scholarly journals The Hippocampus uses cryptographic principles rather than plasticity to enable animals to secretly cache and retrieve their food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Forkosh
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Caching ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spatial View ◽  
Spatial Cell

For animals, the ability to hide and retrieve valuable information, such as the location of food, can mean the difference between life and death. Here, we propose that to achieve this, their brain uses spatial cells similarly to how we utilize encryption for data security. Some animals are able to cache hundreds of thousands of food items annually by each individual and later retrieve most of what they themselves stashed. Rather than memorizing their cache locations as previously suggested, we propose that they use a single cryptographic-like mechanism during both caching and retrieval. The model we developed is based on hippocampal spatial cells, which respond to an animal's positional attention, such as when the animal enters a specific region (place-cells) or gazes at a particular location (spatial-view-cells). We know that the region that activates each spatial cell remains consistent across subsequent visits to the same area but not between areas. This remapping, combined with the uniqueness of cognitive maps, produces a persistent crypto-hash function for both food caching and retrieval. We also show that the model stores temporal information that helps animals in food caching order preference as previously observed. This behavior, which we refer to as crypto-taxis, might also explain consistent differences in decision-making when animals are faced with a large number of alternatives such as in foraging.

scholarly journals RBP: a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Luo ◽  
LiangMin Wang ◽  
ShangNan Yin ◽  
Hao Shentu ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Low Delay ◽  
Defense Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bandwidth Overhead ◽  
Traffic Analysis Attack

AbstractEdge computing has developed rapidly in recent years due to its advantages of low bandwidth overhead and low delay, but it also brings challenges in data security and privacy. Website fingerprinting (WF) is a passive traffic analysis attack that threatens website privacy which poses a great threat to user’s privacy and web security. It collects network packets generated while a user accesses website, and then uses a series of techniques to discover patterns of network packets to infer the type of website user accesses. Many anonymous networks such as Tor can meet the need of hide identity from users in network activities, but they are also threatened by WF attacks. In this paper, we propose a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks, called Random Bidirectional Padding (RBP). It is a novel website fingerprinting defense technology based on time sampling and random bidirectional packets padding, which can covert the real packets distribution to destroy the Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) features in the traffic sequence and increase the difference between the datasets with random bidirectional virtual packets padding. We evaluate the defense against state-of-the-art website fingerprinting attacks in real scenarios, and show its effectiveness.

Doctor-Patient Social Networking to Improve Specialist Care Coordination

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Communication And Coordination

Effective communication and coordination among medical doctors, specialists, and other caregivers could mean the difference between life and death for patients. This chapter presents a new digital health technology paradigm based on social networking that improves care coordination and communication among medical specialists. This technology integrates data across diagnostic modalities to simplify the process of accessing information, and reporting medical interpretations and treatment recommendations. This model can help care providers improve patient outcomes by facilitating initial risk stratification and remote consults with experts, thereby reducing admissions and readmissions, and making patient care more effective. Additionally, this technology can address the lack of specialists in underserved areas, and ease accessibility for aging populations.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Fuzzy Grey TOPSIS Method: Supplier Evaluation of a Collaborative Manufacturing Enterprise

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiong Feng ◽  
Zhifeng Zhang ◽  
Guangdong Tian ◽  
Amir Mohammad Fathollahi-Fard ◽  
Nannan Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
Collaborative Manufacturing ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
The Difference

Recently, there is of significant interest in developing multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques with large applications for real-life problems. Making a reasonable and accurate decision on MCDM problems can help develop enterprises better. The existing MCDM methods, such as the grey comprehensive evaluation (GCE) method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), have their one-sidedness and shortcomings. They neither consider the difference of shape and the distance of the evaluation sequence of alternatives simultaneously nor deal with the interaction that universally exists among criteria. Furthermore, some enterprises cannot consult the best professional expert, which leads to inappropriate decisions. These reasons motivate us to contribute a novel hybrid MCDM technique called the grey fuzzy TOPSIS (FGT). It applies fuzzy measures and fuzzy integral to express and integrate the interaction among criteria, respectively. Fuzzy numbers are employed to help the experts to make more reasonable and accurate evaluations. The GCE method and the TOPSIS are combined to improve their one-sidedness. A case study of supplier evaluation of a collaborative manufacturing enterprise verifies the effectiveness of the hybrid method. The evaluation result of different methods shows that the proposed approach overcomes the shortcomings of GCE and TOPSIS. The proposed hybrid decision-making model provides a more accurate and reliable method for evaluating the fuzzy system MCDM problems with interaction criteria.

If Romeo and Juliet had mobile phones

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Wellman ◽  
Lee Rainie
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
The Social ◽  
True Love ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Networked Individualism

How did the absence of mobile phones affect the romantic life and death of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet? The difference in their situation would have been part of the social change to networked individualism from group-based societies. The Mobile Revolution would have afforded personal communication rather than the household-centered communication of the Montagues and the Capulets. Romeo and Juliet would have been always available to each other, instead of wondering where the other might be. Location-aware apps would have plotted their whereabouts. The course of true love would have been more connected.

