scholarly journals Mild cognitive impairment is not a valid concept and should be replaced by a more restrictive, biologically validated class, named Mild Cognitive Dysfunctions (MCD): a nomothetic network approach.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maes ◽  
Sookjaroen Tangwongchai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Behavioural Deterioration

Background: No studies have examined whether interactions between the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele and peripheral biomarkers, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact the neurocognitive, behavioral and social dysfunctions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Aims: To clinically define and biologically validate a subgroup of aMCI subjects that take up an intermediate position between controls and AD patients. Methods: In 61 healthy controls, 60 subjects with aMCI, and 60 AD patients we measured the features of aMCI/AD using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer s Disease (CERAD). A composite BIORISK score was computed using the ApoE4 allele, serum folate, albumin, white blood cells, fasting blood glucose (FBG), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), T2DM and hypertension. Results: Clustering and nearest neighbour analyses were unable to validate the aMCI subgroup. We constructed two z unit-based composite scores, the first indicating overall burden of cognitive, social, and behavioural deterioration (OBD), and a second reflecting the interactions between ApoE4, all other biomarkers, hypertension and T2DM (BIORISK). We found that 40.2 % of the variance in the OBD score was explained by BIORISK, ApoE4, age and education. The OBD index was used to construct three subgroups (normal, medium, and high OBD) with the medium group (n=45) showing mild cognitive dysfunctions (MCD) in memory, language, orientation, and ADL. People with MCD show OBD and BIORISK scores that are significantly different from controls and AD. Conclusions: Petersen s aMCI criteria cannot be validated and should be replaced by the more restrictive, biologically validated MCD class.

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment is not a Valid Concept and Should be Replaced by a More Restrictive, Biologically Validated Class, Named Mild Cognitive Dysfunctions (MCD): A Nomothetic Network Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maes ◽  
Sookjaroen Tangwongchai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Behavioural Deterioration

Background: No studies have examined whether interactions between the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele and peripheral biomarkers, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact the neurocognitive, behavioral and social dysfunctions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Aims: To clinically define and biologically validate a subgroup of aMCI subjects that take up an intermediate position between controls and AD patients. Methods: In 61 healthy controls, 60 subjects with aMCI, and 60 AD patients we measured the features of aMCI/AD using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). A composite BIORISK score was computed using the ApoE4 allele, serum folate, albumin, white blood cells, fasting blood glucose (FBG), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), T2DM and hypertension. Results: Clustering and nearest neighbour analyses were unable to validate the aMCI subgroup. We constructed two z unit-based composite scores, the first indicating overall burden of cognitive, social, and behavioural deterioration (OBD), and a second reflecting the interactions between ApoE4, all other biomarkers, hypertension and T2DM (BIORISK). We found that 40.2% of the variance in the OBD score was explained by BIORISK, ApoE4, age and education. The OBD index was used to construct three subgroups (normal, medium, and high OBD) with the medium group (n=45) showing mild cognitive dysfunctions (MCD) in memory, language, orientation, and ADL. People with MCD show OBD and BIORISK scores that are significantly different from controls and AD.Conclusions: Petersen’s aMCI criteria cannot be validated and should be replaced by the more restrictive, biologically validated MCD class.

scholarly journals Elevated Fasting Plasma Glucose Is Associated With an Increased Risk of MCI: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Ling Yue ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Shifu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between normal elderly people and dementia, with a higher risk of dementia transition. The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate whether routine blood and blood biochemical markers could be used to predict the onset of MCI.MethodsData was obtained from the cohort study on brain health of the elderly in Shanghai. A total of 1015 community elders were included in the current study. Based on clinical evaluation and the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), these participants were divided into the MCI (n=444) and cognitively normal groups (n=571). Then we tested their fasting blood routine and blood biochemical indexes, and collected their general demographic data by using a standard questionnaire.ResultsBy using binary logistic regression analysis and the ROC curve, we found that elevated fasting plasma glucose (p=0.025, OR=1.118, OR=1.014-1.233) was a risk factor for MCI.ConclusionsElevated fasting blood glucose may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment, but the above conclusions need to be verified by longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Intermittent Fasting Enhanced the Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Inducing Biochemical and Metabolic changes: A 3-Year Progressive Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng Choon Ooi ◽  
Asheila Meramat ◽  
Nor Fadilah Rajab ◽  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to various dietary regimens that cycle between a period of non-fasting and a period of total fasting. This study aimed to determine the effects of IF on cognitive function among elderly individuals who practice IF who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 99 elderly subjects with MCI of Malay ethnicity without any terminal illness were recruited from a larger cohort study, LRGS TUA. The subjects were divided into three groups, comprising those who were regularly practicing IF (r-IF), irregularly practicing IF (i-IF), and non-fasters (n-IF). Upon 36 months of follow-up, more MCI subjects in the r-IF group reverted to successful aging with no cognitive impairment and diseases (24.3%) compared to those in i-IF (14.2%) and n-IF groups (3.7%). The r-IF group’s subjects exhibited significant increment in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduction in body weight, levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and DNA damage. Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed that IF may modulate cognitive function via various metabolite pathways, including the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, butanoate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Overall, the MCI-afflicted older adults who practiced IF regularly had better cognitive scores and reverted to better cognitive function at 36 months follow-up.

