scholarly journals Ozone affects plant, insect, and soil microbial communities: A threat to terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. eabc1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenios Agathokleous ◽  
Zhaozhong Feng ◽  
Elina Oksanen ◽  
Pierre Sicard ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Competition ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Insect Interactions

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations induce adverse effects in plants. We reviewed how ozone affects (i) the composition and diversity of plant communities by affecting key physiological traits; (ii) foliar chemistry and the emission of volatiles, thereby affecting plant-plant competition, plant-insect interactions, and the composition of insect communities; and (iii) plant-soil-microbe interactions and the composition of soil communities by disrupting plant litterfall and altering root exudation, soil enzymatic activities, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. The community composition of soil microbes is consequently changed, and alpha diversity is often reduced. The effects depend on the environment and vary across space and time. We suggest that Atlantic islands in the Northern Hemisphere, the Mediterranean Basin, equatorial Africa, Ethiopia, the Indian coastline, the Himalayan region, southern Asia, and Japan have high endemic richness at high ozone risk by 2100.

scholarly journals Effects of between-site variation in soil microbial communities and plant-soil feedbacks on the productivity and composition of plant communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Bauer ◽  
Noah Blumenthal ◽  
Anna J. Miller ◽  
Julia K. Ferguson ◽  
Heather L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Site Variation

scholarly journals A two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment to explore biotic influences on Phragmites australis invasion in North American wetlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Lee ◽  
Thomas J. Mozdzer ◽  
Samantha K. Chapman ◽  
M. Gonzalez Mateu ◽  
A. H. Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Mesocosms ◽  
Soil Feedback ◽  
Resistance To Invasion

Plants can cultivate soil microbial communities that affect subsequent plant growth through a plant-soil feedback (PSF).  Strong evidence indicates that PSFs can mediate the invasive success of exotic upland plants, but many of the most invasive plants occur in wetlands.  In North America, the rapid spread of European Phragmites australis cannot be attributed to innate physiological advantages, thus PSFs may mediate invasion. Here we apply a two-phase fully-factorial plant-soil feedback design in which field-derived soil inocula were conditioned using saltmarsh plants and then were added to sterile soil mesocosms and planted with each plant type.  This design allowed us to assess complete soil biota effects on intraspecific PSFs between native and introduced P. australis as well as heterospecific feedbacks between P. australis and the native wetland grass, Spartina patens. Our results demonstrate that native P. australis experienced negative conspecific feedbacks while introduced P. australis experienced neutral conspecific feedbacks.  Interestingly, S. patens soil inocula inhibited growth in both lineages of P. australis while introduced and native P. australis inocula promoted the growth of S. patens suggestive of biotic resistance against P. australis invasion by S. patens . Our findings suggest that PSFs are not directly promoting the invasion of introduced P. australis in North America. Furthermore, native plants like S. patens seem to exhibit soil microbe mediated biotic resistance to invasion which highlights the importance of disturbance in mediating introduced P. australis invasion.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-term Cotton Continuous Cropping on Soil Microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xi ◽  
Jili Shen ◽  
Zheng Qu ◽  
Dingyi Yang ◽  
Shiming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Groups

AbstractVerticillium wilt is a severe disease of cotton crops in Xinjiang and affecting yields and quality, due to the continuous cotton cropping in the past decades. The relationship between continuous cropping and the changes induced on soil microbiome remains unclear to date. In this study, the culture types of 15 isolates from Bole (5F), Kuitun (7F), and Shihezi (8F) of north Xinjiang were sclerotium type. Only isolates from field 5F belonged to nondefoliating pathotype, the others belonged to defoliating pathotype. The isolates showed pathogenicity differentiation in cotton. Fungal and bacterial communities in soils had some difference in alpha-diversity, relative abundance, structure and taxonomic composition, but microbial groups showed similarity in the same habitat, despite different sampling sites. The fungal phyla Ascomycota, and the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were strongly enriched. Verticillium abundance was significantly and positively correlated with AN, but negatively correlated with soil OM, AK and pH. Moreover, Verticillium was correlated in abundances with 5 fungal and 6 bacterial genera. Overall, we demonstrate that soil microbiome communities have similar responses to long-term continuous cotton cropping, providing new insights into the effects of continuous cotton cropping on soil microbial communities.