A view model which accounts for the spatial fields of hippocampal primate spatial view cells and rat place cells

Hippocampus ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E.T. de Araujo ◽  
E.T. Rolls ◽  
S.M. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Place Cells ◽  
Spatial Fields ◽  
Spatial View

Ansätze einer Orientierungsethik

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Logsirup
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract (verlaßt von Viggo Mortensen) Although the different ethical phenomena stick together it is vital to evaluate them separately. The paper deals with the following phenomena and aspects of moral philosophy:(1) The zone of sacrosantity and its place in the emotionallife of huma beings.(2) The difference between morality and moralisin.(3) As the sovereign life-manifestiones are spontanous can we contribute to their development?(4) What are the ideal conditions for the development of specific character traits?(5) The ethical contrast between good and evil and the contrast between life and death. How are they related to each other in the Christian Gospel?

scholarly journals Application of the Fuzzy Optimal Model in the Selection of the Startup Hub

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xinman Zhu ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Haoran Wei ◽  
Debing Yang ◽  
Weilun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Topsis Approach ◽  
Textile Factory ◽  
Hierarchy Process

This paper integrates nominal group technique (NGT), analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach, and a case study has been used to demonstrate the fuzzy optimal selection model. From a literature review on the startup hub and the interviews conducted with officials and experts, the selection criteria are (1) convenience—promoted by the city’s entrepreneurial policies or its traffic infrastructure; (2) potentiality—promoted by a regional network or value chain of startups. Lastly, the best idle land resulted in this case study with equal decision-making power using the fuzzy method is Taipei Jianguo Brewery, and the difference of decision-making power might make the best idle land to be Wanbao Textile Factory.

scholarly journals LIFE AND DEATH. EUTANASIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Mykola Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Hospice Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Passive Euthanasia ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Active And Passive Euthanasia

Euthanasia is a good death in Greek. According to Wikipedia, «euthanasia» is the termination of a person's life in a quick, painless way. Euthanasia is used in people who have incurable diseases and no longer want to suffer from pain, their condition. The term «euthanasia» was first used by F. Bacon to denote easy death in the 17th century. Since 2020, certain types of euthanasia are legally allowed in Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, parts of Australia, and in some of the sUS states. Palliative and hospice care is sometimes seen as a relative alternative to euthanasia. There are two types of euthanasia – active, which involves the administration of a dying person, drugs that cause rapid death, and passive – intentional cessation of maintenance therapy to the patient. Active euthanasia is often considered suicide with medical help, if the doctor gives the patient a drugs that will shorten his life at the request of the patient.. In Ukraine, the actions of a doctor for euthanasia are considered premeditated murder. The coronavirus pandemic has shown that many countries of the world are ready to introduce passive euthanasia, that is, in the event of mass morbidity, not only ideas are spread, but also projects about the inaccessibility of medical care for the elderly in order to save young people, about limiting the hospitalizations of elderly people with a serious illness, which requires mechanical ventilation with a shortage of ventilators and hospitals that can provide oxygenation. The debate over euthanasia revolves around the following issues: people have the right to self-determination and independent choice of destiny; helping the sick people to die may be a better choice than suffering; the difference between active and passive euthanasia is insignificant; permission for euthanasia does not necessarily lead to adverse consequences. Disputes often take place at the ethical or religious level. Opponents of euthanasia defend the right for life under any circumstances, and the adoption of the law expands the cohort of patients with euthanasia and hope for life. Keywords: euthanasia, death, life, consciousness, stroke.

scholarly journals Impact of Online Purchase of Food Items on Diet Pattern of Adults between 25-35 Years of Age in Central Mumbai

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Muntaha Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
The Difference

In the context of online purchasing of Grocery and other food items it was observed that the major advantage was the ability to purchase things from any location at any time with convenience and reduced use of time which made it more practical than visiting stores and very easy. Objectives:- To know the type and quantity of food purchased online and assess the effect of online food purchasing on body composition and Body Mass Index. Methodology:- The respondents being studied belonged to the age group of 25-35 years, the samples were selected by purposive random sampling. The number of participants were 100. Food frequency questionnaire was the tool used and The frequency of the food products that the participants purchase online and consume included categories such as groceries, frozen food, canned foods, ready to cook meals, packaged foods, chocolates and candies, desserts, jams and conserves, beverages, fast food. Results:- It was observed from BMI (Body Mass Index) that 23% of the participants were overweight and 51% of were Pre obese indicating that their consumption of processed energy dense food was high. It was observed that more than (50%) participants preferred to Purchase food items online on a monthly basis and (28%) preferred it on a weekly basis. Thus Indicating that the participants are used to purchasing food items online and find it more convenient Than offline shopping. When BMI was correlated with the frequency of Online purchase of food items it was not significant (p-value=0.29). Also participants mostly preferred to purchase Fast food (34%) online followed by Grocery (29%) on the other hand the least purchased food item Was frozen food indicating that the consumption of Frozen food is not much. The difference in Percentage of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to the purchase of groceries and other food items was not significant (p-value= 0.43). It was also noted that (41%) of the participants gained weight after purchasing food items online however there was no significant relation in the BMI and weight status of the respondents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document