scholarly journals Demographic and Mental Health Assessments in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Updates and Longitudinal Trajectories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna M Barch ◽  
Matthew D Albaugh ◽  
Arielle Baskin-Sommers ◽  
Brittany E Bryant ◽  
Duncan B Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mental Health History ◽  
Family Mental Health

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study of 11,880 youth incorporates a comprehensive range of measures assessing predictors and outcomes related to mental health across childhood and adolescence in participating youth, as well as information about family mental health history. We have previously described the logic and content of the mental health assessment battery at Baseline and Year 1. Here, we describe changes to that battery and issues and clarifications that have emerged, as well as additions to the mental health battery at the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-ups. We capitalize on the recent release of longitudinal data for caregiver and youth report of mental health data to evaluate trajectories of dimensions of psychopathology as a function of demographic factors. For both caregiver and self-reported mental health symptoms, males showed age-related decreases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while females showed an increase in internalizing symptoms with age. Multiple indicators of socioeconomic status (caregiver education, family income, financial adversity, neighborhood poverty) accounted for unique variance in both caregiver and youth-reported externalizing and internalizing symptoms. These data highlight the importance of examining developmental trajectories of mental health as a function of key factors such as sex and socioeconomic environment.

scholarly journals Segregation and integration of the functional connectome in neurodevelopmentally 'at risk' children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Jones ◽  
Duncan Astle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Age Related ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity Networks ◽  
Learning Language

Functional connectivity within and between Intrinsic Connectivity Networks (ICNs) transforms over development and supports high order cognitive functions. But how variable is this process, and does it diverge with altered cognitive developmental trajectories? We investigated age-related changes in integration and segregation within and between ICNs in neurodevelopmentally at-risk children, identified by practitioners as experiencing cognitive difficulties in attention, learning, language, or memory. In our analysis we used performance on a battery of 10 cognitive tasks, alongside resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 175 at-risk children and 62 comparison children aged 5-16. We observed significant age-by-group interactions in functional connectivity between two network pairs. Integration between the ventral attention and visual networks and segregation of the limbic and fronto-parietal networks increased with age in our comparison sample, relative to at-risk children. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the ventral attention and visual networks in comparison children significantly mediated age-related improvements in executive function, compared to at-risk children. We conclude that integration between ICNs show divergent neurodevelopmental trends in the broad population of children experiencing cognitive difficulties, and that these differences in functional brain organisation may partly explain the pervasive cognitive difficulties within this group over childhood and adolescence.

The Interpersonal Context of Early Childhood Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
James P. McHale ◽  
Susan Dickstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Family Mental Health

With the 2016 release of Zero to Three’s Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, the eyes of the field are newly trained on assessment of the full family caregiving contexts in which children are raised. This chapter presents a conceptual model for assessing coparenting alliances in families of infants and toddlers intended to provide information to both researchers and practitioners. The chapter defines coparenting in a manner that is relevant for various family systems, identifies important elements of effective coparenting alliances, and presents a schematic for assessing quality of coparenting in the young child’s family. Guidance based on lessons learned from extensive field experience with coparenting in diverse families is provided, and both reported and observed coparenting assessment methods are discussed. Growing points for this relatively new field of infant–family mental health assessment are enumerated.

scholarly journals Demographic and Mental Health Assessments in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Updates and Age-Related Trajectories

2021 ◽  
pp. 101031
Author(s):  
Deanna M. Barch ◽  
Matthew D. Albaugh ◽  
Arielle Baskin-Sommers ◽  
Brittany E. Bryant ◽  
Duncan B. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Assessments

scholarly journals Life After: Examining the Relationship Between Sociobehavioral Factors and Mental Health Among African American Ex-Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 3873-3889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos C. Mahaffey ◽  
Danelle Stevens-Watkins ◽  
Carl Leukefeld
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health History ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Mental Health History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Mental Health ◽  
The Relationship

Mental health problems are 3 times higher among prisoners than the general population. After release, reentry barriers and other factors can exacerbate mental problems. This study of 250 African American ex-offenders examines the relationship between sociobehavioral factors and mental health. Independent variables included self-reported health, alcohol use, employment, and history of mental problems before prison. Covariates included the number of immediate family with mental problems and the number of serious conflicts with family members or friends. Analyses revealed that men who had serious conflicts, used alcohol more often, reported less than excellent health, and not employed were more likely to report being troubled by mental problems. Family mental health history was not statistically significant. The current study adds to the literature by identifying selected factors associated with the mental health of African American male, ex-offenders. Findings from this study can inform interventions to address mental health issues and reduce recidivism.

scholarly journals A multi-trajectory analysis of commonly co-occurring mental health issues across childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja L. Murray ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Daniel Nagin ◽  
Denis Ribeaud
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Post Natal Depression

AbstractDevelopmental trajectories of mental health issues can often be usefully summarised in a small number of clinically meaningful subtypes. Given the high levels of heterotypic and homotypic comorbidity in child and adolescent mental health symptoms, we explored whether it was possible to identify clinically meaningful developmental subtypes of multiple commonly co-occurring mental health issues. We evaluated the combined developmental trajectories of the most common and commonly co-occurring child and adolescent mental health issues: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalising, and externalising symptoms in a normative sample of youth with data (n = 1620) at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15 using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of group membership. Our optimal model included six trajectory groups, labelled ‘unaffected’, ‘normative maturing’, ‘internalising’, ‘multimorbid late onset’, ‘multimorbid remitting’, and ‘multimorbid with remitting externalising’. Examining covariates of group membership suggested that males and bully victims tend to have complex mental health profiles; academic achievement and smoking during pregnancy have general associations with mental health irrespective of symptom developmental trajectories or combination; and maternal post-natal depression is primarily related to symptoms that are already in evidence by the beginning of the school years. Results suggest that developmental trajectories of commonly co-occurring mental health issues can be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of developmental subtypes. These subtypes more often than not involve multiple co-occurring mental health issues. Their association with mental health covariates depends on the combination and developmental timing of symptoms in ways that suggest they can be clinically informative.

