scholarly journals Environment-dependent expression of mutational load and species' range limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Perrier ◽  
Darío Sánchez-Castro ◽  
Yvonne Willi
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Mutational Load ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata ◽  
The North ◽  
Stress Dependent

Theoretical and empirical research on the causes of species' range limits suggests the contribution of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with potentially complex interactions among them. An intrinsic factor proposed by recent theory is mutational load increasing towards range edges because of genetic drift. Furthermore, environmental quality may erode towards range edges and enhance the expression of load. Here we tested whether the expression of mutational load associated with range limits in the North American Arabidopsis lyrata is enhanced under stressful conditions, by comparing the performance of within- versus between-population crosses at common garden sites across the species' distribution and beyond. Heterosis, reflecting the expression of load, increased with heightened estimates of genomic load and with environmental stress caused by warming, but the interaction was not significant. We conclude that range-edge populations suffer from a twofold genetic Allee effect caused by increased mutational load and stress-dependent load linked to general heterozygote deficiency, but no synergistic effect between them.

The Origin of Isolated Populations of the Mountain Weevil, Liparus glabrirostris—The Flagship Species for Riparian Habitats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik ◽  
Krzysztof Zając ◽  
Miłosz A Mazur ◽  
Arkadiusz Sikora ◽  
Daniel Kubisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Liparus glabrirostris is one of the largest European weevils, and it has been recently proposed as the flagship species for threatened riparian habitats in the mountains. For effective conservation of its populations (and associated habitats), it is crucial to understand its history, contemporary distribution, genetic diversity and predict changes in the range, including its highly isolated populations on the Baltic coast. Here, we examined numerous populations of L. glabrirostris across almost the entire species range using phylogeography and species niche modeling (SNM) approaches. Analyses of mtDNA and nucDNA markers revealed the existence of 2 major mitochondrial lineages generally separated between 1) the Alpine region and 2) the Bohemian Massif, the Carpathians, and the Baltic coast areas. Genetic diversity in nuclear genes was more complicated with no clear division between populations. The origin of Baltic populations was derived from the Carpathians, but there were probably multiple expansion events to the north. SNM suggested the existence of glacial refugia for L. glabrirostris, mainly in the Alps and the Southern Carpathians. Current predictions of species range were found to be generally congruent with zoogeographic data; however, the Baltic coast was not really supported as a suitable area for L. glabrirostris. An important prediction of future distribution (2050–2070 CE) suggests a shrinkage of the L. glabrirostris range and extinction of some of its populations (particularly those isolated on lower altitudes). Based on the aforementioned data, proposals for the protection of this species are proposed, including the designation of several evolutionary units of conservation importance.

Niche Partitioning Among Snook (Pisces: Centropomidae) in Rivers of Southeastern Florida and Implications for Species Range Limits

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Stevens ◽  
Jynessa Dutka-Gianelli ◽  
Eric J. Nagid ◽  
Alexis A. Trotter ◽  
Kevin G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Limits

scholarly journals Accumulation of Mutational Load at the Edges of a Species Range

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Willi ◽  
Marco Fracassetti ◽  
Stefan Zoller ◽  
Josh Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Species Range ◽  
Mutational Load

scholarly journals VII. An account of a storm of thunder and lightning at Norwich, on the 13th of July 1758

1759 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
The West ◽  
Window Frame ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Thunder Storm ◽  
Thursday Afternoon ◽  
East End ◽  
The City

About four o’clock on Thursday afternoon, July 13th 1758. a short but severe thunder-storm, with lightning, fell upon the top of an house standing alone, and belonging to a common garden, on the causeway near Sandling's ferry, in the city of Norwich; struck off the tiles of the roof at the east end, to the space of a yard or two 5 burnt a very small hole in the middle of a lath, in piercing into the chamber, and then darted to the north-east; ript off the top of an old chair, without throwing it down; snapt the two heads of the bed-posts, rent the curtains, drove against the wall (the front of the house stands due north-east), forced out an upright of a window frame a yard long, three inches broad, and two thick; smote it in a right line into an opposite ditch, ten or twelve yards distant; then struck down on the wall of the chamber, paring off half a foot s breadth of its plaistered covering quite down to the floor, listed up a board of the floor, and leaving an hole of half an inch diameter, pierced thro’ by the side of the main beam into the kitchen, towards the west end of a pewter- shelf; traversed the whole shelf to the east, and melted superficially to the breadth of a shilling six pewter dishes, two plates, and a pewter bason, all standing touching one another: two of the dishes were thrown down, the rest not displaced.

scholarly journals Increasing temporal variance leads to stable species range limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Benning ◽  
Ruth A Hufbauer ◽  
Christopher Weiss-Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Stable Range ◽  
Species Expansion ◽  
Temporal Variance

What prevents populations of a species from adapting to the novel environments outside the species' geographic distribution? Previous models highlighted how gene flow across spatial environmental gradients determines species expansion vs. extinction and the location of species range limits. However, space is only one of two axes of environmental variation — environments also vary in time, and we know temporal environmental variation has important consequences for population demography and evolution. We used an individual based evolutionary model to explore how temporal stochasticity in environmental conditions influences the spread of populations across a spatial environmental gradient. We find that temporal stochasticity greatly alters our predictions for range dynamics compared to temporally static environments. When temporal variance is equal across the landscape, the fate of species (expansion vs. extinction) is determined by the interaction between the degree of temporal autocorrelation in environmental fluctuations and the steepness of the spatial environmental gradient. When the magnitude of temporal variance changes across the landscape, stable range limits form where this variance becomes large enough to prevent local population adaptation and persistence. These results illustrate the pivotal influence of temporal stochasticity on the likelihood of populations colonizing novel habitats and the location of species range limits.

scholarly journals Limited phenological and pollinator-mediated isolation among selfing and outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1939) ◽  
pp. 20202323
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Gorman ◽  
Lindsay Bond ◽  
Mark van Kleunen ◽  
Marcel E. Dorken ◽  
Marc Stift
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata ◽  
Pollinator Preference ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Transitions from outcrossing to selfing have been a frequent evolutionary shift in plants and clearly play a role in species divergence. However, many questions remain about the initial mechanistic basis of reproductive isolation during the evolution of selfing. For instance, how important are pre-zygotic pre-pollination mechanisms (e.g. changes in phenology and pollinator visitation) in maintaining reproductive isolation between newly arisen selfing populations and their outcrossing ancestors? To test whether changes in phenology and pollinator visitation isolate selfing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata from outcrossing populations, we conducted a common garden experiment with plants from selfing and outcrossing populations as well as their between-population hybrids. Specifically, we asked whether there was isolation between outcrossing and selfing plants and their between-population hybrids through differences in (1) the timing or intensity of flowering; and/or (2) pollinator visitation. We found that phenology largely overlapped between plants from outcrossing and selfing populations. There were also no differences in pollinator preference related to mating system. Additionally, pollinators preferred to visit flowers on the same plant rather than exploring nearby plants, creating a large opportunity for self-fertilization. Overall, this suggests that pre-zygotic pre-pollination mechanisms do not strongly reproductively isolate plants from selfing and outcrossing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata .

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