Carriage of antibiotic resistant bacteria in endangered and declining Australian pinniped pups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariel Fulham ◽  
Fiona McDougall ◽  
Michelle Power ◽  
Rebecca R McIntosh ◽  
Rachael Gray
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pinniped Species ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Gene Cassette Array

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern for wildlife and ecosystem health globally. Genetic determinants of AMR have become indicators of anthropogenic pollution due to their greater association with humans and rarer presence in environments less affected by humans. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and frequency of the class 1 integron, a genetic determinant of AMR, in both the faecal microbiome and in  Escherichia coli  isolated from neonates of three pinniped species. Australian sea lion ( Neophoca cinerea ), Australian fur seal ( Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ) and long-nosed fur seal ( Arctocephalus forsteri ) pups from eight breeding colonies along the Southern Australian coast were sampled between 2016-2019. DNA from faecal samples ( n =309) and from  E. coli  ( n =795) isolated from 884 faecal samples were analysed for class 1 integrons using PCRs targeting the conserved integrase gene ( intI ) and the gene cassette array. Class 1 integrons were detected in  A. p. doriferus  and  N. cinerea  pups sampled at seven of the eight breeding colonies investigated in 4.85% of faecal samples ( n =15) and 4.52% of  E. coli  isolates ( n =36). Integrons were not detected in any  A. forsteri  samples. DNA sequencing of the class 1 integron gene cassette array identified diverse genes conferring resistance to four antibiotic classes. The relationship between class 1 integron carriage and the concentration of five trace elements and heavy metals was also investigated, finding no significant association. The results of this study add to the growing evidence of the extent to which antimicrobial resistant bacteria are polluting the marine environment. As AMR determinants are frequently associated with bacterial pathogens, their occurrence suggests that these pinniped species are vulnerable to potential health risks. The implications for individual and population health as a consequence of AMR carriage is a critical component of ongoing health investigations.

scholarly journals In117, an Unusual In0-Like Class 1 Integron Containing CR1 and blaCTX-M-2 and Associated with a Tn21-Like Element

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aránzazu Valverde ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
Juan Carlos Galán ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Common Region ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Recombinase Gene ◽  
Gene Cassette Array

ABSTRACT An unusual In0-like class 1 integron containing a common region that includes the putative recombinase gene named orf513 (CR1) and bla CTX-M-2 was characterized from Escherichia coli. The integron contained an unusual gene cassette array, estX-aadA1, embedded between the 5′-conserved segment (5′-CS) and 3′-CS1 regions and was flanked by mer-Tn21 sequences downstream of the tni truncated module. This element constitutes one of the few examples of CR1-bearing class 1 integrons that has been fully characterized.

scholarly journals Integron Expression in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from House Flies within the Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Atchariya YOSBOONRUANG ◽  
Anong KIDDEE ◽  
Chatsuda BOONDUANG ◽  
Phannarai PIBALPAKDEE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
House Flies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1

Escherichia coli is a serious cause of a variety of hospital-acquired infections and commonly contributes to the environment by house flies. Integrons, particularly class 1 integrons, are the genetic elements that play an important role in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance mechanism. This mechanism is commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli. In this study, we aim to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from the house flies in Phayao hospital and to determine the gene expression of class 1 integrons in those isolates of E. coli. Totally, 70 isolates of E. coli were isolated from 60 house flies collected from the hospital. Fifty-seven of the isolates (81.43 %) were multidrug resistance (MDR) and highly resistant to b-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Of 57 isolates of MDR-E. coli, 20 isolates (35 %) were found to carry class 1 integron genes. Fifteen patterns of antimicrobial resistance occurred in the isolates of integron-positive E. coli. Most integron-positive E. coli isolates were resistant to 7 antimicrobials. Two isolates of these bacteria (10 %) were able to resist 13 out of 14 tested antimicrobials. Using PCR and sequencing analysis, an investigation showed that dfrA17-aadA5, dfrA12-aadA2 gene cassette was the most prevalent cassette (n = 10; 50 %) among the integron-positive E. coli isolates. Our results indicated that the presences of multidrug resistance and class 1 integrons were common in E. coli isolated from the houseflies in hospital. Therefore, screening for integron-positive E. coli from the hospital environment might be necessary for prevention of nosocomial infections.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Productivity, and Class 1 Integrons in Escherichia coli from Healthy Swine

