scholarly journals Pattern of fibrin stabilizing factor (FXIII) expression in placentas of women suffering with gestational diabetes mellitus in Saint John, New Brunswick

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Mercer ◽  
Kenneth Obenson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Saint John

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 2-5% of all pregnancies and is known to place the fetus at risk for adverse fetal outcomes. Previous studies have reported the increased presence of villous immaturity in the placentas of women with gestational diabetes. Villous immaturity poses a great risk of restricted diffusion capacity across the placenta and may be a marker for some of the placental insufficiency associated with diabetes mellitus. The present study looks at the possibility of using fibrin stabilizing factor, or Factor XIII (FXIII), as a biomarker of villous immaturity. The aim of the present study is to establish a baseline pattern of FXIII expression in placentas of women in Saint John, NB with GDM, without villous immaturity using a scoring formula adapted from surgical pathology. While the small sample size precludes definitive conclusions regarding the expression of FXIII in normal placentas in women with GDM, there appears to a baseline of strong FXIII expression in normal placental tissues from the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Further study using a larger sample size is required to determine if a correlation exists between level of FXIII expression and degree of villous maturity in patients with GDM, which could improve the histologic assessment of placental development.

scholarly journals Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy is Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gulenay Gencosmanoglu Turkmen ◽  
Zehra Vural Yilmaz ◽  
Yuksel Oguz ◽  
Kadriye Yakut ◽  
Cem Yasar Sanhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

<p><strong>Objectıves:</strong> Intrahepatic (also known as obstetric) cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions for pregnancy-specific hepatic disease. It has consistently been found to be related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent studies, a relationship between ICP and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) was demonstrated. However, the association between serum total BA (TBA) level in ICP and GDM is not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between serum TBA levels in ICP disease with GDM.</p><p><strong>Study Desıgn:</strong> Eighty pregnant women diagnosed with ICP and eighty healthy pregnant women as normal controls were included in the study. Their clinical characteristics and laboratory test results including liver function tests, glucose challenge tests (GCT), glucose tolerance tests (GTT), and fasting and postprandial TBA levels were recorded. Cases with serum TBA levels between 12-40 µmol/L were described as mild disease, &gt;40 µmol/L was described as severe disease.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean 50-g GCT value was significantly higher in pregnant women with ICP compared to the healthy controls (128.7±28.2, 106.6±27.0; p &lt; 0.0001) and it was slightly higher in women with severe disease than women with mild disease (132.7±30.1, 125.5±26.5; p=0.26). The percent of GDM diagnosis with ICP disease (11.25%) was higher than in healthy pregnant women (6.25%) but the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.187) and it was similar in pregnant women with mild and severe disease (11.1%, 11.4%; p=0.31).</p><p><strong>Conclusıon:</strong> Our current study demonstrated that ICP was not associated with GDM, also, we did not demonstrate a relationship of TBA level with ICP and GDM. It may be due to our study’s small sample size. Further and well-designed studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to determine the relationship between GDM and ICP and also the function of TBA in the pathogenesis of GDM disease.</p>

Effects of Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Placenta: Current Knowledge and Targets for Therapeutic Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Samantha Bedell ◽  
Janine Hutson ◽  
Barbra de Vrijer ◽  
Genevieve Eastabrook
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Exchange Site ◽  
And Function

: Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.

scholarly journals Visfatin concentration is decreased in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the third trimester

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akturk ◽  
A. E. Altinova ◽  
I. Mert ◽  
U. Buyukkagnici ◽  
A. Sargin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

scholarly journals Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Second and Third Trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Qian Yin ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Zhenbo Ouyang ◽  
Mei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Markers

Objective.To determine plasma markers of oxidative stress during the second and third trimester of pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Study Design.We conducted a prospective nested case-control study involving 400 pregnant women, 22 of whom developed GDM. As control group, 30 normal pregnant women were chosen randomly. Plasma samples were analyzed for 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX-3), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) at 16–20 weeks, 24–28 weeks, and 32–36 weeks of gestation.Results.Compared to control subjects, the plasma levels of PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2αwere elevated at 16–20 weeks’ and 32–36 weeks’ gestation in GDM. There was no significant difference in PCO and 8-iso-PGF2αat 24–28 weeks in GDM. GPX-3 was statistically significantly increased at 16–20 weeks and 32–36 weeks in GDM. PON1 reduced in patients with GDM. No significant differences were found at 24–28 and 32–36 weeks between the GDM and control groups. In GDM, PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2αlevels were higher and GPX-3 and PON1 levels were lower in the second than the third trimester.Conclusion.Oxidation status increased in GDM, especially protein oxidation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM.

scholarly journals High levels of maternal total tri-iodothyronine, and low levels of fetal free L-thyroxine and total tri-iodothyronine, are associated with altered deiodinase expression and activity in placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242743
Author(s):  
Sebastián Gutiérrez-Vega ◽  
Axel Armella ◽  
Daniela Mennickent ◽  
Marco Loyola ◽  
Ambart Covarrubias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Expression And Activity

