The Origin of Isolated Populations of the Mountain Weevil, Liparus glabrirostris—The Flagship Species for Riparian Habitats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Lachowska-Cierlik ◽  
Krzysztof Zając ◽  
Miłosz A Mazur ◽  
Arkadiusz Sikora ◽  
Daniel Kubisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Liparus glabrirostris is one of the largest European weevils, and it has been recently proposed as the flagship species for threatened riparian habitats in the mountains. For effective conservation of its populations (and associated habitats), it is crucial to understand its history, contemporary distribution, genetic diversity and predict changes in the range, including its highly isolated populations on the Baltic coast. Here, we examined numerous populations of L. glabrirostris across almost the entire species range using phylogeography and species niche modeling (SNM) approaches. Analyses of mtDNA and nucDNA markers revealed the existence of 2 major mitochondrial lineages generally separated between 1) the Alpine region and 2) the Bohemian Massif, the Carpathians, and the Baltic coast areas. Genetic diversity in nuclear genes was more complicated with no clear division between populations. The origin of Baltic populations was derived from the Carpathians, but there were probably multiple expansion events to the north. SNM suggested the existence of glacial refugia for L. glabrirostris, mainly in the Alps and the Southern Carpathians. Current predictions of species range were found to be generally congruent with zoogeographic data; however, the Baltic coast was not really supported as a suitable area for L. glabrirostris. An important prediction of future distribution (2050–2070 CE) suggests a shrinkage of the L. glabrirostris range and extinction of some of its populations (particularly those isolated on lower altitudes). Based on the aforementioned data, proposals for the protection of this species are proposed, including the designation of several evolutionary units of conservation importance.

scholarly journals On the chronology of the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age in eastern Germania in the light of selected types of brooches

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-259
Author(s):  
Piotr Łuczkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
La Tene ◽  
The Baltic

On the basis of selected types of supra-regional brooches (A.65, Nauheim, Schüsselfibeln, A.18), an attempt was made to check whether they appeared in the eastern part of Germania in the same chronological rhythm as in their home zones. The service life of A.65 brooch and post-oppidial forms A.18 north of the Carpathians corresponds to the chronology in the primary distribution zone, no significant differences can be seen. Another picture – obtained, however, from a small number of finds – is drawn for Nauheim type brooches, which seem to remain in use a little longer in the zone between the Carpathian Mountains and the Baltic coast, until the younger stage of the LT D2 phase. Similarly, bowl-shaped brooches (Schüsselfibeln), probably made mostly in local workshops, were worn in the north for several decades longer than in the zone south of the Carpathian Mountains. In Pomerania they came into use probably slightly earlier than in the area of Przeworsk culture and probably went out of fashion a little faster. This indicates a slightly different rhythm of stylistic and fashion changes between southern and central Poland (Przeworsk culture) and the north – the region of the lower Vistula and the Gulf of Gdańsk. Late La Tène period – Late Pre-Roman Iron Age – chronology – brooches – Przeworsk culture – imports

scholarly journals Ships and their timber source as indicators of connections between regions

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Aoife Daly
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Western

The precise dating and determination of the source of timbers in shipwrecks found around the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, through dendrochronology allows us to see connections between north and  south, east and west throughout the region and to a high chronological precision. In this paper we take a look at results of recent analyses of timber from ships, and timber and barrel cargoes, to try to draw a chronological picture, from the twelfth to seventeenth centuries, of links between regions, through transport in oak ships and trade of timber. Archaeological finds of oak from timber cargos in shipwrecks and fine art objects (painted panels and sculpture) show the extent to which timber was shipped from Hanseatic towns along the southern Baltic coast, to western and north-western Europe.