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1442-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANJANA CHANGKAEW ◽  
APIRADEE INTARAPUK ◽  
FUANGFA UTRARACHKIJ ◽  
CHIE NAKAJIMA ◽  
ORASA SUTHIENKUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class 1

Administration of antimicrobials to food-producing animals increases the risk of higher antimicrobial resistance in the normal intestinal flora of these animals. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing strains and to characterize class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli in healthy swine in Thailand. All 122 of the tested isolates had drug-resistant phenotypes. High resistance was found to ampicillin (98.4% of isolates), chloramphenicol (95.9%), gentamicin (78.7%), streptomycin (77.9%), tetracycline (74.6%), and cefotaxime (72.1%). Fifty-four (44.3%) of the E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producing strains. Among them, blaCTX-M (45 isolates) and blaTEM (41 isolates) were detected. Of the blaCTX-M-positive E. coli isolates, 37 carried the blaCTX-M-1 cluster, 12 carried the blaCTX-M-9 cluster, and 5 carried both clusters. Sequence analysis revealed blaTEM-1, blaTEM-135, and blaTEM-175 in 38, 2, and 1 isolate, respectively. Eighty-seven (71%) of the 122isolates carried class 1 integrons, and eight distinct drug-resistance gene cassettes with seven different integron profiles were identified in 43 of these isolates. Gene cassettes were associated with resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA22, or aadA23), trimethoprim (dfrA5, dfrA12, or dfrA17), and lincosamide (linF). Genes encoding β-lactamases were not found in class 1 integrons. This study is the first to report ESBL-producing E. coli with a class 1 integron carrying the linF gene cassette in swine in Thailand. Our findings confirm that swine can be a reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli harboring class 1 integrons, which may become a potential health risk if these integrons are transmitted to humans. Intensive analyses of animal, human, and environmental isolates are needed to control the spread of ESBL-producing E. coli strains.

Antibiotic Resistance and Characteristics of Integrons in Escherichia coli Isolated from Penaeus vannamei at a Freshwater Shrimp Farm in Zhejiang Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUI CHENG ◽  
HAN JIANG ◽  
JIEHONG FANG ◽  
CHENG ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Shrimp Farm ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT Our study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles, integrons and their associated gene cassettes (GCs), and insertion sequence common regions of Escherichia coli isolates from Penaeus vannamei collected at a large-scale freshwater shrimp farm in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. A total of 182 E. coli isolates were identified from 200 samples. With the exception of imipenem, isolates were most commonly resistant to β-lactams, followed by tetracylines and sulfonamides. Fifty-two (28.6%) E. coli isolates were classified as multidrug resistant, and the patterns were highly diverse, with 29 types represented. The multiple-antibiotic resistance indices of the isolates were 0.17 to 0.56; 9.3% (17) of the 182 isolates were positive for class 1 integrons, 0.5% (1 isolate) was positive for class 2 integrons, and an insertion sequence common region 1 element was found upstream of the intI1 (integrase) gene in one of the intI1-positive isolates. Four GC arrays were detected in class 1 integrons, and one GC array was detected in class 2 integrons. Although the overall prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in P. vannamei was lower than that previously reported for poultry and livestock farms in China, concerns about the inappropriate use of antibiotics and the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in aquaculture were raised. Alternative approaches to reducing or replacing the use of antibiotics should be further studied.

