scholarly journals Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Sun ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Ning-Yu Liu ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Fluctuating Light

Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly affected stomatal opening and mesophyll conductance after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly supressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only affected gas exchange under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. Therefore, drought stress has large effects on photosynthetic dark and light reactions under FL.

scholarly journals Drought stress delays photosynthetic induction and accelerates photoinhibition of photosystem I under fluctuating light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Sun ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Ning-Yu Liu ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Fluctuating Light

Fluctuating light (FL) and drought stress usually occur concomitantly. However, whether drought stress affects photosynthetic performance under FL remains unknown. Here, we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700 redox state under FL in drought-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Drought stress significantly affected stomatal opening and mesophyll conductance after transition from low to high light and thus delayed photosynthetic induction under FL. Therefore, drought stress exacerbated the loss of carbon gain under FL. Furthermore, restriction of CO2 fixation under drought stress aggravated the over-reduction of photosystem I (PSI) upon transition from low to high light. The resulting stronger FL-induced PSI photoinhibition significantly supressed linear electron flow and PSI photoprotection. These results indicated that drought stress not only affected gas exchange under FL but also accelerated FL-induced photoinhibition of PSI. Furthermore, drought stress enhanced relative cyclic electron flow in FL, which partially compensated for restricted CO2 fixation and thus favored PSI photoprotection under FL. Therefore, drought stress has large effects on photosynthetic dark and light reactions under FL.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic induction upon transfer from low to high light is affected by leaf nitrogen content in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Sun ◽  
Yu-Qi Zhang ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flow ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
High Light ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
N Content ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

The response of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to changes of illumination affects plant growth and crop productivity under natural fluctuating light conditions. However, the effects of nitrogen (N) supply on photosynthetic physiology after transition from low to high light are seldom studied. To elucidate this, we measured gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings grown with different N conditions. After transition from low to high light, the induction speeds of net CO2 assimilation (AN), stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) delayed with the decline in leaf N content. The times to reach 90% of maximum AN, gs and gm were negatively correlated to leaf N content. This delayed photosynthetic induction in plants grown under low N concentration was mainly caused by the slow induction response of gm rather than that of gs. Furthermore, the photosynthetic induction upon transfer from low to high light was hardly limited by photosynthetic electron flow. These results indicate that decreased leaf N content declines carbon gain under fluctuating light in tomato. Increasing the induction kinetics of gm has the potential to enhance the carbon gain of field crops grown in infertile soil.

scholarly journals Photorespiration Alleviates Photoinhibition of Photosystem I under Fluctuating Light in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Qi Shi ◽  
Hu Sun ◽  
Stefan Timm ◽  
Shibao Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Fluctuating light (FL) is a typical natural light stress that can cause photodamage to photosystem I (PSI). However, the effect of growth light on FL-induced PSI photoinhibition remains controversial. Plants grown under high light enhance photorespiration to sustain photosynthesis, but the contribution of photorespiration to PSI photoprotection under FL is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the photosynthetic performance under FL in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants grown under high light (HL-plants) and moderate light (ML-plants). After an abrupt increase in illumination, the over-reduction of PSI was lowered in HL-plants, resulting in a lower FL-induced PSI photoinhibition. HL-plants displayed higher capacities for CO2 fixation and photorespiration than ML-plants. Within the first 60 s after transition from low to high light, PSII electron transport was much higher in HL-plants, but the gross CO2 assimilation rate showed no significant difference between them. Therefore, upon a sudden increase in illumination, the difference in PSII electron transport between HL- and ML-plants was not attributed to the Calvin–Benson cycle but was caused by the change in photorespiration. These results indicated that the higher photorespiration in HL-plants enhanced the PSI electron sink downstream under FL, which mitigated the over-reduction of PSI and thus alleviated PSI photoinhibition under FL. Taking together, we here for the first time propose that photorespiration acts as a safety valve for PSI photoprotection under FL.

scholarly journals Drought stress imposes reversible photosynthetic damage under fluctuating light conditions in crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Sakoda ◽  
Kazuki Taniyoshi ◽  
Wataru Yamori ◽  
Yu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Dynamic Photosynthesis

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop growth and yield. Water availability in the field can cyclically change between drought and rewatering conditions, depending on precipitation patterns. Concurrently, light intensity under field conditions can fluctuate, inducing dynamic photosynthesis and transpiration during crop growth period. The present study aimed to characterize carbon gain and water use in fluctuating light under drought and rewatering conditions by conducting gas exchange measurements in two major crops, namely rice and soybean. In both crops, drought stress reduced steady-state photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic capacity, and delayed photosynthetic induction even when it had relatively small impact on photosynthetic capacity, suggesting that the drought effects on photosynthesis should be evaluated based on induction, maximum, and steady states. This delayed photosynthetic induction resulted in a substantial loss of carbon gain under fluctuating light conditions, which can be a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in the field. Meanwhile, rewatering after drought conditions completely recovered photosynthetic capacity and induction in both crops, whereas drought experience would be memorized to slow down the stomatal opening. Therefore, the stability of photosynthetic induction can be a promising target to improve drought tolerance during crop breeding in the future.

scholarly journals High-yielding rice Takanari has superior photosynthetic response to a commercial rice Koshihikari under fluctuating light

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (19) ◽  
pp. 5287-5297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Adachi ◽  
Yu Tanaka ◽  
Atsuko Miyagi ◽  
Makoto Kashima ◽  
Ayumi Tezuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Fluctuating Light

The high-yielding rice cultivar Takanari has fast photosynthetic induction owing to a high electron transport rate, stomatal conductance, and metabolic flux, leading to high daily carbon gain under fluctuating light.

Quantification of cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I in spinach leaves during photosynthetic induction

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Yong Fan ◽  
Qin Nie ◽  
Alexander B. Hope ◽  
Warwick Hillier ◽  
Barry J. Pogson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem I ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Cyclic Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Spinach Leaves

scholarly journals Diurnal Response of Photosystem I to Fluctuating Light Is Affected by Stomatal Conductance

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3128
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Li ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Hu Sun ◽  
Ming Yue ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
High Light ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Regulation ◽  
Sudden Transition

Upon a sudden transition from low to high light, electrons transported from photosystem II (PSII) to PSI should be rapidly consumed by downstream sinks to avoid the over-reduction of PSI. However, the over-reduction of PSI under fluctuating light might be accelerated if primary metabolism is restricted by low stomatal conductance. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of diurnal changes in stomatal conductance on photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and common mulberry (Morus alba). Under conditions of high stomatal conductance, we observed PSI over-reduction within the first 10 s after transition from low to high light. Lower stomatal conductance limited the activity of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle and aggravated PSI over-reduction within 10 s after the light transition. We also observed PSI over-reduction after transition from low to high light for 30 s at the low stomatal conductance typical of the late afternoon, indicating that low stomatal conductance extends the period of PSI over-reduction under fluctuating light. Therefore, diurnal changes in stomatal conductance significantly affect the PSI redox state under fluctuating light. Moreover, our analysis revealed an unexpected inhibition of cyclic electron flow by the severe over-reduction of PSI seen at low stomatal conductance. In conclusion, stomatal conductance can have a large effect on thylakoid reactions under fluctuating light.

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