scholarly journals A marginal habitat, but not a sink: Ecological genetics reveal a diversification hotspot for marine invertebrates in the brackish Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas C Geburzi ◽  
Nele Heuer ◽  
Lena Homberger ◽  
Jana Kabus ◽  
Zoe Moesges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Aim: Environmental gradients have emerged as important barriers structuring populations and species distributions. We set out to test whether a strong salinity gradient from marine to brackish, represented in a marginal northern European sea, should be considered a diversification hotspot or a population sink, and to identify life history traits that correlate with either evolutionary trajectory. Location: The Baltic Sea, the North Sea and their transition zone. Methods: We accumulated mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequence data and data on the distribution, salinity tolerance and life history for 28 species belonging to the Cnidaria, Crustacea, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Polychaeta and Gastrotricha, including seven non-native species. We calculated measures of genetic diversity and differentiation across the environmental gradient, coalescent times and migration rates between North and Baltic Sea populations, and analysed correlations between genetic and life history data. Results: The majority of investigated species is either genetically differentiated and/or is adapted to the lower salinity conditions of the Baltic Sea. Moreover, the species exhibiting population structure have a range of patterns of genetic diversity in comparison to the North Sea, from lower in the Baltic Sea to higher in the Baltic Sea, or equally diverse in North and Baltic Sea. Main conclusions: Our results indicate that the Baltic Sea should be considered a diversification hotspot: The diversity of genetic patterns points towards independent trajectories in the Baltic compared to the North Sea. At the same time, we found limited evidence for the traditional scenario of the Baltic Sea as a population sink with lower diversity and strong gene flow. The North Sea - Baltic Sea region provides a unique setting to study evolutionary adaptation during colonization processes at different stages by jointly considering native and non-native species.

scholarly journals Differentiation between two epilittoral species, Scutovertex arenocolus spec. nov. and Scutovertex pilosetosus Polderman (Acari: Oribatida) from different European coasts

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2153 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
SYLVIA SCHÄFFER ◽  
ERNST EBERMANN ◽  
GUENTHER KRISPER
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Littoral Species

Scutovertex arenocolus spec. nov. living in the sandy shore of the Baltic coast is described. Additionally, a closely related species, S. pilosetosus, occurring in marsh habitats of the North Sea coast, is redescribed in detail. Both species show a similar habitus. Scutovertex arenocolus differs from S. pilosetosus in the length of body, cusps and notogastral setae, in the ridge on mentum as well as in a different exochorion structure of the eggs. A morphometric analysis of 14 morphological characters confirmed distinctly shorter cusps and notogastral setae in S. arenocolus. Additionally, a principal component analysis performed with 17 morphological traits provided a clear separation of these two species and of S. minutus. The results of these analyses lead to the conclusion that earlier reports of S. minutus in the coastal zone of the Atlantic, the Baltic and the North Sea should be assigned to the one or the other of these two littoral species.

scholarly journals VI.—On the Brick Architecture of the North of Germany

Archaeologia ◽  
1863 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Alexander Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
The South ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic

The surface of that part of Europe which lies between the Baltic and the German Ocean on the north, and the Carpathians, the Sudeten Gebirge, the Riesengebirge, Thüringerwald, and Hartz on the south, is composed of sand or clay, and affords no other building stone than granitic boulders, supposed to have been transported thither from the Scandinavian mountains. These boulders furnished the stone from which many churches were built in the twelfth and earlier part of the thirteenth centuries; but the deposit being superficial was soon exhausted, and the hardness of the material precluded the use of ornamental detail.

Molecular genetic diversity and population structure in Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora (Myrtaceae) on the island of Tasmania

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Gauli ◽  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers

Genetic diversity and population structure of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora were assessed using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Maternal trees and open-pollinated progeny from 37 populations were sampled across the species’ geographic and altitudinal distribution in Tasmania. The distribution of chloroplast haplotype richness showed a clear geographic structure with suggestion of three major refugia (Storm Bay, Tamar Valley and St Pauls River Valley), two of which are consistent with previously reported glacial refugia. Chloroplast haplotype affinities provided evidence of migration of populations from the north and east towards the south and west of Tasmania. High nuclear microsatellite diversity was observed across the species’ range. Most of this variation was distributed within populations with low but significant FST, suggesting high gene flow among populations that is more pronounced in mature stands. Higher nuclear genetic diversity in newly colonised areas compared with lowland putative refugial regions, and the converse in chloroplast DNA markers, suggest limited seed dispersal into newly colonised regions combined with high pollen flow between different source populations in newly colonised areas. Our results do not support the suggestion that highland populations of E. pauciflora originate from in situ high-altitude refugia, but instead argue they originate from lowland refugia.

