking, in ethanol-preferring rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 2067-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Mary Brown ◽  
Shaun Yon-Seng Khoo ◽  
Andrew John Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Guide Cannulae ◽  
Hypothalamic Neuropeptides ◽  
Reinforcing Effects ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides which bind to two G-protein-coupled receptors, orexin-1 (OX1R) and orexin-2 (OX2R) receptor. While a role for OX1R has been established in both ethanol reinforcement and ethanol-seeking behaviour, the role of OX2R in these behaviours is relatively less-studied. The aim of this study was to determine the role of central OX2R in ethanol-taking and ethanol-seeking behaviour. Indiana ethanol-preferring rats were trained to self-administer ethanol (10% w/v) or sucrose (0.7–1% w/v) in the presence of reward-associated cues before being implanted with indwelling guide cannulae. The selective OX2R antagonist TCS-OX2-29 was administered i.c.v. to assess its effect on operant self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement following extinction. Following i.c.v. injection TCS-OX2-29 reduced self-administration of ethanol, but not sucrose. Despite reducing ethanol self-administration, TCS-OX2-29 had no impact on cue-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking. To determine where in the brain OX2R were acting to modulate ethanol self-administration, TCS-OX2-29 was microinjected into either the shell or core of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Intra-NAc core, but not shell, infusions of TCS-OX2-29 decreased responding for ethanol. Importantly, the doses of TCS-OX2-029 used were non-sedating. Collectively, these findings implicate OX2R in the NAc in mediating the reinforcing effects of ethanol. This effect appears to be drug-specific as antagonism of central OX2R had no impact on sucrose self-administration. Thus, OX2R in addition to OX1R may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ethanol-use disorders. However, unlike OX1R, no impact of OX2R antagonism was observed on cue-induced reinstatement, suggesting a more prominent role for OX2R in ethanol self-administration compared to cue-conditioned ethanol-seeking.

Collection of Ego-Centered Network Data with Computer-Assisted Interviews

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gerich ◽  
Roland Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Full Network

Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.

scholarly journals Invasion landscapes as social‐ecological systems: Role of social factors in invasive plant species control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Yletyinen ◽  
George L. W. Perry ◽  
Olivia R. Burge ◽  
Norman W. H. Mason ◽  
Philip Stahlmann‐Brown
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological

Ultrasonic vocalizations of rats (Rattus norvegicus) during mating, play, and aggression: Behavioral concomitants, relationship to reward, and self-administration of playback..

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Burgdorf ◽  
Roger A. Kroes ◽  
Joseph R. Moskal ◽  
James G. Pfaus ◽  
Stefan M. Brudzynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Self Administration

scholarly journals Reopening Selves: Phenomenological Considerations on Psychiatric Spaces and the Therapeutic Stance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samuel Thoma ◽  
Isabelle Schwänzl ◽  
Laura Galbusera
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Social World ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Coercive Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions ◽  
The Individual

Classical and contemporary phenomenological approaches in psychiatry describe schizophrenia as a disorder of common sense and self-affection. Although taking into account intersubjectivity, this conceptualization still puts forward an individualistic view of the disorder, that is, the intersubjective deficit resides within the person. To overcome such individualism, in this article, we first propose that schizophrenic experience might be understood as arising from a dialectic relation between the self’s loss of openness to the world and the world’s loss of openness to the self. To show the relevance of social factors at the onset of schizophrenic experience, we propose a phenomenological analysis of trigger situations. In the second and main part of this article, we then focus on the implications of these phenomenological insights for the clinical practice: we argue that if schizophrenia is understood as a loss of openness between self and social world, psychiatric institutions should be transformed into spaces that enable a reopening of selves. We first describe <i>enclosing</i> phenomena such as coercive treatment to then, in contrast, present particular forms of <i>open psychiatric spaces</i> such as open door approaches and open dialogue. Besides the institutional-structural level, we also highlight aspects of openness at the intersubjective level of the individual agents, thus particularly emphasizing the role of an open therapeutic stance. We thus speak of (re)opening <i>selves</i> as we believe that the reopening of the patients’ self cannot but be related to and fostered by a reopening of the professionals’ self and stance. We thus argue that openness in the therapeutic stance is key to initiating the further process of recovery, which we describe as a reattunement of selves both at the bodily and narrative level. Last but not least, we sketch out possibilities for future phenomenological research on the question of psychiatric space and draw some broader societal implications.

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