scholarly journals Chemistry, Taxonomy and Ecology of the potentially chimpanzee-dispersed Vepris teva sp.nov. (Rutaceae) of coastal thicket in the Congo Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Langat ◽  
Teva Kami ◽  
Martin Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Congo River ◽  
Acridone Alkaloids ◽  
African Genus

ABSTRACTContinuing a survey of the chemistry of species of the largely continental African genus Vepris, we investigate a species previously referred to as Vepris sp. 1 of Congo. From the leaves of Vepris sp. 1 we report six compounds. The compounds were three furoquinoline alkaloids, kokusaginine (1), maculine (2), and flindersiamine (3), two acridone alkaloids, arborinine (4)and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridone (5), and the triterpenoid, ß-amyrin (6). Compounds 1-4 are commonly isolated from other Vepris species, compound 5 has been reported before once, from Malagasy Vepris pilosa, while this is the first report of ß-amyrin from Vepris. This combination of compounds has never before been reported from any species of Vepris. We test the hypothesis that Vepris sp.1 is new to science and formally describe it as Vepris teva, unique in the genus in that the trifoliolate leaves are subsessile, with the median petiolule far exceeding the petiole in length. Similar fleshy-leathery 4-locular syncarpous fruits are otherwise only known in the genus in Vepris glaberrima (formerly the monotypic genus Oriciopsis Engl.), a potential sister species, but requiring further investigation to confirm this phylogenetic position. We briefly characterise the unusual and poorly documented Atlantic coast equatorial ecosystem, where Vepris teva is restricted to evergreen thicket on white sand, unusual in a genus usually confine to evergreen forest. This endemic-rich ecosystem with a unique amphibian as well as plants, extends along the coastline from the mouth of the Congo River to southern Rio Muni, a distance of about 1000 km, traversing five countries. We map and illustrate Vepris teva and assess its extinction risk as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)) using the IUCN standard. Only three locations are known, and threats include port and oil refinery construction and associated activities, with only one protected location, the Jane Goodall Institute’s Tchimpounga Reserve. Initial evidence indicates that the seeds of Vepris teva are dispersed by chimpanzees, previously unreported in the genus

No longer endemic to Africa: Kribiodosis Kieffer, 1921 (Diptera, Chironomidae) new to Oriental China with a phylogeny and expanded adult generic diagnoses

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5072 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-574
Author(s):  
WU HAN ◽  
JIE LIU ◽  
YIFAN LUO ◽  
HONGQU TANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
Core Member ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
African Genus

Kribiodosis Kieffer, 1921, an African genus of Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae), is newly recorded from the Oriental region through a new species K. cantonensis sp. n. Detailed descriptions of the male, female and a DNA barcode are provided. With the inclusion of the new species bearing scutal tubercle and fused tibial comb, the generic diagnosis needs revision and expansion. The phylogenetic position of Kribiodosis within the tribe Chironomini is explored based on five concatenated genetic makers (18S, 28S, CAD1, CAD4 and COI-3P) using both mixed-model Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. Kribiodosis is placed as a core member of the Microtendipes group but its precise sister group remains unclear. Inclusion of the analysis of Nilodosis Kieffer, another Chironomini genus with an African-Oriental distribution, reveals an unexpected robust position as sister to a large and diverse inclusive group of many Chironomini.  

scholarly journals The genus Microniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda): evidence for three lineages distributed across northwestern Europe and transfer from Niphargidae to Pseudoniphargidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Weber ◽  
Fabio Stoch ◽  
Lee R.F.D. Knight ◽  
Claire Chauveau ◽  
Jean-François Flot
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family