The Irish St. Brendan Legend in Lower Germany and on the Baltic Coast

Traditio ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Selmer
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

No Irish-born Saint played a role in continental Europe's folklore and literature comparable to that of St. Brendan, the Navigator (484–c. 577). To judge by the frequency and provenance of the earliest manuscripts, the Vita and Navigatio, the two written sources which deal with his life and exploits, the legend was best known in France and Bretagne, Lorraine and Southern Germany. For obvious reasons, the German Low Countries, particularly the shores of the Baltic Sea and the adjacent territories to the north and northwest, were less susceptible to any such distant literary or religious influence. If it is a surprise to find St. Brendan taking so strong a foothold in Southern Germany, far enough removed from his native Kerry, how much more astonishing is it to note traces of his legend evident even in Northern Germany and Prussia proper, an area which only in late medieval centuries began to enter the literary orbit of Western Europe. This area is the one-hundred-mile stretch between the former Hanseatic cities of Lübeck and Stralsund, comprising chiefly Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, along the shores of the Baltic.

scholarly journals The effects of drift and selection on latitudinal genetic variation in Scandinavian common toads (Bufo bufo) following postglacial recolonisation

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-667
Author(s):  
Filip Thörn ◽  
Patrik Rödin-Mörch ◽  
Maria Cortazar-Chinarro ◽  
Alex Richter-Boix ◽  
Anssi Laurila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Landscape

AbstractClinal variation is paramount for understanding the factors shaping genetic diversity in space and time. During the last glacial maximum, northern Europe was covered by glacial ice that rendered the region uninhabitable for most taxa. Different evolutionary processes during and after the recolonisation of this area from different glacial refugia have affected the genetic landscape of the present day European flora and fauna. In this study, we focus on the common toad (Bufo bufo) in Sweden and present evidence suggesting that these processes have resulted in two separate lineages of common toad, which colonised Sweden from two directions. Using ddRAD sequencing data for demographic modelling, structure analyses, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), we provide evidence of a contact zone located between Uppland and Västerbotten in central Sweden. Genetic diversity was significantly higher in southern Sweden compared to the north, in accordance with a pattern of decreased genetic diversity with increasing distance from glacial refugia. Candidate genes under putative selection are identified through outlier detection and gene–environment association methods. We provide evidence of divergent selection related to stress response and developmental processes in these candidate genes. The colonisation of Sweden by two separate lineages may have implications for how future conservation efforts should be directed by identifying management units and putative local adaptations.

Two species of slow worm (Anguis fragilis, A. colchica) present in the Baltic region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Václav Gvoždík ◽  
Zdeněk Harca ◽  
Alexandra Hánová ◽  
Daniel Jablonski ◽  
Mihails Pupins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
East European ◽  
Postglacial Colonization ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Anguis Fragilis ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Five European slow worms (Anguis) have mostly parapatric distributions. Two species, A. fragilis and A. colchica, are widely distributed across the western and eastern parts of the genus range. Their contact zone runs from the north-eastern Balkans, through Pannonia to northern Central Europe. In northern Poland, the contact zone has been located approximately between the North and East European Plains. Here, we present the first mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data from Finland and the coastal Baltics. We demonstrate that A. fragilis enters the East European Plains, where it is presumably distributed along the Baltic coast. Our data indicate that A. colchica is present more inland and to the north of Riga. The genetic structure suggests three independent postglacial colonization events in the Baltics (two by A. colchica). The presence of the two species, A. fragilis and A. colchica, should be considered by the conservation legislations of Lithuania, Latvia and Russia.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Corded Ware Cultures traditions in the Upper Western Dvina region in the III millennium BC

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Evgenia Sergeevna Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time

The following paper presents analysis of the Corded Ware cultures materials in the North-West Russia. The investigation involved materials from 4 archaeological settlements and finds (stone battle-axes) from the Pskov region. The main attention is focused on three principal categories of the Corded Ware cultures artifacts: pottery with cord ornamentation, triangular arrowheads, and stone-battle axes. The paper gives a complex description of ceramic: technology of making pottery, morphology and ornamentation. Stone battle-axes were considered in the context of all Corded Ware cultures materials in the presented region for the first time. Comparison of these materials with other artifacts of the Corded Ware cultures, as well as using methods of relative and absolute chronology, made it possible to trace new directions of the cultural contacts at the beginning of the III millennium BC. The result of these migrations and/or cultural influences from the territory of south-western Europe is the spread of cord impressions on ceramic vessels, emergence of new shapes of pottery and new types of stone battle-axes. The further development is associated with the influence of the Baltic Coast culture. It was the key to the formation of the North-Belarusian culture, which existed in the presented region from the second half of the III millennium BC and is included to the circle of the Corded Ware cultures.

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