scholarly journals Responses of Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure to Different Rates of 1,3-Dichloropropene Fumigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Zaid Abdo ◽  
Amy Charkowski ◽  
Jane E. Stewart ◽  
Kenneth Frost
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sample Depth

1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) is a well-known nematicidal soil fumigant on many crop species. Currently, little is known about its impact on soil microbial communities using culture-free methods. In this study, we investigated changes in soil bacterial and fungal diversity and composition at two depths (30.5 and 61 cm) in response to management practices of applying 1,3-D at four different rates (103, 122, 140, and 187 liters/ha) relative to an untreated control in potato production fields using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing. A total of 12,783 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for 16S and 1,706 OTUs for ITS were obtained. Sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota were dominant phyla in soils. Comparing alpha diversity of microbial communities at the different chemical rates with untreated plots showed that bacterial communities in plots treated with 1,3-D fumigation at 140 liters/ha were richer, which was supported by higher richness indices. Other diversity indices and overall soil microbial community structure were not significantly influenced by any rates of 1,3-D fumigation, although higher bacterial and fungal richness and diversity were observed in posttreatment soils and/or at 30.5 cm. Of the identified microbial families, the differential abundance of 45 bacterial and 24 fungal families was affected by sample depth, 1,3-D rate, or the interaction of sample depth and 1,3-D. The bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, which includes species that specialize in decay of complex carbohydrates, increased in abundance post-1,3-D fumigation, and the fungal family Ophiocordycipitaceae, which includes nematode and insect pathogens, decreased, suggesting that the nematode and soil insect death caused by fumigation may selectively impact specific fungal and bacterial families.

scholarly journals Microbial responses to chitin and chitosan in oxic and anoxic agricultural soil slurries

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3339-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Wieczorek ◽  
S. A. Hetz ◽  
S. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Chitin Degradation ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract. Microbial degradation of chitin in soil substantially contributes to carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Chitin is globally the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose and can be deacetylated to chitosan or can be hydrolyzed to N,N′-diacetylchitobiose and oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Which pathway of chitin hydrolysis is preferred by soil microbial communities is unknown. Supplementation of chitin stimulated microbial activity under oxic and anoxic conditions in agricultural soil slurries, whereas chitosan had no effect. Thus, the soil microbial community likely was more adapted to chitin as a substrate. In addition, this finding suggested that direct hydrolysis of chitin was preferred to the pathway that starts with deacetylation. Chitin was apparently degraded by aerobic respiration, ammonification, and nitrification to carbon dioxide and nitrate under oxic conditions. When oxygen was absent, fermentation products (acetate, butyrate, propionate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide) and ammonia were detected, suggesting that butyric and propionic acid fermentation, along with ammonification, were likely responsible for anaerobic chitin degradation. In total, 42 different chiA genotypes were detected of which twenty were novel at an amino acid sequence dissimilarity of less than 50%. Various chiA genotypes responded to chitin supplementation and affiliated with a novel deep-branching bacterial chiA genotype (anoxic conditions), genotypes of Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria (oxic and anoxic conditions), and Planctomycetes (oxic conditions). Thus, this study provides evidence that detected chitinolytic bacteria were catabolically diverse and occupied different ecological niches with regard to oxygen availability enabling chitin degradation under various redox conditions on community level.

scholarly journals Microbial Inoculants and Their Impact on Soil Microbial Communities: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darine Trabelsi ◽  
Ridha Mhamdi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Impact