scholarly journals Perceived Benefits and Harms of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Well-Being and Their Sociodemographic Disparities in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonny Yee-Man Wong ◽  
Tai-Hing Lam ◽  
Agnes Yuen-Kwan Lai ◽  
Man Ping Wang ◽  
Sai-Yin Ho
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Mental Health

We assessed the perceived benefits and harms of COVID-19 on family and their associations with sociodemographic factors in Chinese adults in Hong Kong. We conducted an online population-based survey and collected 4891 responses in 6 days. Prevalence estimates were weighted by sex, age, and education of the general population, and associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Our results showed both perceived benefits: 19.0% for family physical health, 7.2% family mental health, and 13.5% family relationships; and harms: 2.3% for family physical health, 37.9% family mental health, 18.6% family relationships, and 37.8% decreased family income. More female or older respondents reported perceived benefits but fewer of them reported perceived harms. More respondents with higher than lower socioeconomic scores (SES) reported perceived benefits on family physical and mental health and family relationships, but more respondents with lower than higher SES reported perceived harm on family income. As the pandemic continues with uncertainties, further studies on the dynamics of benefits and harms are needed. Urgent and additional assistance to underprivileged families and at-risk individuals are needed to reduce the inequities amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication in icelandic nursing homes from 2003 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Páll Biering ◽  
◽  
Ingibjörg Hjaltadóttir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Older People ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Age Related

INTRODUCTION: Research shows a high prevalence of mental disorders and psychotropic medication among older people, especially in nursing homes. Knowledge of this concerning issue among Icelandic nursing homes residents is limited, despite its importance for mental health policymaking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication in Icelandic nursing homes, the relationship between these factors and how they have evolved from 2003 to 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research data comes from interRAI MDS 2.0 assessments for nursing home residents in Iceland, for the period 2003-2018. The study uses the last assessment of each year (N=47,526). RESULTS: Approximately half of the residents were diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression; 49.4% in 2003 and 54.5% in 2018. The use of psychotropic drugs increased from 66.3% to 72.5%. Antidepressants were most commonly utilized, with an increase from 47.5% to 56.2%. The use of antipsychotics drugs has remained nearly unchanged, at around 26%. Inconsistency was found between psychotropic medication and psychiatric diagnoses; on average, 18.2% of the residents took psychotropic drugs without being diagnosed and 22.3% took antipsychotics in other cases than recommended. CONCLUSION: Age related changes influence the effect of psychotropic drugs and studies have not supported their positive long-term effects for older people who are also sensitive to associated adverse effects, especially in cases of polypharmacy. Therefore, it is important that psychotropic drugs use is based on accurate mental health assessment. To reduce psychotropic medication, other mental health interventions need to be developed.

scholarly journals Externalising Behaviour in Children: An Integrative Model Between Health and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santuri Rungan ◽  
Alicia Montgomery ◽  
Jennifer Smith-Merry ◽  
Huei Ming Liu ◽  
John Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
Externalising Behaviours

Abstract Background: Externalising behaviours are the most common mental health disorder of childhood and adolescence. They are defined as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). CD is associated with high societal and economic burden. Yudi Gunyi School caters for students aged 10-16 years with problematic externalising behaviour. A multidisciplinary health assessment has been developed. This evaluation aimed to see if this model of care improved the outcomes for children with externalising behaviour.Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all students attending the health assessment between 26 July 2016 and 14 May 2019 using de-identified data was conducted. Descriptive statistics (proportion, mean, SD, and range) were used. A student’s t-test was used to assess change in SDQ scores.Results: Prior to the assessment 22.8% had a paediatrician but 33.3% were not engaged with the paediatrician. Similarly, mental health services were involved in 27.8% but 18.2% were not engaged. Child protection services had previous involvement with 43% and current involvement with 32.9%.Attendance was high (failure to attend 7.6%; cancellation 8.9%). New diagnoses of ADHD (3.8%), autism (1.3%), CD (1.3%) and ODD (1.3%) were made. Other issues identified included learning difficulties (12.7%), medical diagnoses (10.1%), emotional concerns (16.5%), domestic violence (12.7%), OOHC (7.6%), trauma background (27.8%), the death/loss of a close relative/friend (8.9%), parental separation (31.6%) and substance use (19%). SDQ teacher reports showed a statistically significant decrease in total difficulties scores (M = 6.2, SD = 6.165, p < 0.05, eta squared = 1.013 (large effect)) and all subsets including behavioural/conduct difficulties (M = 1.8, SD = 2.4, p <0.05, eta squared = 0.741 (medium effect)), hyperactivity and concentration difficulties (M = 2.8, SD = 2.4, p <0.05, eta squared 1.15 (large effect)) and impact scores (M = 1.636, SD = 1.8, P <0.05, eta squared = 0.909 (large effect)).There were no significant differences in the parent and self-reported SDQs. Conclusions: The multidisciplinary model between health and education offered mechanisms to reduce barriers to care for children experiencing externalising behaviours.

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