Identification of plasmid- and integron-borne bla IMP-1 and bla IMP-10 in clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuting Hu ◽  
Wei-Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
P2 Promoter

The emergence of carbapenem-hydrolysing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is a serious threat to the clinical utility of carbapenems. This study identified plasmid- and integron-borne bla IMP-1 and bla IMP-10 in clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens. The bla IMP-1 and bla IMP-10 gene cassettes were carried by a class 1 integron and followed by the aac(6′)-IIc gene cassette. The bla IMP-1 and bla IMP-10 gene cassettes were preceded by a weak Pant promoter, TGGACA(N)17TAAGCT, and an inactive P2 promoter, TTGTTA(N)14TACAGT. These genes were easily transferred to Escherichia coli by conjugation and transformation, indicating that they are located on transferable plasmids. Due to the acquisition of bla IMP-1, the susceptibility of E. coli transconjugants to imipenem, meropenem, panipenem and biapenem decreased by 32-, 256-, 64- and 128-fold, respectively. In comparison, after gaining bla IMP-10, the susceptibility of E. coli transconjugants to the four carbapenems decreased by 64-, 2048-, 256- and 64-fold, respectively. Strains harbouring bla IMP-10 showed higher-level resistance to imipenem, meropenem and panipenem than the strains harbouring bla IMP-1, although the nucleotide sequences of the class 1 integrons carrying bla IMP-10 and bla IMP-1 were identical except for a single point mutation.

scholarly journals Dissemination of sul3-Containing Elements Linked to Class 1 Integrons with an Unusual 3′ Conserved Sequence Region among Salmonella Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Antunes ◽  
Jorge Machado ◽  
Luísa Peixe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Conserved Sequence ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Sequence Region ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Gene Cassette Array

ABSTRACT A sul3 domain (IS440-sul3-orf1-IS26) was found linked to an unusual 3′ conserved sequence region (qacH) of class 1 integrons and detected among nontyphoid Salmonella isolates (n = 47) from different sources. Three types of integrons differing in the gene cassette array (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1, dfrA12-orfF-aadA2/1, and estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1) were found associated with this sul3 domain. They were associated with particular clones and specific high-molecular-weight plasmids.

scholarly journals Relative Strengths of the Class 1 Integron Promoter Hybrid 2 and the Combinations of Strong and Hybrid 1 with an Active P2 Promoter

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas C. Papagiannitsis ◽  
Leonidas S. Tzouvelekis ◽  
Vivi Miriagou
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Strong Promoter ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
P2 Promoter

ABSTRACT The relative strengths of the uncommon promoters hybrid 2, hybrid 1 with an active P2 promoter (hybrid 1+P2), and strong+P2, which drive transcription of resistance genes in class 1 integrons, were evaluated using bla GES-1 as a reporter gene cassette. Hybrid 2 was stronger than hybrid 1. Coupling P2 with the strong promoter and with hybrid 1 caused a measurable increase in GES-1 expression.

scholarly journals Class 1 Integron Containing a New Gene Cassette, aadA10, Associated with Tn1404 from R151

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Partridge ◽  
Christina M. Collis ◽  
Ruth M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Base Element ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
New Gene

ABSTRACT The carbenicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamide, and tobramycin resistance determinants found on Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid R151 have previously been shown to translocate to another plasmid, R388, and it was inferred that a transposon, Tn1404, carried the resistance determinants. Sequencing of the cassette array from the plasmid known as R388::Tn1404 revealed two known gene cassettes, oxa10 and aadB, and a previously unidentified cassette determining resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin, here designated aadA10, in the order oxa10-aadB-aadA10. These cassettes replaced the dfrB2-orfA cassette array of R388, indicating that movement of the resistance determinants from R151 to R388 resulted from recombinational exchange between two class 1 integrons rather than transposition. The AadA10 protein is most closely related to AadA6 (85% identical) and AadA7 (80% identical). The aadA10 cassette found here has only a simple site containing a 7-bp spacer derived from attI1 in place of a 59-base element and is likely to represent a derivative of the complete cassette. IntI1-mediated deletion of the aadA10 cassette was not detected, indicating that this single simple site is either inactive or only weakly active.

