scholarly journals Wild pigs mediate far-reaching agricultural impacts on tropical forest soil microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Q Brearley ◽  
Hokyung Song ◽  
Binu Tripathi ◽  
Ke Dong ◽  
Noraziah Mohamad Zin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Tropical Forest Soil

Edge effects, the altered abiotic and biotic conditions on the borders of natural areas, rarely extend more than a few hundred meters. Edge effects have rarely been linked to altered soil biota, which shape ecosystem processes including carbon storage, biogeochemical cycling, and plant performance. Here, we investigated if agriculturally-mediated increased wildlife populations affect soil biotic communities at a distance well over that of estimated edge effects when they move between agriculture and natural habitats using a 22-year fenced exclusion experiment in a primary rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia. We found that the presence of wildlife (mainly native pigs (Sus scrofa) that crop-raid in nearby oil palm plantations) was associated with higher bacterial diversity, and an altered community composition (mediated by changes in soil pH), and reduced abundances of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi compared to soil in exclosures. There were only minor effects of pigs on soil chemistry or microclimate, so we suggest that changes in soil communities are driven by pigs' leaf litter removal and alterations to plant composition. Our study highlights that indirect effects from agriculture can be transferred by wildlife >1 km into protected areas and this could have important repercussions for ecosystem processes and plant-soil feedbacks.

scholarly journals Effects of between-site variation in soil microbial communities and plant-soil feedbacks on the productivity and composition of plant communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Bauer ◽  
Noah Blumenthal ◽  
Anna J. Miller ◽  
Julia K. Ferguson ◽  
Heather L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Site Variation

scholarly journals A two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment to explore biotic influences on Phragmites australis invasion in North American wetlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Lee ◽  
Thomas J. Mozdzer ◽  
Samantha K. Chapman ◽  
M. Gonzalez Mateu ◽  
A. H. Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Mesocosms ◽  
Soil Feedback ◽  
Resistance To Invasion

Plants can cultivate soil microbial communities that affect subsequent plant growth through a plant-soil feedback (PSF).  Strong evidence indicates that PSFs can mediate the invasive success of exotic upland plants, but many of the most invasive plants occur in wetlands.  In North America, the rapid spread of European Phragmites australis cannot be attributed to innate physiological advantages, thus PSFs may mediate invasion. Here we apply a two-phase fully-factorial plant-soil feedback design in which field-derived soil inocula were conditioned using saltmarsh plants and then were added to sterile soil mesocosms and planted with each plant type.  This design allowed us to assess complete soil biota effects on intraspecific PSFs between native and introduced P. australis as well as heterospecific feedbacks between P. australis and the native wetland grass, Spartina patens. Our results demonstrate that native P. australis experienced negative conspecific feedbacks while introduced P. australis experienced neutral conspecific feedbacks.  Interestingly, S. patens soil inocula inhibited growth in both lineages of P. australis while introduced and native P. australis inocula promoted the growth of S. patens suggestive of biotic resistance against P. australis invasion by S. patens . Our findings suggest that PSFs are not directly promoting the invasion of introduced P. australis in North America. Furthermore, native plants like S. patens seem to exhibit soil microbe mediated biotic resistance to invasion which highlights the importance of disturbance in mediating introduced P. australis invasion.

scholarly journals Ozone affects plant, insect, and soil microbial communities: A threat to terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. eabc1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenios Agathokleous ◽  
Zhaozhong Feng ◽  
Elina Oksanen ◽  
Pierre Sicard ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Competition ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Insect Interactions

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations induce adverse effects in plants. We reviewed how ozone affects (i) the composition and diversity of plant communities by affecting key physiological traits; (ii) foliar chemistry and the emission of volatiles, thereby affecting plant-plant competition, plant-insect interactions, and the composition of insect communities; and (iii) plant-soil-microbe interactions and the composition of soil communities by disrupting plant litterfall and altering root exudation, soil enzymatic activities, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. The community composition of soil microbes is consequently changed, and alpha diversity is often reduced. The effects depend on the environment and vary across space and time. We suggest that Atlantic islands in the Northern Hemisphere, the Mediterranean Basin, equatorial Africa, Ethiopia, the Indian coastline, the Himalayan region, southern Asia, and Japan have high endemic richness at high ozone risk by 2100.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge addition modifies soil microbial communities and plant performance depending on the sludge stabilization process

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lloret ◽  
José A. Pascual ◽  
Eoin L. Brodie ◽  
Nicholas J. Bouskill ◽  
Heribert Insam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Stabilization Process ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sludge Stabilization

scholarly journals Microbial Inoculants and Their Impact on Soil Microbial Communities: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darine Trabelsi ◽  
Ridha Mhamdi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Impact