Microniphargus leruthi Schellenberg, 1934 (Amphipoda: Niphargidae) was first described based on samples collected in Belgium and placed in a monotypic genus within the family Niphargidae. However, some details of its morphology as well as recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Microniphargus may be more closely related to Pseudoniphargus (Amphipoda: Pseudoniphargidae) than to Niphargus. Moreover, M. leruthi ranges over 1,469 km from Ireland to Germany, which is striking since only a few niphargids have confirmed ranges in excess of 200 km. To find out the phylogenetic position of M. leruthi and check whether it may be a complex of cryptic species, we collected material from Ireland, England and Belgium then sequenced fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene as well as of the nuclear 28S ribosomal gene. Phylogenetic analyses of both markers confirm that Microniphargus is closer to Pseudoniphargus than to Niphargus, leading us to reallocate Microniphargus to Pseudoniphargidae. We also identify three congruent mito-nuclear lineages present respectively in Ireland, in both Belgium and England, and in England only (with the latter found in sympatry at one location), suggesting that M. leruthi is a complex of at least three species with a putative centre of origin in England.

Plant Remains from the Washington Square Mound site (41NA49), Nacogdoches, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
River Cane ◽  
Botanical Remains ◽  
Washington Square

Botanical remains were identified from 27 lots from the Washington Square Mound site (41NA49). The primary occupation at the site is Middle Caddo period in age. The first pooled set of calibrated radiocarbon dates from the site fell into the period A.D. 1268-1302, while a recent set of five calibrated dates from samples of plant remains discussed in this article range from A.D. 1279 + 17; (2) A.D. 1358 + 57; and three dates on charred corn from Features 36, 81, and 86 range from as early as A.D. 1394 to as late as A.D. 1437. These dates as a group fall in the Middle Caddo period; there is limited evidence at the site for other, smaller occupations, including Late Caddo and Late Woodland/Early Caddo. At least three mounds were visible in the nineteenth century. Much of the site was never plowed, a situation that has resulted in intact shallow deposits and unusually large pottery sherds, although a high school has been built over parts of the non-mound site area. Labels of botanical lots that included excavation dates indicate a range from 1979 to 1983, associating the botanical remains with Stephen F. Austin State University Field School excavations that took place during this time. At least nine features are represented in the botanical lots. Four are described as charcoal-filled pits, one as a pit, and one as a post mold. Feature 36 was a corn cob concentration . Botanical lots for Features 62, 81, and 199 are also present. The Washington Square Mound site is situated in the city of Nacogdoches, Texas, on an interfluve between Banita Creek and La Nana Creek, which drain into La Nana Bayou and the Angelina River. The area lies squarely in the Pineywoods ecological zone, the westernmost extension of the great Southeastern Evergreen Forest that reaches across the southeastern United States to the Atlantic coast (Braun 2001:281). The dominant vegetation type in an upland area such as Washington Square during presettlement times would have been a shortleaf pine community, where shortleaf pines (Pinus echinata) share dominance with dry-site oaks such as southern red oak (Quercus falcata), post oak (Q. stellata), and blackjack oak (Q. marilandica), hickories (Carya spp.), and elms (Ulmus spp.) Springs and marshy areas nearby would have offered aquatic and wetland plants such as river cane (Arundinaria gigantea). A spring-fed pond is reported to have existed north of the site, and a marshy area to the southwest. Pollen studies indicate that use of the modern and recent vegetation is appropriate for understanding the plants and attendant animal resources available to occupants of the sites during prehistoric times. Some fluctuations in rainfall and temperature have taken place, however. In addition, more frequent fires would have made the understory in the uplands less prominent than today. Early explorers in East Texas and other parts of the Eastern Woodlands noted the open, park-like nature of many woodlands.

Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4623 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-440
Author(s):  
WAYNE N. MATHIS ◽  
TADEUSZ ZATWARNICKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Shore Fly ◽  
First Time

Two genera of the shore-fly tribe Hyadinini, Hyadina Haliday and Parahyadina Tonnoir & Malloch, are revised, and all species treated, save P. lacustris Tonnoir & Malloch, are described for the first time. The phylogenetic position of both genera within Hyadinini is presented along with confirming, morphological evidence. The New Zealand fauna of Hyadina is now limited to the single new species H. breva, and Parahyadina is expanded from being a monotypic genus based on P. lacustris to also include the following 9 endemic new species: P. angusta, P. atra, P. bifurcata, P. bulla, P. debilis, P. edmistoni, P. hennigi, P. irwini, and P. latistylis. For both genera, emphasis is given to structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. Detailed locality data and distribution maps for all species are provided, and structures of the male terminalia are fully illustrated. For perspective and to facilitate recognition of genera, the tribe Hyadinini is diagnosed and a key to genera from New Zealand is provided. 