Identification of Proteus genomic island 2 variants in two clonal Proteus mirabilis isolates with coexistence of a novel genomic resistance island PmGRI1

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503-2507
Author(s):  
Chang-Wei Lei ◽  
Tian-Ge Yao ◽  
Jia Yan ◽  
Bo-Yang Li ◽  
Xue-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Island ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Element

Abstract Objectives To characterize the MDR genomic islands (GIs) in Proteus mirabilis isolates. Methods Two P. mirabilis strains (C55 and C74) of chicken origin were subjected to WGS (HiSeq and PacBio) and the MDR GIs were determined. Results P. mirabilis strains C55 and C74 are clonal strains and harbour different Proteus genomic island 2 (PGI2) variants (PGI2-C55 and PGI2-C74). The MDR region of PGI2-C55 is composed of two class 1 integrons, separated by a region containing seven copies of IS26 and eight resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-3 and fosA3. The region in PGI2-C74 is a complete In4-type class 1 integron, harbouring five gene cassettes (dfrA16, blaCARB-2, aadA2, cmlA1 and aadA1). In addition, C55 and C74 carry an SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative element (ICEPmiJpn1), harbouring blaCMY-2, and a novel 50.46 kb genomic resistance island named PmGRI1-C55. PmGRI1-C55 harbours a tyrosine-type recombinase/integrase that might be responsible for the integration of PmGRI1-C55 at the 3′ end of tRNA-Sec. It carries an MDR region derived from Tn2670 that harbours a Tn21 region and carries six resistance genes (catA1, blaTEM-1b, aphA1a, sul2, strA and strB). Blast analysis showed diverse PmGRI1 variants in P. mirabilis and Escherichia coli strains. Conclusions The finding of the two new PGI2 variants highlights that the homologous recombination between shared components of class 1 integrons and transposition by IS26 promote the diversity of MDR regions in PGI2. PmGRI1 is a new GI that carries various resistance genes identified in P. mirabilis and E. coli.

scholarly journals OXA-28, an Extended-Spectrum Variant of OXA-10 β-Lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Plasmid- and Integron-Located Gene

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Delphine Girlich ◽  
Thierry Naas ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa ED-1, isolated from a pulmonary brush of a patient hospitalized in a suburb of Paris, France, was resistant to ceftazidime and of intermediate susceptibility to ureidopenicillins and to cefotaxime. Cloning and expression of the β-lactamase gene content of this isolate in Escherichia coli DH10B identified a novel OXA-10 variant, OXA-28, with a pI value of 8.1 and a molecular mass of 29 kDa. It differed from OXA-10 by 10 amino acid changes and from OXA-13 and OXA-19 by 2 amino acid changes, including a glycine instead of tryptophan at position 164, which is likely involved in its resistance to ceftazidime. Like OXA-11, -14, -16, and -19 and as opposed to OXA-17, OXA-28 predominantly compromised ceftazidime and had only marginal effect on the MICs of aztreonam and cefotaxime in P. aeruginosa. Once expressed in E. coli, OXA-28 raised the MIC of ceftazidime to a much higher level than those of amoxicillin, cephalothin, and cefotaxime (128, 16, 8, and 4 μg/ml, respectively). OXA-28 β-lactamase had a broad spectrum of activity, including ceftazidime. Its activity was partially antagonized by clavulanic acid (50% inhibitory concentration, 10 μM) and NaCl addition. The oxa28 gene cassette was inserted in the variable region of a class 1 integron, In57, immediately downstream of an amino 6′-N-acetyltransferase gene cassette,aac(6′)Ib. The structures of the integrons carrying eitheroxa28, oxa13, or oxa19 gene cassettes were almost identical, suggesting that they may have derived from a common ancestor as a result of the common European origin of theP. aeruginosa isolates. In57 was located on a self-transferable plasmid of ca. 150 kb that was transferred fromP. aeruginosa to P. aeruginosa.

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