scholarly journals Decreased Levels of Serum IL-34 Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Wenjing Ning ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lingxing Li
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demographic Features

Objective. Interleukin- (IL-) 34 is a new type of cytokine with neuroprotective effects discovered in recent years. However, the relationship between IL-34 and vascular dementia (VaD) has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to determine whether IL-34 is involved in cognitive impairment of VaD. Methods. From January 2017 to December 2020, 84 VaD patients and 60 healthy controls who attended Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital were prospectively included in the study. Once included in the study, demographic features of all research subjects are collected. They include age, gender, education, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). Meanwhile, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to assess the cognitive function of participants. The serum IL-34 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. There was no significant difference between the demographic features of VaD patients and healthy controls ( p > 0.05 ). However, the serum IL-34 levels of VaD patients and healthy controls are 27.6 ± 3.9   pg / ml and 41.8 ± 6.0   pg / ml , respectively, and there is a significant statistical difference between them ( p < 0.001 ). The results of bivariate correlation analysis showed that serum IL-34 levels were significantly positively correlated with MoCA scores ( r = 0.371 , p = 0.023 ). Further regression analysis showed that IL-34 was still correlated with MoCA after adjusting for demographic features ( β = 0.276 , p = 0038 ). Conclusions. Serum IL-34 levels in VaD patients were significantly reduced, which may be an independent predictor of cognitive impairment in VaD patients.

scholarly journals Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Coupled with the Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype are Strongly Associated with Semantic and Episodic Memory Impairments in Elderly Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitiporn Supasitthumrong ◽  
Chavit Tunvirachaisakul ◽  
Daruj Aniwattanapong ◽  
Sookjaroen Tangwongchai ◽  
Phenphichcha Chuchuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
Apoe4 Allele

Background: The Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype is strongly associated with Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD), although the presence of the ApoE4 allele alone is not sufficient to explain AD. The pathophysiology of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) remains unclear. This study aims to examine associations between peripheral blood biomarkers coupled with ApoE4 and episodic and semantic memory.&nbsp;Methods: The CERAD battery was completed and various biomarkers were assayed in 60 subjects with aMCI, 60 with AD and 62 healthy controls.&nbsp;Results: Deficits in semantic and episodic memory were significantly predicted by anion gap and bicarbonate, albumin and glucose coupled with Apo E4. Furthermore, these peripheral biomarkers interacted with ApoE to predict greater memory impairments.&nbsp;Conclusions: Peripheral blood biomarkers may interact with pathways related to ApoE4 to predict greater semantic and episodic memory impairments, thus contributing to the pathophysiology of aMCI and AD. Our data suggest that the transition from aMCI to AD could at least in some cases be associated with significant interactions between ApoE4 and those peripheral blood biomarkers.

P4-340: Comparison of cognitive dysfunctions between mild cognitive impairment with and without Parkinson's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S_Part_21) ◽  
pp. S777-S778
Author(s):  
Eun Seon Park ◽  
Seong Min Choi ◽  
Byeong Chae Kim ◽  
Hyun Jung Jung ◽  
Se Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions

Toward Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hispanic and African American Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Valarie B. Fleming ◽  
Joyce L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Education Management ◽  
African American Adults

Across the breadth of acquired neurogenic communication disorders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may go undetected, underreported, and untreated. In addition to stigma and distrust of healthcare systems, other barriers contribute to decreased identification, healthcare access, and service utilization for Hispanic and African American adults with MCI. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have significant roles in prevention, education, management, and support of older adults, the population must susceptible to MCI.

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