A NEW GENUS OF PYRGOMORPHIDAE (ACRIDOIDEA: ORTHOPTERA) FROM THE ISLAND OF SOCOTRA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1169-1173
Author(s):  
D. Keith McE. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
East African ◽  
African Genus

AbstractA new, endemic monotypic genus of Pyrgomorphidae, Xenephias, is described from Socotra. The single known species, X. socotranus n. sp., proves to be a member of the widely distributed tribe Sphenariini. It shows some similarities to eastern Asiatic genera, but is apparently closest to the isolated east African genus Sphenexia Karsch.

scholarly journals Pentaneurella katterjokki Fittkau & Murray (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae): redescription and phylogenetic position

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Fabio Laurindo da Silva ◽  
Elisabeth Stur
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Coloration Pattern ◽  
Key Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male Pupa

The monotypic genus Pentaneurella Fittkau & Murray was originally described based on larvae, pupal exuviae and pharate males. The latter prevented the observation of key features, such as wing dimensions, abdominal coloration pattern, and hypopygial apodemes (sternapodeme and phallapodeme), and the description of the adult male was considered incomplete by the authors. Herein, the adult female of Pentaneurellakatterjokki is described for the first time, and the adult male, pupa and larva are redescribed and figured based on specimens recently collected in Germany and Norway. We also discuss the phylogenetic position of Pentaneurella.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic position and evolution of glandular structures of the unusual and narrowly distributed genus Rhytidanthera (Ochnaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Reinales ◽  
Carlos Parra-O
Keyword(s):  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
African Genus

Abstract Rhytidanthera is the only genus of Ochnaceae with compound leaves, and it forms sparse, small populations restricted to the primary forest of the Colombian and Venezuelan Andes and the sandstone hills of La Macarena and Chiribiquete. It has been suggested to be related to Godoya, Cespedesia and Krukoviella in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. However, the relationships in this group remain poorly resolved, due to the lack of a wider molecular and taxonomic sampling. We present a phylogenetic study of tribe Sauvagesieae including three Rhytidanthera spp. and one species each of Godoya and Cespedesia, using sequences from one nuclear (ITS) and four plastid DNA regions (matK, ndhF, rbcL and trnL-F), in order to clarify the relationships among these four genera. We recover a new and well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis, with Rhytidanthera as sister to a clade comprising Godoya and the clade formed by Cespedesia and Krukoviella. This Neotropical clade was recovered as sister to the monotypic and African genus Fleurydora. The clade comprising Rhytidanthera, Godoya, Cespedesia and Krukoviella is supported by the presence of glandular structures (colleters) at the base of stipules and bracts. The colleters also evolved at the base of the sepals in this clade, with a secondary loss in Cespedesia and Krukoviella. We suggest that the combination of unequal-sized sepals enclosing the floral bud and the presence of colleters in members of this clade could have a role in the protection of leaves and flowers in the early stages of development, instead of acting in pollinator attraction.

A taxonomic revision of Maurocenia (Celastraceae), a Western Cape monotypic endemic

Bothalia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Archer ◽  
A. E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
National Park ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cape Peninsula ◽  
African Genus

A taxonomic account is given of the monotypic genus Maurocenia Mill. Maurocenia frangula Mill, has a restricted range and is endemic to the Cape Peninsula and the West Coast National Park. Western Cape. Maurocenia frangularia (L.)Mill., the species name and author citation widely used in the past, is incorrect. It is characterized by. among others, pendulous ovules and gynodioecy, rare states in the Celastraceae. Maurocenia is apparently most closely related to the southern African genus Lauridia Eckl. Zeyh.

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