scholarly journals Relative Risk Assessment of Ecological Areas with the Highest Potential Impact of Underwater Released Exhaust CO2 from Innovative Ships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhu Wei ◽  
Michel Kroeze ◽  
Csilla Vamos ◽  
Edwin Foekema ◽  
Ron van Lammeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment

Applying underwater released exhaust gas as air lubrication along the ship hull to reduce the energy consumption is under development. However, this direct emission to the water could pose a risk to the local marine environment, especially in shipping-dense areas. Specifically, CO2, a dominant component in the exhaust gas, has the potency to enhance algal blooms and cause acidification. This study provides the first relative risk assessment of ships with underwater release exhaust gas systems on a global scale, taking into account local water conditions and shipping intensity. Risk was characterized for 262 marine ecoregions by plotting the expected CO2 emission from ships to water against the estimated vulnerability to acidification and algal blooms. The vulnerability of each ecoregion was assessed based on background dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) level, chlorophyll-a concentrations and total alkalinity. The results reveal that areas with relatively high vulnerability are mainly located above 30N latitude. The Yellow Sea, Southern China Sea, and North Sea come out as relatively high risk areas. Looking in more detail to European high-risk ecoregions, the highest risk levels are found in areas with dense shipping lanes and maritime chokepoints, e.g. the Strait of Dover and the Strait of Gibraltar. This was the first attempt to make such a risk assessment and the outcome is only indicative. In a next phase additional parameters, such as water currents and biological composition of the ecosystem should be included.

scholarly journals A relative risk assessment of the open burning of WEEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 11042-11052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cesaro ◽  
Vincenzo Belgiorno ◽  
Giuliana Gorrasi ◽  
Gianluca Viscusi ◽  
Mentore Vaccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment

The Development of Anomaly Distributions for Machined Holes in Aircraft Engine Rotors

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Corran ◽  
Michael Gorelik ◽  
Darryl Lehmann ◽  
Stephane Mosset
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Assessment Methodology ◽  
Engine Rotors

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) Rotor Integrity Sub-Committee (RISC) has proposed an enhanced damage tolerance design strategy for critical rotating parts intended to reduce the rate of uncontained rotor events. Building upon the industry committee’s experience in developing a probabilistic relative risk assessment methodology for hard alpha anomalies in titanium rotors, a similar probabilistic approach has been proposed for induced anomalies along machined hole surfaces in engine rotors. Key inputs to this strategy are the development of a surface anomaly distribution for machined holes and the benchmark of design target risk (DTR). The DTR is an FAA/industry agreed upon design target value of relative risk against which the results of the probabilistic risk assessment are compared.

Human health risk associated with direct potable reuse – evaluation through quantitative relative risk assessment case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Soller ◽  
M. H. Nellor ◽  
C. J. Cruz ◽  
E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Two hypothetical quantitative relative risk assessment (QRRA) case study evaluations illustrate how QRRA can inform risk management decisions for direct potable reuse.

scholarly journals Relative Risk Assessment of Intrauterine Infection of the Fetus During Cytomegalovirus Infection in Early Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment

Background. Intrauterine fetal infection (IUI), the common cause of which is the cytomegalovirus (CMV), occupies one of the first places in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There are no data on the relative risk assessment of IUI at the exacerbation of CMV infection and its delitescent course in first trimester of pregnancy in the literature.Aim: to calculate the relative risks of fetal IUI in pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Methods. A retrospective review of the labor and delivery medical records and prenatal records of 104 CMV-seropositive women was carried out. Fifty of these women had an exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy – main group and 54 of them were with delitescent course of the disease (comparison group).Results. A comparative analysis of ultrasound and morphological markers of IUI with risk assessment depending on the course of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy has been carried out. A high risk of placental structure abnormalities, as well as amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, fetal and placental blood flow pathology, onset of  choroid plexus cyst and fetal growth restriction was found, with a statistically significant difference in the group of pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusion. The findings suggest that the exacerbation of CMV infection in early pregnancy is a risk factor for IUI.

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