scholarly journals Mathematical and Statistical models as tools for the control of mosquito-borne diseases: The experience of Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Sanchez ◽  
Luis A Barboza ◽  
Paola Vásquez ◽  
Yury E García ◽  
Juan G Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Statistical Tools

The modeling of infectious diseases provides valuable input in the development of mitigating strategiesand implementation of public health interventions. We highlight results and current research conductedin Costa Rica using mathematical and statistical tools to develop optimal strategies for mosquito controland mosquito-borne disease prevention/control methods in the country.

The Economics of Infectious Diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hauck
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Economics can make immensely valuable contributions to our understanding of infectious disease transmission and the design of effective policy responses. The one unique characteristic of infectious diseases makes it also particularly complicated to analyze: the fact that it is transmitted from person to person. It explains why individuals’ behavior and externalities are a central topic for the economics of infectious diseases. Many public health interventions are built on the assumption that individuals are altruistic and consider the benefits and costs of their actions to others. This would imply that even infected individuals demand prevention, which stands in conflict with the economic theory of rational behavior. Empirical evidence is conflicting for infected individuals. For healthy individuals, evidence suggests that the demand for prevention is affected by real or perceived risk of infection. However, studies are plagued by underreporting of preventive behavior and non-random selection into testing. Some empirical studies have shown that the impact of prevention interventions could be far greater than one case prevented, resulting in significant externalities. Therefore, economic evaluations need to build on dynamic transmission models in order to correctly estimate these externalities. Future research needs are significant. Economic research needs to improve our understanding of the role of human behavior in disease transmission; support the better integration of economic and epidemiological modeling, evaluation of large-scale public health interventions with quasi-experimental methods, design of optimal subsidies for tackling the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, refocusing the research agenda toward underresearched diseases; and most importantly to assure that progress translates into saved lives on the ground by advising on effective health system strengthening.

scholarly journals Exposome-based public health interventions for infectious diseases in urban settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 106246
Author(s):  
Xanthi D. Andrianou ◽  
Anjoeka Pronk ◽  
Karen S. Galea ◽  
Rob Stierum ◽  
Miranda Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Urban Settings

scholarly journals A general approach to compensation for losses incurred due to public health interventions in the infectious disease context

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (S1) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Søren Holm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Current Compensation ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms

AbstractThis paper develops a general approach to how society should compensate for losses that individuals incur due to public health interventions aimed at controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The paper falls in three parts. The first part provides an initial introduction to the issues and briefly outlines five different kinds of public health interventions that will be used as test cases. They are all directed at individuals and aimed at controlling the spread of infectious diseases (1) isolation, (2) quarantine, (3) recommended voluntary social distancing, (4) changes in health care provision for asymptomatic carriers of multi-resistant microorganisms, and (5) vaccination. The interventions will be briefly described including the various risks, burdens and harms individuals who are subject to these interventions may incur. The second part briefly surveys current compensation mechanisms as far as any exist and argue that even where they exist they are clearly insufficient and do not provide adequate compensation. The third part will then develop a general framework for compensation for losses incurred due to public health interventions in the infectious disease context. This is the major analytical and constructive part of the paper. It first analyses pragmatic and ethical arguments supporting the existence of an obligation on the part of the state to compensate for such losses, and then considers whether this obligation can be defeated by (1) resource considerations, or (2) issues relating to personal responsibility.

scholarly journals Path of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years: an ongoing challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseu Alves Waldman ◽  
Ana Paula Sayuri Sato
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Great Development

ABSTRACT In this article, we comment on the main features of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years, highlighting how much of this path Revista de Saúde Pública could portray. From 1967 to 2016, 1,335 articles focusing on infectious diseases were published in Revista de Saúde Pública. Although the proportion of articles on the topic have decreased from about 50.0% to 15.0%, its notability remained and reflected the growing complexity of the research required for its control. It is noteworthy that studies design and analysis strategies progressively became more sophisticated, following the great development of epidemiology in Brazil in the recent decades. Thus, the journal has followed the success of public health interventions that permitted to control or eliminate numerous infectious diseases – which were responsible, in the past, for high rates of morbidity and mortality –, and also followed the reemergence of diseases already controlled and the emergence of until then unknown diseases, with a strong impact on the Brazilian population, establishing a little predictable and very challenging path.