The knowledge of the survival of inoculated fungal and bacterial strains in field and the effects of their release on the indigenous microbial communities has been of great interest since the practical use of selected natural or genetically modified microorganisms has been developed. Soil inoculation or seed bacterization may lead to changes in the structure of the indigenous microbial communities, which is important with regard to the safety of introduction of microbes into the environment. Many reports indicate that application of microbial inoculants can influence, at least temporarily, the resident microbial communities. However, the major concern remains regarding how the impact on taxonomic groups can be related to effects on functional capabilities of the soil microbial communities. These changes could be the result of direct effects resulting from trophic competitions and antagonistic/synergic interactions with the resident microbial populations, or indirect effects mediated by enhanced root growth and exudation. Combination of inoculants will not necessarily produce an additive or synergic effect, but rather a competitive process. The extent of the inoculation impact on the subsequent crops in relation to the buffering capacity of the plant-soil-biota is still not well documented and should be the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Plant-Soil Feedbacks for the Restoration of Degraded Mine Lands: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Chen Zhu ◽  
Hong-Xiang Zheng ◽  
Wen-Shen Liu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Mei-Na Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Mine Lands ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Much effort has been made to remediate the degraded mine lands that bring severe impacts to the natural environments. However, it remains unclear what drives the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, making the restoration of these fragile ecosystems a big challenge. The interactions among plant species, soil communities, and abiotic conditions, i.e., plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs), significantly influence vegetation development, plant community structure, and ultimately regulate the recovery of ecosystem multi-functionality. Here, we present a conceptual framework concerning PSFs patterns and potential mechanisms in degraded mine lands. Different from healthy ecosystems, mine lands are generally featured with harsh physical and chemical properties, which may have different PSFs and should be considered during the restoration. Usually, pioneer plants colonized in the mine lands can adapt to the stressful environment by forming tolerant functional traits and gathering specific soil microbial communities. Understanding the mechanisms of PSFs would enhance our ability to predict and alter both the composition of above- and below-ground communities, and improve the recovery of ecosystem functions in degraded mine lands. Finally, we put forward some challenges of the current PSFs study and discuss avenues for further research in the ecological restoration of degraded mine lands.

scholarly journals Apple Root stocks and Pre-plant Soil Treatments Alter Soil Microbial Community Composition in a New York Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128C-1128
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Janice E. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Composition

Apple (Malu ×domestica) replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease syndrome of complex etiology that occurs worldwide when establishing new orchards in old fruit-growing sites. Methyl bromide (MB) has been an effective soil fumigant to control ARD, but safer alternatives to MB are needed. We evaluated soil microbial communities, tree growth, and fruit yield for three pre-plant soil treatments (compost amendment, soil treatment with a broad-spectrum fumigant, and untreated controls), and five clonal rootstocks (M7, M26, CG6210, CG30, and G16), in an apple replant site at Ithaca, N.Y. Molecular fingerprinting (PCR-DGGE) techniques were used to study soil microbial community composition of root-zone soil of the different soil treatments and rootstocks. Tree caliper, shoot growth, and yield were measured annually from 2002–04. Among the five rootstocks we compared, trees on CG6210 had the most growth and yield, while trees on M26 had the least growth and yield. Soil treatments altered soil microbial communities during the year after pre-plant treatments, and each treatment was associated with distinct microbial groups in hierarchical cluster analyses. However, those differences among fungal and bacterial communities diminished during the second year after planting, and soil fungal communities equilibrated faster than bacterial communities. Pre-plant soil treatments altered bulk-soil microbial community composition, but those shifts in soil microbial communities had no obvious correlation with tree performance. Rootstock genotypes were the dominant factor in tree performance after 3 years of observations, and different rootstocks were associated with characteristic bacterial, pseudomonad, fungal, and oomycetes communities in root-zone soil.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Soil Microbial Communities and Plant Communities on Different Slope Aspects in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luoshu He ◽  
Suhui Ma ◽  
Jiangling Zhu ◽  
Xinyu Xiong ◽  
Yangang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The local microclimate of different slope aspects in the same area can not only impact soil environment and plant community but also affect soil microbial community. However, the relationship between aboveground plant communities and belowground soil microbial communities on various slope aspects has not been well understood.Methods We investigated the above- and belowground relationship on different slope aspects and explored how soil properties influence this relationship. Plant community attributes were evaluated by plant species richness and plant total basal area. Soil microbial community was assessed based on both 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA, using High-throughput Illumina sequencing. Results There was no significant correlation between plant richness and soil bacterial community composition on the north slope, but there was a positive correlation on the south slope and a significantly negative correlation on the flat site. There was a significantly negative correlation between soil fungal community composition and plant total basal area, which did not change with the slope aspect. In addition, there was no significant correlation between plant community species richness and soil microbial species richness.Conclusions In subalpine coniferous forests, the relationship between plant-soil bacteria varies with slope aspect, but the plant-soil fungi relationship is relatively consistent across different slope aspects. These results can improve our understanding of the relationship between plant and soil microorganisms in forest ecosystems under microtopographic changes and have important implications for the conservation of biodiversity and forest management in subalpine coniferous forests.

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