The knowledge of the survival of inoculated fungal and bacterial strains in field and the effects of their release on the indigenous microbial communities has been of great interest since the practical use of selected natural or genetically modified microorganisms has been developed. Soil inoculation or seed bacterization may lead to changes in the structure of the indigenous microbial communities, which is important with regard to the safety of introduction of microbes into the environment. Many reports indicate that application of microbial inoculants can influence, at least temporarily, the resident microbial communities. However, the major concern remains regarding how the impact on taxonomic groups can be related to effects on functional capabilities of the soil microbial communities. These changes could be the result of direct effects resulting from trophic competitions and antagonistic/synergic interactions with the resident microbial populations, or indirect effects mediated by enhanced root growth and exudation. Combination of inoculants will not necessarily produce an additive or synergic effect, but rather a competitive process. The extent of the inoculation impact on the subsequent crops in relation to the buffering capacity of the plant-soil-biota is still not well documented and should be the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Plant-Soil Feedbacks for the Restoration of Degraded Mine Lands: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Chen Zhu ◽  
Hong-Xiang Zheng ◽  
Wen-Shen Liu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Mei-Na Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Mine Lands ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Much effort has been made to remediate the degraded mine lands that bring severe impacts to the natural environments. However, it remains unclear what drives the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, making the restoration of these fragile ecosystems a big challenge. The interactions among plant species, soil communities, and abiotic conditions, i.e., plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs), significantly influence vegetation development, plant community structure, and ultimately regulate the recovery of ecosystem multi-functionality. Here, we present a conceptual framework concerning PSFs patterns and potential mechanisms in degraded mine lands. Different from healthy ecosystems, mine lands are generally featured with harsh physical and chemical properties, which may have different PSFs and should be considered during the restoration. Usually, pioneer plants colonized in the mine lands can adapt to the stressful environment by forming tolerant functional traits and gathering specific soil microbial communities. Understanding the mechanisms of PSFs would enhance our ability to predict and alter both the composition of above- and below-ground communities, and improve the recovery of ecosystem functions in degraded mine lands. Finally, we put forward some challenges of the current PSFs study and discuss avenues for further research in the ecological restoration of degraded mine lands.

scholarly journals Apple Root stocks and Pre-plant Soil Treatments Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition in a New York Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128C-1128
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Janice E. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Composition

Apple (Malu ×domestica) replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease syndrome of complex etiology that occurs worldwide when establishing new orchards in old fruit-growing sites. Methyl bromide (MB) has been an effective soil fumigant to control ARD, but safer alternatives to MB are needed. We evaluated soil microbial communities, tree growth, and fruit yield for three pre-plant soil treatments (compost amendment, soil treatment with a broad-spectrum fumigant, and untreated controls), and five clonal rootstocks (M7, M26, CG6210, CG30, and G16), in an apple replant site at Ithaca, N.Y. Molecular fingerprinting (PCR-DGGE) techniques were used to study soil microbial community composition of root-zone soil of the different soil treatments and rootstocks. Tree caliper, shoot growth, and yield were measured annually from 2002–04. Among the five rootstocks we compared, trees on CG6210 had the most growth and yield, while trees on M26 had the least growth and yield. Soil treatments altered soil microbial communities during the year after pre-plant treatments, and each treatment was associated with distinct microbial groups in hierarchical cluster analyses. However, those differences among fungal and bacterial communities diminished during the second year after planting, and soil fungal communities equilibrated faster than bacterial communities. Pre-plant soil treatments altered bulk-soil microbial community composition, but those shifts in soil microbial communities had no obvious correlation with tree performance. Rootstock genotypes were the dominant factor in tree performance after 3 years of observations, and different rootstocks were associated with characteristic bacterial, pseudomonad, fungal, and oomycetes communities in root-zone soil.

scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in Chilean vineyards and surrounding native forests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E Castañeda ◽  
Olga Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Native Forests

Mediterranean biomes are biodiversity hotspots and also have been historically related to wine production. During the last decades, land occupied by vineyards has increased considerably threatening these Mediterranean ecosystems. Land use change and agricultural management affect soil biodiversity, changing physical and chemical properties of soil. These changes may have consequences on wine production, especially because soil is a key component of wine identity or terroir. Here, we characterized the taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and fungal communities present in soil from vineyards in Central Chile. To accomplish this goal we collected soil samples from organic vineyards from Central Chile and employed a shotgun metagenomic approach. Additionally, we also studied the surrounding native forest as a picture of the soil conditions prior to the establishment of the vineyard. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that both habitats shared most of the soil microbial species. In general, bacteria were more abundant than fungi in both types of habitats, including soil-living genera such as Candidatus Solibacter, Bradyrhizobium and Gibberella. Interestingly, we found presence of lactic bacteria and fermenting yeasts in soil, which are key during wine production. However, their abundances were extremely low, suggesting unlikeness of soil as a potential reservoir in Chilean vineyards. Regarding functional diversity, we found that genes for metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides and secondary metabolism were enriched in forest soils, whereas genes for metabolism of potassium, proteins and miscellaneous functions were more abundant in vineyard soils. Our results suggest that organic vineyards have similar soil community composition than forest habitats. Additionally, we suggest that native forests surrounding vineyards may be acting as microbial reservoir buffering the land conversion. We conclude that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices by the wine industry may help to maintain the microbial diversity and ecosystem functions related to natural habitats.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Soil Microbial Communities and Plant Communities on Different Slope Aspects in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luoshu He ◽  
Suhui Ma ◽  
Jiangling Zhu ◽  
Xinyu Xiong ◽  
Yangang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The local microclimate of different slope aspects in the same area can not only impact soil environment and plant community but also affect soil microbial community. However, the relationship between aboveground plant communities and belowground soil microbial communities on various slope aspects has not been well understood.Methods We investigated the above- and belowground relationship on different slope aspects and explored how soil properties influence this relationship. Plant community attributes were evaluated by plant species richness and plant total basal area. Soil microbial community was assessed based on both 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA, using High-throughput Illumina sequencing. Results There was no significant correlation between plant richness and soil bacterial community composition on the north slope, but there was a positive correlation on the south slope and a significantly negative correlation on the flat site. There was a significantly negative correlation between soil fungal community composition and plant total basal area, which did not change with the slope aspect. In addition, there was no significant correlation between plant community species richness and soil microbial species richness.Conclusions In subalpine coniferous forests, the relationship between plant-soil bacteria varies with slope aspect, but the plant-soil fungi relationship is relatively consistent across different slope aspects. These results can improve our understanding of the relationship between plant and soil microorganisms in forest ecosystems under microtopographic changes and have important implications for the conservation of biodiversity and forest management in subalpine coniferous forests.

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