A Community-Health Approach for Infection Control in Day-Care Centers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1027
Author(s):  
Julio C. Soto ◽  
Micheline Guy ◽  
Doris Deshaies ◽  
Louise Durand ◽  
Jean Gratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Day Care Centers

The incidence of infectious diseases can be significantly reduced in day-care centers through health education and public health interventions. Active participation of a center's staff and children are the key element of the success.

scholarly journals A Tool for Rating Chronic Disease Prevention and Public Health Interventions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Kelly ◽  
Darcell Scharff ◽  
Jessi LaRose ◽  
Nikole Lobb Dougherty ◽  
Amy Stringer Hessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Chronic Disease Prevention ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions

scholarly journals Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): protocol for an umbrella review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e032981
Author(s):  
Elodie Besnier ◽  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Donata Stonkute ◽  
Talal Mohammad ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionDespite significant progress in the last few decades, infectious diseases remain a significant threat to children’s health in low-income and middle-income countries. Effective means of prevention and control for these diseases exist, making any differences in the burden of these diseases between population groups or countries inequitable. Yet, gaps remain in our knowledge of the effect these public health interventions have on health inequalities in children, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This umbrella review aims to address some of these gaps by exploring which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases among children in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisAn umbrella review will be conducted to identify systematic reviews or evidence synthesis of public health interventions that reduce morbidity, mortality and/or health inequalities due to infectious diseases among children (aged under 5 years) in low-income and middle-income countries. The interventions of interest are public health interventions targeting infectious diseases or associated risk factors in children. We will search for reviews reporting health and health inequalities outcomes in and between populations. The literature search will be undertaken using the Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, the CAB Global Health database, Health Evidence, the Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation Systematic review repository, Scopus, the Social Sciences Citation Index and PROSPERO. Additionally, a manual search will be performed in Google Scholar and three international organisations websites (UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, UNICEF, WHO) to capture grey literature. Data from the records meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria will be collated using a narrative synthesis approach.Ethics and disseminationThis review will exclusively work with anonymous group-level information available from published reviews. No ethical approval was required.The results of the review will be submitted for publication in academic journals and presented at international public health conferences. Additionally, key findings will be summarised for dissemination to a wider policy and general public audience as part of the Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research’s policy work.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019141673

scholarly journals Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): An umbrella review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251905
Author(s):  
Elodie Besnier ◽  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Donata Stonkute ◽  
Talal Mohammad ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups

Despite significant progress in the last few decades, infectious diseases remain a major threat to child health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)—particularly amongst more disadvantaged groups. It is imperative to understand the best available evidence concerning which public health interventions reduce morbidity, mortality and health inequalities in children aged under five years. To address this gap, we carried out an umbrella review (a systematic reviews of reviews) to identify evidence on the effects of public health interventions (promotion, protection, prevention) on morbidity, mortality and/or health inequalities due to infectious diseases amongst children in LMICs. Ten databases were searched for records published between 2014–2021 alongside a manual search of gray literature. Articles were quality-assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool (AMSTAR 2). A narrative synthesis was conducted. We identified 60 systematic reviews synthesizing 453 individual primary studies. A majority of the reviews reported on preventive interventions (n = 48), with a minority on promotion (n = 17) and almost no reviews covering health protection interventions (n = 2). Effective interventions for improving child health across the whole population, as well as the most disadvantaged included communication, education and social mobilization for specific preventive services or tools, such as immunization or bed nets. For all other interventions, the effects were either unclear, unknown or detrimental, either at the overall population level or regarding health inequalities. We found few reviews reporting health inequalities information and the quality of the evidence base was generally low. Our umbrella review identified some prevention interventions that might be useful in reducing under five mortality from infectious diseases in LMICs, particularly amongst the most disadvantaged groups.

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