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal maternal D-glucose metabolism and altered insulin signaling. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones (TH) tri-iodethyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) Hormones had been associated with GDM, but the physiopathological meaning of these alterations is still unclear. Maternal TH cross the placenta through TH Transporters and their Deiodinases metabolize them to regulate fetal TH levels. Currently, the metabolism of TH in placentas with GDM is unknown, and there are no other studies that evaluate the fetal TH from pregnancies with GDM. Therefore, we evaluated the levels of maternal TH during pregnancy, and fetal TH at delivery, and the expression and activity of placental deiodinases from GDM pregnancies. Pregnant women were followed through pregnancy until delivery. We collected blood samples during 10–14, 24–28, and 36–40 weeks of gestation for measure Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free T4 (FT4), Total T4 (TT4), and Total T3 (TT3) concentrations from Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) and GDM mothers. Moreover, we measure fetal TSH, FT4, TT4, and TT3 in total blood cord at the delivery. Also, we measured the placental expression of Deiodinases by RT-PCR, western-blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The activity of Deiodinases was estimated quantified rT3 and T3 using T4 as a substrate. Mothers with GDM showed higher levels of TT3 during all pregnancy, and an increased in TSH during second and third trimester, while lower concentrations of neonatal TT4, FT4, and TT3; and an increased TSH level in umbilical cord blood from GDM. Placentae from GDM mothers have a higher expression and activity of Deiodinase 3, but lower Deiodinase 2, than NGT mothers. In conclusion, GDM favors high levels of TT3 during all gestation in the mother, low levels in TT4, FT4 and TT3 at the delivery in neonates, and increases deiodinase 3, but reduce deiodinase 2 expression and activity in the placenta.

scholarly journals Expression of IRS1 Gene in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, in The Third Trimester

2021 ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Zainab k. Hussain ◽  
Jabbar H. Yenzeel ◽  
Hayfa H. Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
And Control

To study the genetic effect of gestational diabetes mellitus by study IRS1gene expression in female with Gestational diabetes mellitus. It is characterized high level of blood glucose, especially during first trimester then increased during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of the pregnancy period. The blood samples taken from one hundred twenty healthy women and female with gestational diabetes mellitus in 3rd trimester period of pregnancy, level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) also HbA1c% measured to diagnose GDM, in addition to lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and VLDL), molecular study consist of RNA extraction and qRT- PCR for IRS1gene expression determination. The fasting blood glucose mg/dl and HbA1c% level was increased highly significantly (P<0.01) between patients and control (healthy women) in 3rd trimester stage in addition lipid profile included )serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL and VLDL( (mg/dl) but level of HDL (mg/dl) was decreased highly significantly (P<0.01) between patients and control. The result showed high significant of IRS1 expression gene in control (1.00 ± 0.00) while in patients (0.147 ± 0.02). The low expression of IRS1 gene was connected with gestational diabetes mellitus comparison in control (healthy women) in Iraqi female in third trimester of pregnancy

scholarly journals The Role of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pelvic Floor 3D-Ultrasound Markers at the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy Predicting 6-18 Months Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: Preliminary Results From a Prospective Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Izaias Sartorão Filho ◽  
Fabiane Affonso Pinheiro ◽  
Luiz Takano ◽  
Raghavendra Hallur Lakshmana Shetty ◽  
Sthefanie K. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hiatal Area

Abstract Background Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and long-term urinary incontinence (UI) have a severe impact on women's health. New methods to identify pregnant predictor risk factors of UI are needed. Our study investigated clinical and pelvic floor 3D-ultrasound markers in pregnant women at the second and third trimesters to predict 6-18 months postpartum UI. Methods This ongoing prospective cohort study included one hundred five nulliparous pregnant women with universal GDM screening and diagnosis, treated with nutritional and healthy lifestyle intervention. Pelvic floor 3DUltrasound was performed at the second and third trimesters of gestation. Clinical and pelvic floor 3DUltrasound biometry were collected. The ICIQ-SF and ISI questionnaires for UI were applied in the third trimester and 6-18 months postpartum. We performed univariate analysis (P<.20) to extract risk factors variables and multivariate logistic regression analysis (P<.05) to obtain the adjusted relative ratio for 6-18 months postpartum UI. Results In a preliminary result, a total of 93 participants concluded the follow-up. Using the variables obtained by the univariate analysis and after the adjustments for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis revealed that Gestational Diabetes Mellitus exposure was a strong and independent risk factor for 6-18 months postpartum UI (Adjusted RR 8.088; 95%CI 1.17-55.87; P:.034). In addition, higher hiatal area distension at rest from the second to the third trimester was negatively correlated with 6-18 months postpartum UI (Adjusted RR 0.966; 95%CI 0.93-0.99; P: .023). Conclusion Gestational Diabetes Mellitus was positively correlated with 6-18 months postpartum UI, and a higher hiatal area distension was negatively correlated with 6-18 months postpartum UI development. Trial registration: Regulatory approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (number 1.716.895) by “Botucatu Medical School of São Paulo State University (Unesp)” Ethics Committee.

Gestational diabetes mellitus and quality of life during the third trimester of pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos A. Pantzartzis ◽  
Philip P. Manolopoulos ◽  
Stavroula A. Paschou ◽  
Kyriakos Kazakos ◽  
Kalliopi Kotsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third
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